ASTM D2758-94(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Engine Coolants by Engine Dynamometer (Withdrawn 2022)
Standard Test Method for Engine Coolants by Engine Dynamometer (Withdrawn 2022)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a laboratory technique capable of reproducing the complex environmental stresses a coolant encounters under actual engine operating conditions. The test method provides improved discrimination over glassware and simulated service tests and improved correlation with field service. Although the test method is particularly valuable for developing coolants for increased service requirements, it remains that field testing is necessary to evaluate coolant performance completely.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a full-scale clean engine test designed to evaluate corrosion protection and inhibitor stability of engine coolants under simulated heavy-duty driving conditions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 6.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers a full-scale clean engine test designed to evaluate corrosion protection and inhibitor stability of engine coolants under simulated heavy-duty driving conditions.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D15 on Engine Coolants and Related Fluids, this test method was withdrawn in April 2022 in accordance with Section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2758 − 94 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Engine Coolants by Engine Dynamometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2758; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope tion of (1) coolant samples, (2) metal corrosion specimens, and
(3) cooling system components.
1.1 This test method covers a full-scale clean engine test
designedtoevaluatecorrosionprotectionandinhibitorstability
4. Significance and Use
of engine coolants under simulated heavy-duty driving condi-
tions. 4.1 This test method provides a laboratory technique ca-
pable of reproducing the complex environmental stresses a
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
coolant encounters under actual engine operating conditions.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
The test method provides improved discrimination over glass-
only.
ware and simulated service tests and improved correlation with
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
field service. Although the test method is particularly valuable
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
for developing coolants for increased service requirements, it
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
remains that field testing is necessary to evaluate coolant
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
performance completely.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards
statements are given in Section 6.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Test Engine— The test engine shall be a volume pro-
2. Referenced Documents
2 duction passenger car engine of cast iron or aluminum con-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
struction. Engine speed and brake horsepower should be
D1121 Test Method for Reserve Alkalinity of Engine Cool-
calculated and adjusted to be equivalent to a 96.5 km/h (60
ants and Antirusts
mph) level road load. Aluminum accessories, such as coolant
D1287 TestMethodforpHofEngineCoolantsandAntirusts
pump and timing chain cover, are optional.The engine shall be
D1384 Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants
equipped with a matching radiator and pressure cap.Acoolant
in Glassware
overflow reservoir and closed-system pressure cap are
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
optional, except when specified by the manufacturer.Assemble
sion Test Specimens
the test components to provide a complete cooling system.The
2.2 Federal Standard:
relativepositioningoftheradiatorandengineshouldduplicate,
CFR Title 29 OSHA Regulations
as closely as practicable, the mounting in the automobile with
the fan omitted. All radiator hose lengths should be held to a
3. Summary of Test Method
minimum. The radiator shall be cooled by forced air.
3.1 This test method involves the operation of a standard
5.2 Instrumentation and Control (See Fig. 1)—Run the
passenger car engine on a dynamometer stand under constant
engine on a test stand coupled to an engine dynamometer with
speed, load, and coolant temperature conditions for a total of
appropriate accessories for control of the designated operating
700 h. The performance of the coolant is judged by examina-
conditions. Measure engine coolant temperature out of the
engine at a point immediately adjacent to the coolant outlet.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on Engine
Measure manifold vacuum, oil pressure, and exhaust pressure
Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
at appropriate points and monitor them throughout the test in
D15.10 on Dynamometer and Road Tests.
order to ensure proper engine performance. Install a pressure
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
approved in 1968 as D2758 – 68 T. Last previous edition D2758 – 94 (2003). DOI:
gage in the outlet tank of a crossflow radiator or the top tank of
10.1520/D2758-94R09.
a downflow radiator to read the gage pressure.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.3 Corrosion Measurements:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5.3.1 Evaluate corrosion protection using metal specimens.
the ASTM website.
The specimen arrangement shall be basically that used in Test
Available from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 200
Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20008. Method D1384. The specimen bundle is shown in Fig. 2.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2758 − 94 (2009)
FIG. 1 Air Cooling Setup
Preparation,cleaning,andweighingofthemetalspecimensare position. Connect the bottom fitting of the capsule with a
described in Test Method D1384 and Practice G1. Each rubber hose to the standard heater supply nipple, and connect
specimen bundle shall be held in a canvas-reinforced phenolic
the top fitting to the return nipple on the coolant pump.
