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ASTM E1938-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Titanium in Nickel Alloys by Diantipyrylmethane Molecular Absorption Spectrometric Method

Standard Test Method for Determination of Titanium in Nickel Alloys by Diantipyrylmethane Molecular Absorption Spectrometric Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is used for the analysis of nickel and nickel base alloy samples by molecular absorption spectrometry to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed such as those described in Guide E 882.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of titanium in nickel alloys in the 0.3 through 5.0 % range. With appropriate reference materials the test method may be extended down to 0.05 %.
1.2 Molybdenum, if present, may cause a high bias to the extent of 0.001 % Ti for every 1 % Mo.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method see Practices E 50.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-2002
ICS
77.120.40 - Nickel, chromium and their alloys
Technical Committee
E01 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
Drafting Committee
E01.08 - Ni and Co and High Temperature Alloys
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1938-97 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Titanium in Nickel Alloys by Diantipyrylmethane Molecular Absorption Spectrometric Method
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Replaced By
ASTM E1938-08 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Titanium in Nickel Alloys by Diantipyrylmethane Molecular Absorption Spectrometry
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM E1473-22 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel, Cobalt, and High-Temperature Alloys
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002

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ASTM E1938-02 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Titanium in Nickel Alloys by Diantipyrylmethane Molecular Absorption Spectrometric MethodASTM E1938-02 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Titanium in Nickel Alloys by Diantipyrylmethane Molecular Absorption Spectrometric Method
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ASTM E1938-02 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Titanium in Nickel Alloys by Diantipyrylmethane Molecular Absorption Spectrometric Method
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1938–02
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Titanium in Nickel Alloys by the
Diantipyrylmethane Molecular Absorption Spectrometric
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1938; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ISO 11433:1993(E) - Nickel Alloys - Determination of
Titanium Content - Diantipyrylmethane Molecular Ab-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of titanium in
3
sorption Spectrometric Method
nickel alloys in the 0.3 through 5.0 % range. With appropriate
reference materials the test method may be extended down to
3. Summary of Test Method
0.05 %.
3.1 This sample is dissolved in a mixture of hydrochloric
1.2 Molybdenum, if present, may cause a high bias to the
and nitric acid. The solution is evaporated to sulfuric acid
extent of 0.001 % Ti for every 1 % Mo.
fumes to remove the hydrochloric and nitric acids. Color is
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
developed with diantipyrylmethane, and the absorbance is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measured at 390 nm.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Forspecifichazards
4.1 Thispracticeisusedfortheanalysisofnickelandnickel
associated with the use of this test method see PracticesE50.
base alloy samples by molecular absorption spectrometry to
2. Referenced Documents check compliance with compositional specifications. It is
2 assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts
2.1 ASTM Standards:
capable of performing common laboratory procedures skill-
E50 Practices forApparatus, Reagents, and Safety Precau-
fully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed
tions for Chemical Analysis of Metals
in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste
E 882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the
disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality
Chemical Analysis Laboratory
control practices must be followed such as those described in
E 1452 Practice for Preparation of Calibration Solutions for
Guide E 882.
Spectrophotometric and for Spectroscopic Atomic Analy-
sis
5. Apparatus
E 1601 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
5.1 Spectrophotometer, capable of measuring absorbance at
Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method
a wavelength of 390 nm.
2.2 ISO Standards:
5.2 Cells, to fit spectrophotometer, having an optical path of
ISO 5725:1986 - Precision of Test Methods – Determina-
1 cm.
tion of Repeatability and Reproducibility for a Standard
3
Test Method by Inter-Laboratory Tests
NOTE 1—Cells having other dimensions can be used, provided suitable
adjustments can be made in the amount of sample and reagents used.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on
6. Reagents
Analytical Chemistry of Metals, Ores and Related Materials, and is the direct
6.1 Purity and Concentration of Reagents—The purity and
responsibility of Subcommittee E01.08 on Nickel, Cobalt and High Temperature
Alloys. concentration of common chemical reagents shall conform to
Current edition approved Oct 10, 2002. Published June 2003. Originally
PracticesE50. The reagents should be free of or contain only
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E 1938–97.
minimal amounts (< 0.1 µg/g) of titanium. Calibration solu-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tions shall be prepared in accordance with Practice E 1452.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
6.2 Potassium Hydrogen Sulfate (KHSO ).
4
the ASTM website.
