ASTM F1790-97
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing
Standard Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the cut resistance of a material when mounted on a mandrel and subjected to a cutting edge under a specified load.
1.1.1 This procedure is not valid for high-porosity materials which allow cutting edge contact with the mounting surface prior to cutting, or for materials greater than 3 mm in thickness.
1.2 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:F1790–97
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Cut Resistance of Materials Used in Protective
Clothing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1790; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.4.1 Discussion—In this test method, the potential haz-
ard is cutting.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the cut
3.1.5 reference distance, n—in cut resistance testing, the
resistance of a material when mounted on a mandrel and
intercept of the reference force to the distance traversed.
subjected to a cutting edge under a specified load.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—For this test method, the reference
1.1.1 This procedure is not valid for high-porosity materials
distance is 25 mm (1 in.).
which allow cutting edge contact with the mounting surface
3.1.6 reference force, n—in cut resistance testing, the load
priortocutting,orformaterialsgreaterthan3mminthickness.
required to cause a cutting edge to traverse a specific distance
1.2 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be
resulting in a cut through.
regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
4. Summary of Test Method
must be used independently of the other, without combining
4.1 Acutting edge, with a specified load, is moved one time
values in any way.
across a specimen mounted on a mandrel.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 The distance is recorded, from initial contact to cut
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
through, for each load.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2.1 A series of tests, at three different loadings must be
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
performed to establish a range and to determine the reference
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
forces.
2. Referenced Documents 4.3 The resulting load versus distance curve can be used to
determine cut resistance of the specimen.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
5. Significance and Use
F 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
5.1 Thistestmethodassessesthecutresistanceofamaterial
3. Terminology when exposed to a cutting edge under specified loads. Data
obtained from this test method can be used to compare the cut
3.1 Definitions:
resistance of different materials.
3.1.1 cut resistance, n—in cut testing, the property demon-
5.2 This test method only addresses that range of cutting
strated by a material, or combination of materials, when a
hazards which are related to a cutting action across the surface
sharp-edged device initiates cut through.
of the material. It is not representative of any other cutting
3.1.2 cut through, n—in cut resistance tests, the penetration
hazard to which the material may be subjected.
of the cutting edge entirely through material after contact is
made with a material.
6. Apparatus
3.1.3 cutting edge, n—in cut resistance tests, a sharp-edged
,
4 5
6.1 Cut Protection Tester:
device used to initiate cut through of a planar structure.
6.1.1 The cut protection tester is designed to measure the
3.1.4 protective clothing, n—any material, or combination
distance traveled by the cutting edge as it is maintained under
of materials, used in an item of clothing for the purpose of
a known load during the test, and then generate force distance
isolating parts of the body from a potential hazard.
data. Apparatus, such as shown in Fig. 1, consists of a
1 4
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-23 on Cut test equipment is available from: Red Clay, Inc., 2388 Brackenville Rd.,
Protective Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.20 on Hockessin, DE 19707.
Physical Properties. This is the sole source of supply of this apparatus known to the committee at
Current edition approved June 10, 1997. Published August 1997. this time. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
3 1
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03. meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F1790–97
NOTE 1—Legend:
A—motor-driven balanced arm
B—cutting edge
C—mandrel
D—motor/drive wheel
E—weights
FIG. 2 Schematic of CPP Test Equipment (Side View)
NOTE 1—Legend:
6.2 Mandrel—The top surface of the mandrel is a rounded
A—motor-driven balanced arm
form which has an arc of 32 mm (1.25 in.) in a circle having
B—cutting edge
C—mandrel a radius of 38 mm (1.5 in.). The surface of the mandrel should
D—motor/drive wheel
either be made of electroconductive material or be covered
E—weights
with an electroconductive material. Double-faced tape is used
FIG. 1 Schematic of CPP Test Equipment
to secure the specimens to the electroconductive surface.