tube (see Fig. 3) which, in turn, is contained in a capsule. Use
5.4 Fuel and Crankcase Oil—Because of the extended
two types of specimen capsules: full-flow and bypass. Install
duration of this test, it is suggested that high-quality fuels and
thefull-flowcapsuleintheupperradiatorhose,andconnectthe
motor oils be selected to control combustion problems and
bypass capsule across the heater taps of the engine. Details of
achieve maximum valve life.
the capsules are shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. The full-flow
capsule shall contain three sets of specimens; weigh and
6. Precautions
replace one set with a fresh set at 100-h increments, and weigh
two sets at the conclusion of the test. The bypass capsule shall
6.1 Safety Precautions:
contain three sets of specimens; clean, weigh, and replace the
6.1.1 Coolant—All coolant concentrates and their solutions
first set at 100-h increments. Clean and weigh the second set at
should be considered harmful or fatal if swallowed.
400 h. Replace, clean, and weigh this set at the end of the test.
6.1.2 Specimen Cleaning—When cleaning aluminum speci-
Clean and weigh the third set at the end of the test.
mens with chromic acid/orthophosphoric acid solution, use
5.3.2 Position the full-flow capsule in the upper radiator
fume hood.
hose at a point below the radiator coolant level.
6.1.3 Personal Protection—Appropriate personal protection
5.3.3 The bypass capsule should be located in close prox-
equipment (safety glasses, gloves, etc.) should be worn at all
imity to the engine in order to avoid excessive coolant
times when working with hot, pressurized engine systems. In
temperature drop.
general, engine speed should be lowered to 1000 rpm at no
5.3.4 Equip the bypass capsule with a temperature-
load, and the temperature and pressure on the cooling system
measuring device to assure that normal flow is being main-
should be lowered to a level below the boiling point of the
tained.(Atemperaturedropfromnormaloperatingtemperature
indicates an obstruction in the bypass circuit.) A mounting coolant before approaching the engine. To avoid possible
burns, care should be exercised in venting and opening the
bracket attached to the radiator stand is recommended. Mount
the capsule below the radiator coolant level in a vertical radiator pressure cap.
D2758 − 94 (2009)
A
NOTE 1— Alternate specimen bundles are shown in Test Method D 1384.
Metric Equivalents
1 1 3 1 17 7 1
in. 0.060 ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄64 ⁄16 ⁄2 12
mm 1.52 1.59 3.18 4.76 6.35 6.75 11.11 12.7 25 51
FIG. 2 Corrosion Specimen Bundle
Metric Equivalents
3 1 7 15 1 1
in. ⁄16 ⁄4 ⁄16 1 ⁄16 2 ⁄16 2 ⁄2
mm 4.76 6.35 11.11 49.21 52.39 63.5
NOTE 1—To achieve snug fit of the specimen bundle in the tube, add insulating washers as necessary under the brass nut on the specimen bundle.
FIG. 3 Specimen Bundle Sleeve
D2758 − 94 (2009)
Metric Equivalents
Metric Equivalents
1 1
in. 1 ⁄2 22 ⁄4
mm 38 50.8 57 3 1
in ⁄8 2 ⁄4
mm 9.5 57
FIG. 4 Upper Radiator Hose Full Flow Specimen Capsule
FIG. 5 By-Pass Specimen Capsule
6.1.4 SafetyGuards—Sturdysafetyguardsmustbeusedfor
gas leakage at some advanced point in the test, possibly
the fan belt, pulleys, couplings, and drive shaft (see OSHA
voiding the test and its results. A new radiator should be
Regulations, CFR Title 29).
installed before each test. The cooling system should be
6.1.5 MaintenanceofPhysicalEquipment—In the operation
checked for the following common defects: (1) cylinder head
and planning of the dynamometer test facility, adequate fore-
gasket leakage resulting in exhaust gas contamination of the
thought must be given to the fuel system, exhaust system, fire
coolant, (2) air induction into the coolant due to a worn coolant
hazards, and general housekeeping in order to maintain a high
pump seal, and (3) defective lower radiator hose connection.
level of safety standards. For example, checks for leaks in the
Methods of checking for these defects appear in Annex A1.
fuel, oil, and exhaust systems must be made on a continuing
7.1.2 Clean the engine cooling system with a chelator-type
basis, and consideration must be given to the routing of a hot
commericalcleaner(seeAnnexA2).Replaceallhosesafterthe
exhaust system in an area of combustible materials.
cleaning procedure, but before each test.