6.3 Ascorbic Acid Solution—Dissolve 20 g ascorbic acid
3
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
(C H O ) in water, dilute to 200 mL and mix.
6 8 6
New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1938–02
TABLE 1 Weight of Sample to be Taken
6.4 Oxalic Acid Solution—Dissolve 10 g of oxalic acid
dihydrate [(COOH) 2H O] in water and dilute to 200 mL and Expected Ti Content, Weight of Test Portion,
2 2
% g
mix.
0.3 to 3.0 0.19 to 0.21
6.5 Diantipyrylmethane Solution—Dissolve4gof dian-
3.0 to 5.0 0.09 to 0.11
tipyrylmethane monohydrate (C H N O H O) in water con-
23 24 4 2 2
tain
...

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ASTM E3047-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Nickel Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of nickel alloys is primarily intended to test material for compliance with compositional specifications such as those under jurisdiction of Committee B02. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.  
5.2 It is assumed that all who use this method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely, and that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.  
5.3 It is expected that laboratories using this method will prepare their own work instructions. These work instructions will include detailed operating instructions for the specific laboratory including information such as applicable analytical methods, drift correction (standardization) protocols, verifiers, and performance acceptance criteria.
SCOPE
1.1 This method describes the spark atomic emission spectrometric (Spark-AES) analysis of nickel alloys, such as those specified by Committee B02, having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Application Range (Mass Fraction, %)  
Aluminum  
0.005-6.00  
Boron  
0.001-0.10  
Carbon  
0.005-0.15  
Chromium  
0.01-33.00  
Copper  
0.01-35.00  
Cobalt  
0.01-25.00  
Iron  
0.05-55.00  
Magnesium  
0.001-0.020  
Manganese  
0.01-1.00  
Molybdenum  
0.01-35.00  
Niobium  
0.01-6.0  
Nickel  
25.00-100.0  
Phosphorous  
0.001-0.025  
Silicon  
0.01-1.50  
Sulfur  
0.0001-0.01  
Titanium  
0.0001-6.0  
Tantalum  
0.01-0.15  
Tin  
0.001-0.020  
Tungsten  
0.01-5.0  
Vanadium  
0.0005-1.0  
Zirconium  
0.01-0.10  
1.2 The following elements may be determined using this method.    
Element  
Quantification Range (Mass Fraction, %)  
Aluminum  
0.010-1.50  
Boron  
0.004-0.025  
Carbon  
0.014-0.15  
Chromium  
0.09-20.0  
Cobalt  
0.05-14.00  
Copper  
0.03-0.6  
Iron  
0.17-20  
Magnesium  
0.001-0.03  
Manganese  
0.04-0.6  
Molybdenum  
0.07-5.0  
Niobium  
0.02-5.5  
Phosphorous  
0.005-0.020  
Silicon  
0.07-0.6  
Sulfur  
0.002-0.005  
Tantalum  
0.025-0.15  
Tin  
0.001-0.02  
Titanium  
0.025-3.2  
Tungsten  
0.02-0.10  
Vanadium  
0.005-0.25  
Zirconium  
0.01-0.05  
1.3 This method has been interlaboratory tested for the elements and quantification ranges specified in 1.2. The ranges in 1.2 indicate intervals within which results have been demonstrated to be quantitative. It may be possible to extend this method to other elements or different composition ranges provided that a method validation study as described in Guide E2857 is performed and that the results of this study show that the method extension is meeting laboratory data quality objectives. Supplemental data on other elements not included in the scope are found in the supplemental data tables of the Precision and Bias section.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 9.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1473-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel, Cobalt, and High-Temperature Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of Committee B02 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the chemical analysis of nickel, cobalt, and high-temperature alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.005  
to  
7.00  
Beryllium  
0.001  
to  
0.05  
Boron  
0.001  
to  
1.00  
Calcium  
0.002  
to  
0.05  
Carbon  
0.001  
to  
1.10  
Chromium  
0.10  
to  
33.00  
Cobalt  
0.10  
to  
75.00  
Copper  
0.01  
to  
35.00  
Iron  
0.01  
to  
50.00  
Lead  
0.001  
to  
0.01  
Magnesium  
0.001  
to  
0.05  
Manganese  
0.01  
to  
3.0  
Molybdenum  
0.01  
to  
30.0  
Niobium (Columbium)  
0.01  
to  
6.0  
Nickel  
0.10  