,
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6.3 Blade —Blades shall be made of stainless steel with a
hardness greater than 45 HRC. Blades shall be 1.0 6 0.5 mm
motor-driven balanced arm (A) holding the cutting edge (B) in
thick and ground to a bevel width of 2.5 6 0.2 mm along a
contact with the specimen mounted on a mandrel (C). As the
straightedge.Thisisanincludedangleofapproximately22°at
arm is driven downward, the blade moves across the specimen
the cutting edge. Blades shall have a cutting edge length
until the force, generated by the weights (E) mounted on the
greaterthan65mmandbladesshallbemorethan18mmwide.
lever arm assembly, causes the specimen to sustain a cut
,
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6.4 Calibration Material —Calibration material is a
through.
1.6-mm (0.0625-in.) Neoprene having a hardness of 50 6 5
5,6
6.1.1.1 The apparatus is powered by a 1/50-hpAC motor.
Shore A and a thickness of 1.57 mm (0.062 in.) 6 10 %.
,
5 7
The motor speed is adjusted by a power controller. The cut
6.5 Data Analysis—Data analysis can be accomplished by a
through is electronically recorded as the cutting edge makes
computer, capable of analyzing the data collected using expo-
contact with the sample holder. The distance traveled is
nential regression analysis.
recorded on a distance meter capable of recording to 0.1 mm
(0.004 in.).
7. Hazards
6.1.2 Weights (E) are mounted on the lever arm assembly.
7.1 This test equipment can pose a potential hazard to the
The apparatus must be capable of handling loads ranging from
technician if proper safety precautions are not followed. This
10 g (0.35 oz) to 15 kg (33 lb).
Blade 88-0121 TYPE: GRU-GRU, supplied by American Safety Razor Co.,
Razor Blade Lane, Vernona, VA24482, has proven satisfactory for this test method.
TYPE NSH-11D4 motor supplied by Bodine Electric Co., 2800 W. Bradley Its specifications include a cutting edge length greater than 69 mm, width of greater
Place, Chicago, IL 60618 has proven satisfactory for this test method. than 18 mm, and a thickness of 0.85 to 0.93 mm.
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TYPE BSH200 speed controller supplied by Bodine Electric Co., 2800 W. Neoprene, Style NS-5550, or equivalent supplied by Fairprene, 85 Mill Plain
Bradley Place, Chicago, IL 60618 has proven satisfactory for this test method. Road, Fairfield, CT 06430 has proven satisfactory for this test method.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F1790–97
8.3.2 On each specimen, make five determinations at three
different loads for a total of 15 determinations for each
laboratory sampling unit.
9. Calibration
9.1 Calibration of Blade Supply—Calibrate the cutting edge
supply by using a load of 4 N (0.88 lbf) on the calibration
material at the beginning and end of each sample being tested,
or when changing to a blade supply from a different manufac-
turing lot number. The length of the calibration cut through
must be between 18 and 38 mm (0.70 and 1.5 in.). The cut
through lengths at the beginning and end of each sample test
should not differ in length by more than 10 mm (0.40 in.).
9.1.1 When the length of cut through is outside these
distances, check for the following:
9.1.2 The cutting edges being used are new.
9.1.3 The Neoprene material is the same as that specified in
Section 6.
9.1.4 The calibration procedure for the lever arm indicates
that the force at point of contact is 4 N (0.88 lbf).
9.2 Calibration of Lever Arm Balance—With no weights on
the lever arm, and a used blade mounted in the blade holder,
adjust the position of the counterweight until the edge of the
NOTE 1—Legend: blade touches the curved surface of the mandrel without
A—motor-driven balanced arm
exerting any visible force on the mandrel.
B—cutting edge
9.2.1 This neutral position may be verified with gentle taps
C—mandrel
on the stand next to the machine.
D—motor/drive wheel
9.2.2 Any disturbance should cause the counterweight to
E—weights
FIG. 3 Schematic of CPP Test Equipment (Front View) fall away from the mandrel as the lever arm pivots.
9.3 Calibration of Lever Arm Load:
instrument is to be used only by authorized personnel that have
9.3.1 To calibrate force, an alternate mandrel fitted with an
had hands-on training.
electronic load cell is required.
7.2 Remove weights when installing or removing a blade.
9.3.2 Place a known weight of less than 1 kg on the lever
7.3 Store used blades in a sealed container.
arm and record the force indicated by the load cell. Repeat this
7.4 Remove blades at the end of each test or when not in
procedure using different weights between 50 and 1000 g.
use.