7. Preparation of Apparatus
7.2 Installation of Test Specimens and Coolant:
7.1 Engine Reconditioning:
7.2.1 Prior to the installation of the coolant, install a new
7.1.1 Check the engine and recondition, if necessary, prior
aluminum coolant outlet (if the engine is so equipped), along
to each test run. For each new engine, prior to a series of tests,
withathermostatfixedinthefullopenposition(seeNote).Flat
and those engines being reconditioned for further testing,
washers should be used under the coolant outlet-attaching bolt
install new cylinder head gaskets; the engine manufacturer’s
heads to minimize damage to the mounting flanges. Install the
recommendations should be followed regarding the use of
specimen-containing capsules at this time.
gasket sealing compounds. When no specific recommendation
NOTE 1—Thermostats of different manufacturers have different design
is made by the engine manufacturer, the cylinder head gaskets
minimum travel positions. “Full open” would mean the maximum travel.
and other coolant sealing gaskets should be coated with an
To block a thermostat open, the power element should be drilled and
adhesive sealant. This will ensure against coolant and exhaust tapped for an adjusting screw, soldered into position and cut off. Never
D2758 − 94 (2009)
solder the piston to the piston guide as this may cause damage or
Coolant 40 volume % concentration of test coolant
annealing of other thermostat components.To determine maximum travel,
in 100-100-100 corrosive water
measure valve position equivalent to 11°C (20°F) above stamped opening Coolant outlet temperature 93 ± 2°C (200 ± 3°F) or optional
Exhaust pressure 0 to 25.4 mm (0 to 1 in.) Hg
temperature; for example, 89°C111°C5100°C 192°F120°F
~
Test duration 700 h
5212°F .
!
Thermostat Fixed to remain full open
Radiator cap Standard specification for the engine cool-
7.2.2 Based upon careful measurement of the volume of the
ing system
system, add a measured amount of concentrated coolant
Coolant level 19 mm ( ⁄4 in.) below pressure cap seat for
directly to the cooling system to provide a 40 volume % down-flow radiators
38 mm (1 ⁄2 in.) below pressure cap seat for
coolant solution when filled to overflow with water containing
cross-flow radiators
100 ppm each of chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate ions (see
At pressure cap seat when radiator is equip-
Annex A3). If desired, single-phase-inhibited coolant may be ped with an overflow reservoir and clos-
ed-system pressure cap
premixed with corrosive water in a clean container and added
Speed and brake hP Equivalent to 96.5 km/h (60 mph) level
to the cooling system as a solution. Under no conditions
road load
premix external to the cooling system at the initiation of the
8.2 Perform periodic inspections throughout the test, as
test two-phase coolants containing polar oils. Before starting
given in Table 1.
the test and after installing test coolant, conduct a 103-kPa
(15-psi) pressure leakage test to check for external coolant
9. Interpretation and Significance of Results
leakage at hoses, gaskets, and coolant pump.
9.1 The test method is intended to provide a more compre-
7.2.3 Withtheenginerunningat1000rpmnoloadand93°C
hensive evaluation of coolant performance than is obtainable
(200°F) coolant outlet temperature, drain sufficient coolant to
with glassware and stimulated service tests. Correlation with
bring the radiator level from overflow to 19 mm ( ⁄4 in.) below
fieldserviceisgenerallygoodforenginesofsimilardesignand
the pressure cap seat for down-flow radiators, and 38 mm (1 ⁄2
material, but depends to a significant degree on the investiga-
in.)belowthepressurecapseatforcross-flowradiators.(When
tor’s ability to interpret test results in relation to field service
radiator is equipped with an overflow reservoir and closed-
experience. Field service will inherently impose variations in
systempressurecap,coolantlevelshouldbeatthepressurecap
severity.
seat.) Replace radiator cap. Save the drained coolant, and add
9.2 Theindividualspecimenweightlossvalueshavelimited
it to 2-L (2-qt) sample of premixed 40 % test coolant and
significance in terms of absolute corrosion protection with
corrosive water solution to use as makeup throughout the test.
respect to field service. Instead, they must be compared to
baseline values established with coolants of known field
8. Procedure
service performance. The comparative weight loss values
8.1 Maintain the following test conditions throughout the encountered with those specimens that remain undisturbed for
test method, except for the inspections detailed in subsequent the duration of the test indicate overall corrosion protection by
sections: the test coolant. These specimens should be the most valuable
TABLE 1 Periodic Inspections
Occurrence Operational Sequence
1 h, 100 h, and every 100 Reduce the engine speed to 1000 rpm no load and 93°C (200°F) coolant temperature. Withdraw
h thereafter 60-mL (2-oz) coolant sample. Samples should be analyzed in accordance with Test Methods D1287
and D1121.
Each 24-h operating Reduce the engine
...
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