to  
98.0  
Nitrogen  
0.001  
to  
0.20  
Phosphorus  
0.002  
to  
0.08  
Sulfur  
0.002  
to  
0.10  
Silicon  
0.01  
to  
5.00  
Tantalum  
0.005  
to  
1.00  
Tin  
0.002  
to  
0.10  
Titanium  
0.01  
to  
5.00  
Tungsten  
0.01  
to  
18.00  
Vanadium  
0.01  
to  
3.25  
Zinc  
0.001  
to  
0.01  
Zirconium  
0.01  
to  
2.50  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated as follows:    
Aluminum, Total by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method
(0.20 % to 7.00 %)  
53 to 60  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method
(0.018 % to 1.00 %)  
91 to 100  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method
(0.10 % to 33.00 %)  
101 to 109  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange-Potentiometric Titration Method
(2 % to 75 %)  
25 to 32  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method
(0.10 % to 5.0 %)  
33 to 42  
Copper by Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method
(0.010 % to 10.00 %)  
43 to 52  
Iron by the Silver Reduction Titrimetric Method
(1.0 % to 50.0 %)  
118 to 125  
Manganese by the Metaperiodate Spectrophotometric Method
(0.05 % to 2.00 %)  
8 to 17  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange—8-Hydroxyquinoline
Gravimetric Method (1.5 % to 30 %)  
110 to 117  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method
(0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
79 to 90  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method
(0.1 % to 84.0 %)  
61 to 68  
Niobium by the Ion Exchange—Cupferron Gravimetric Method
(0.5 % to 6.0 %)  
126 to 133  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 5.00 %)  
18 to 24  
Tantalum by the Ion Exchange—Pyrogallol Spectrophotometric
Method (0.03 % to 1.0 %)  
134 to 142  
Tin by the Solvent Extraction-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
69 to 78  
1.3 Other test methods applicable to the analysis of nickel alloys that may be used in lieu of or in addition to this method are E1019, E1834, E1835, E1917, E1938, E2465, E2594, E2823.  
1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in ...

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Standard Test Method for Analysis of Nickel Alloys by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for the analysis of nickel alloy samples by FAAS to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed such as those described in Guide E882.  
5.2 Interlaboratory Studies (ILS)5, 6—International interlaboratory studies were conducted by ISO/TC 155/SC4, Analysis of nickel alloys. Results were evaluated in accordance with ISO 5725:1986 and restated to conform to Practice E1601. The method was published as ISO 7530, Parts 1 through 9. The published ISO statistics are summarized separately for each analyte to correspond with Practice E1601.  
5.3 In this test method, some matrix modifiers are specified. However, other additives have come into common use since the original publication of this test method. These may be equally or more effective but have not been tested. It is the responsibility of the user to validate the use of such additives or the use of different dilutions, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers analysis of nickel alloys by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for the following elements:    
Element  
Compostiton Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.2 to 4.0  
Chromium  
0.01 to 4.0  
Cobalt  
0.01 to 4.0  
Copper  
0.01 to 4.0  
Iron  
0.1 to 4.0  
Manganese  
0.1 to 4.0  
Silicon  
0.2 to 1.0  
Vanadium  
0.05 to 1.0  
1.2 The composition ranges of these elements can be expanded by the use of appropriate standards.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method, see Practices E50 and the warning statements included in this test method.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E2594-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Nickel Alloys by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of nickel alloys is primarily intended to test material for compliance with specifications such as those under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.  
5.2 It is assumed that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely, and that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.  