9.3.2.1 The load cell is delicate. Do not exceed its rating.
7.5 NEVERMOUNTTESTSAMPLEWITHABLADEIN
Stressing a load cell more than 1.5 times its maximum rating
CUT POSITION.
will result in damage.
7.6 Turn off machine before making instrument adjustments
9.3.3 Perform a linear regression analysis using the actual
to avoid the chance of a low-voltage shock.
(known) weight values on the x-axis and the force indicated by
7.7 Keep hands and fingers away from moving parts when
the load cell on the y-axis, Eq 1.
machine is operating.
y 5 ax 1 b (1)
8. Sampling
where:
8.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
y = force,
take at random the number of shipping units directed in an
x = known weight,
applicable material specification.
a = slope (correction factor), and
8.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
b = intercept of slope.
tance testing, take at random from each shipping unit in the lot
9.3.3.1 The coefficient of x is the correction factor to be
sample, the number of packages or pieces directed in an
applied to the actual weights to determine the load on the
applicable material specification or other agreement between
blade.
the purchaser and the supplier.
9.3.4 Calibration of the lever arm load should be performed
8.3 Test Specimens:
at least once a month and whenever the machine is moved.
8.3.1 Cut three 50 by 100-mm (2 by 4-in.) specimens at
random from each laboratory sampling unit. Cut all woven and
10. Conditioning
knit structures on the bias to make a 0.785 rad (45°) between
the warp and filling (wale and course) directions of the fabric 10.1 Condition test specimens as indicated in Practice
and the blade. D 1776D 1776.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F1790–97
25 1
11. Procedure
correction factor 5 or (2)
S D
CB mm CB in.
11.1 Plug in cut protection tester without weights or blades
in operating position.
where:
11.2 Turn machine on and adjust motor speed to approxi-
CB = bladecalibrationdistanceinmm(in.)underaforceof
mately 5 rpm in the forward position. Stop the machine with
4 N (0.88 lbf). This is the average distance to cut
the motor-driven balanced arm at top position.
throughofcalibrationmaterialbeforeandaftertestof
11.3 Calibrate lever arm balance.
specimens.
11.4 Cover mandrel face with double-face tape.
12.1.2 Plot recorded load versus normalized distance data
11.5 Without stretching it, place a specimen gently over the
on linear graph paper.
tape with the surface to be cut facing up. Apply firm pressure 12.1.3 Draw best curve fit using an exponential regression
on the specimen.
analysis program.
12.1.4 Extract reference force either by interpolating the
NOTE 1—For those materials which can be cut through with a load of
value that intercepts the distance axis at 25 mm (1 in.), or by
less than 250 g (8.8 oz), the technician must remove the tape from under
using Eq 3.
the immediate cut area.
NOTE 2—For electrically conductive materials, take care to avoid
log y/a
~ ~ !!
bx
y 5 a10 or x 5 (3)
premature electrical contact.
b
11.6 Insert the mandrel in the support column with the
where:
rounded side facing the motor-driven balanced arm and align
y = distance, 25 m,
so that the blade contact is centered on the rounded surface.
x = force,
Tighten mandrel in place.
a = constant factor, and
11.7 Verify position of cutting arm at the top. b = constant factor.
11.8 Insertanewbladeinarmslot.Keepitstraightandfully 12.2 Correct the reference force by multiplication by factor
seated in its mounting slot and tighten the thumb screw.
a determined in 9.3.3.1. This will correct for lever arm
11.9 Place lever arm on the arm rest. calibration.
11.10 Select and install weights.
11.11 Press the zeroing button on the distance meter. 13. Interpretation of Results
11.12 Lift the lever arm assembly, drop the rest support,
13.1 Materials that can do either of the following are
carefully ease the blade into contact with the specimen, and
capable of delivering better cut resistance:
immediately start the machine.
13.1.1 Provide higher cut resistance by demonstrating a
11.12.1 If no cut through occurs within one 50-mm (2-in.)
longer distance traveled when equal loads are mounted.
traverse of the blade, stop the machine, set the cutting arm on
13.1.2 Provide higher cut resistance by demonstrating resis-
the rest support, and remove the weights and blade. Move the
tance to higher loads at the same distance traversed.
specimen 6 mm (0.25 in.) to a new sp
...
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