5.3 This is a performance-based test method that relies more on the demonstrated quality of the test result than on strict adherence to specific procedural steps. It is expected that laboratories using this test method will prepare their own work instructions. These work instructions will include detailed operating instructions for the specific laboratory, the specific reference materials employed, and performance acceptance criteria. It is also expected that, when applicable, each laboratory will participate in proficiency test programs, such as described in Practice E2027, and that the results from the participating laboratory will be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric analysis of nickel alloys, such as specified by Committee B02, and having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Application Range (%)  
Aluminum  
0.01–1.00  
Boron  
0.001–0.050  
Calcium  
0.001–0.05  
Carbon  
0.10–0.20  
Chromium  
0.01–33.0  
Cobalt  
0.10–20.0  
Copper  
0.01–3.00  
Iron  
0.01–50.0  
Lead  
0.001–0.01  
Magnesium  
0.0001–0.100  
Manganese  
0.01–3.0  
Molybdenum  
0.01–30.0  
Niobium  
0.01–6.0  
Nickel  
25.0–80.0  
Nitrogen  
0.001–0.20  
Oxygen  
0.0001–0.003  
Phosphorous  
0.001–0.030  
Sulfur  
0.0001–0.010  
Silicon  
0.01–1.50  
Tantalum  
0.005–0.10  
Tin  
0.001–0.020  
Titanium  
0.001–6.0  
Tungsten  
0.01–5.0  
Vanadium  
0.01–1.0  
Zirconium  
0.01–0.10  
1.2 The following elements may be determined using this test method. The test method user should carefully evaluate the precision and bias statements of this test method to determine applicability of the test method for the intended use.    
Element  
Quantification Range (%)  
Aluminum  
0.060–1.40  
Boron  
0.002–0.020  
Calcium  
0.001–0.003  
Copper  
0.010–0.52  
Magnesium  
0.001–0.10  
Manganese  
0.002–0.65  
Niobium  
0.020–5.5  
Phosphorous  
0.004–0.030  
Tantalum  
0.010–0.050  
Tin  
0.002–0.018  
Titanium  
0.020–3.1  
Tungsten  
0.007–0.11  
Vanadium  
0.010–0.50  
Zirconium  
0.002–0.10  
1.3 This test method has only been interlaboratory tested for the elements and ranges specified. It may be possible to extend this test method to other elements or different quantification ranges provided that method validation is performed that includes evaluation of method sensitivity, precision, and bias as described in this document. Additionally, the validation study must evaluate the acceptability of sample preparation methodology using reference materials or spike recoveries, or both. The user is cautioned to carefully evaluate the validation data against the laboratory’s data quality objectives. Method validation of scope extensions is also a requirement of ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 8.2.6.3 and safety hazard statements are given i...

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ASTM E353-19e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of stainless, heat-resisting, maraging, and other similar chromium-nickel-iron alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.002  
to 5.50  
Boron  
0.001  
to 0.20  
Carbon  
0.01  
to 1.50  
Chromium  
0.01  
to 35.00  
Cobalt  
0.01  
to 15.00  
Niobium  
0.01  
to 4.00  
Copper  
0.01  
to 5.00  
Lead  
0.001  
to 0.50  
Manganese  
0.01  
to 20.00  
Molybdenum  
0.01  
to 7.00  
Nickel  
0.01  
to 48.00  
Nitrogen  
0.001  
to 0.50  
Phosphorus  
0.002  
to 0.35  
Selenium  
0.01  
to 0.50  
Silicon  
0.01  
to 4.00  
Sulfur  
0.002  
to 0.50  
Tantalum  
0.01  
to 0.80  
Tin  
0.001  
to 0.05  
Titanium  
0.01  
to 4.50  
Tungsten  
0.01  
to 4.50  
Vanadium  
0.005  
to 1.00  
Zirconium  
0.001  
to 0.20  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:    
Sections  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method (0.20 % to 7.00 %)  
119–126  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Spectrophotometric Method (0.003 % to 0.20 %)  
71–81  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion–Thermal Conductivity Method–Discontinued 1986  
153–163  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 1.50 %)–Discontinued 2013  
98–108  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
202–211  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation–Titration Method (0.10 % to 35.00 %)  
212–220  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method-Discontinued 1980  
145–152  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange–Potentiometric Titration Method (2 % to 15 %)  
53–60  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 5.0 %)  
61–70  
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 5.00) %)  
109–118  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method (0.01 % to 5.00 %)  
82–89  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.001 % to 0.50 %)  
127–136  
Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 5.00 %)  
9–18  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method  
242–249  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
190–201  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 48.0 %)  
172–179  
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 % to 0.35 %)  
164–171  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method (0.002 % to 0.35 %)  
19–30  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 4.00 %)  
46–52  
Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method-Discontinued 1988  
30–36  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to 0.5 %)-Discontinued 2014  
37–45  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method-Discontinued 1980  
137–144  
Tin by the Solvent Extraction–Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
180–189  
Tin by the Sulfide ...

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ASTM
ASTM E1834-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Nickel Alloys by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is primarily intended to test material for compliance with specifications such as those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Technical Committee B02 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.  
5.2 It is assumed that users of this test method shall be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely, and that the work shall be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.  
5.3 This is a performance-based method that relies more on the demonstrated quality of the test result than on strict adherence to specific procedural steps. It is expected that laboratories using this test method shall prepare their own work instructions. These work instructions shall include detailed operating instructions for the specific laboratory, the specific reference materials employed, and the performance acceptance criteria. It is also expected that, when applicable, each laboratory shall participate in proficiency test programs, such as described in Practice E2027, and that the results from the participating laboratory shall be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric analysis of nickel, such as specified by ASTM Committee B02, and having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Application Range
(Mass Fraction %)  
Aluminum  
0. 01 - 6.00  
Boron  
0. 01 - 0.10  
Carbon  
0. 01 - 0.15  
Chromium  
0. 01 - 33.00  
Copper  
0.01 - 35.00  
Cobalt  
0. 01 - 20.00  
Iron  
0.05 - 50.00  
Magnesium  
0. 01 - 0.020  
Molybdenum  
0. 01 - 30.0  
Niobium  
0. 01 - 6.0  
Nickel  
25.00 - 100.0  
Phosphorous  
0.001 - 0.025  
Silicon  
0.01 - 1.50    
Sulfur  
0.0001 - 0.01    
Titanium  
0.0001 - 6.0    
Tungsten  
0.01 - 5.0    
Vanadium  
0.0005 - 1.0  
1.2 The following elements may be determined using this test method:    
Element  
Quantification Range (μg/g)  
Bismuth  
0.2 - 3  
Lead  
0.6 - 12  
Selenium  
0.7 - 10  
Tellurium  
0.4 - 6  
1.3 This test method has only been interlaboratory-tested for the elements and ranges specified. It may be possible to extend this test method to other elements or different concentration ranges provided that a test method validation study that includes an instrument performance evaluation as described in Practice E1770 is performed. Additionally, the validation study shall evaluate the acceptability of sample preparation methodology using reference materials or spike recoveries, or both. The user is cautioned to carefully evaluate the validation data as to the intended purpose of the analytical results.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements see 8.2.4.2 and 9.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1917-13(2018)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Phosphorus in Nickel, Ferronickel, and Nickel Alloys by Phosphovanadomolybdate Spectrophotometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for the determination of phosphorus in nickel, ferronickel, and nickel alloy samples by molecular absorption spectrometry to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed, such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of phosphorus in nickel, ferronickel, and nickel alloys in the range 0.0007 % to 0.05 %.  
1.2 Arsenic, chromium, hafnium, niobium, silicon, tantalum, titanium, and tungsten interfere, but the interference can be avoided by complexation or volatilization (for chromium). The lowest phosphorus content (0.0007 %) can be reached only in samples with low contents of interfering elements.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method see Practices E50. Refer to specific warning notes given throughout this test method.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1938-13(2018)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Titanium in Nickel Alloys by Diantipyrylmethane Spectrophotometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for the determination of titanium in nickel alloy samples by molecular absorption spectrometry to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of titanium in nickel alloys in the range 0.3 % to 5.0 %. With appropriate reference materials, the test method may be extended down to 0.05 %.  
1.2 Molybdenum, if present, may cause a high bias to the extent of 0.001 % titanium for every 1 % molybdenum.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method, see Practices E50.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1587-17(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Refined Nickel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are primarily intended to test refined nickel metal for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the analytical work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods apply to the chemical analysis of refined nickel and other forms of metallic nickel having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Mass Fraction, %  
Antimony, less than  
0.005  
Arsenic, less than  
0.005  
Bismuth, less than  
0.01  
Cadmium, less than  
0.0025  
Carbon, max  
0.03  
Cobalt, max  
1.00  
Copper, max  
1.00  
Hydrogen, max  
0.003  
Iron, max  
0.15  
Lead, less than  
0.01  
Manganese, less than  
0.20  
Nickel, min  
98.0  
Nitrogen, less than  
0.50  
Oxygen, less than  
0.03  
Phosphorus, less than  
0.005  
Selenium, less than  
0.0010  
Silicon, less than  
0.005  
Silver, less than  
0.01  
Sulfur, max  
0.01  
Tellurium, less than  
0.0010  
Thallium, less than  
0.0010  
Tin, less than  
0.005  
Zinc, less than  
0.015  
1.2 These test methods may be used to determine the following elements by the methods indicated below:    
Test Methods  
Sections  
Antimony, Arsenic, Bismuth, Cadmium, Lead, Selenium, Silver, Tellurium, Tin, and Thallium by the Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Method  
21 – 31  
Bismuth, Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Silver, and Zinc by the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Method  
9 – 20  
Sulfur by the Methylene Blue Spectrophotometric Method After Generation of Hydrogen Sulfide  
32 – 42  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see Section 6.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2823-17(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Nickel Alloys by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (Performance-Based)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of nickel and nickel alloys is primarily intended to test material for compliance with specifications such as those under jurisdiction of ASTM committee B02. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.  
5.2 It is assumed that all who use this method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely, and that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.  
5.3 This is a performance-based method that relies more on the demonstrated quality of the test result than on strict adherence to specific procedural steps. It is expected that laboratories using this method will prepare their own work instructions. These work instructions will include detailed operating instructions for the specific laboratory, the specific reference materials employed, and performance acceptance criteria. It is also expected that, when applicable, each laboratory will participate in proficiency test programs, such as described in Practice E2027, and that the results from the participating laboratory will be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric analysis of nickel and nickel allys, as specified by Committee B02, and having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Application Range (Mass Fraction %)  
Aluminum  
0. 01–6.00  
Boron  
0. 01–0.10  
Carbon  
0. 01–0.15  
Chromium  
0. 01–33.00  
Copper  
0.01–35.00  
Cobalt  
0. 01–20.00  
Iron  
0.05–50.00  
Magnesium  
0. 01–0.020  
Molybdenum  
0. 01–30.0  
Niobium  
0. 01–6.0  
Nickel  
25.00–100.0  
Phosphorous  
0.001–0.025  
Silicon  
0.01–1.50  
Sulfur  
0.0001–0.01  
Titanium  
0.0001–6.0  
Tungsten  
0.01–5.0  
Vanadium  
0.0005–1.0  
1.2 The following elements may be determined using this method.    
Element  
Quantification Range (μg/g)  
Antimony  
0.5–50  
Bismuth  
0.1–11  
Gallium  
2.9–54  
Lead  
0.4–21  
Silver  
1–35  
Tin  
2.2–97  
Thallium  
0.5–3.0  
1.3 This method has only been interlaboratory tested for the elements and ranges specified. It may be possible to extend this method to other elements or different composition ranges provided that method validation that includes evaluation of method sensitivity, precision, and bias as described in this document is performed. Additionally, the validation study must evaluate the acceptability of sample preparation methodology using reference materials and/or spike recoveries. The user is cautioned to carefully evaluate the validation data as to the intended purpose of the analytical results. Guide E2857 provides additional guidance on method validation.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 9.

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