E01.08 - Ni and Co and High Temperature Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality. The analytical performance data included may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular spectrometer has changed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of nickel and cobalt based alloys by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for determination of the following elements:    
Element  
Composition Range  
Aluminum  
0.0X to X.XX  
Chromium  
0.XX to XX.XX  
Copper  
0.0X to XX.XX  
Cobalt  
0.XX to XX.XX  
Hafnium  
0.0X to 0.XX  
Iron  
0.XX to XX.XX  
Manganese  
0.XX to X.XX  
Molybdenum  
0.0X to XX.XX  
Nickel  
XX.XX to XX.XX  
Niobium  
0.XX to X.XX  
Phosphorus  
0.00X to 0.0XX  
Silicon  
0.0X to 0.XX  
Tantalum  
0.00X to X.XX  
Titanium  
0.XX to X.XX  
Tungsten  
0.XX to X.XX  
Vanadium  
0.00X to 0.XX  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This method has been interlaboratory tested for the elements and quantification ranges specified in 1.1. The ranges in 1.1 indicate intervals within which results have been demonstrated to be quantitative by the interlaboratory study. It may be possible to extend this method to other elements or different composition ranges provided that a method validation study as described in Guide E2857 is performed and that the results of this study show that the method extension is meeting laboratory data quality objectives.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of nickel alloys is primarily intended to test material for compliance with compositional specifications such as those under jurisdiction of Committee B02. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.  
5.2 It is assumed that all who use this method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely, and that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.  
5.3 It is expected that laboratories using this method will prepare their own work instructions. These work instructions will include detailed operating instructions for the specific laboratory including information such as applicable analytical methods, drift correction (standardization) protocols, verifiers, and performance acceptance criteria.
SCOPE
1.1 This method describes the spark atomic emission spectrometric (Spark-AES) analysis of nickel alloys, such as those specified by Committee B02, having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Application Range (Mass Fraction, %)  
Aluminum  
0.005-6.00  
Boron  
0.001-0.10  
Carbon  
0.005-0.15  
Chromium  
0.01-33.00  
Copper  
0.01-35.00  
Cobalt  
0.01-25.00  
Iron  
0.05-55.00  
Magnesium  
0.001-0.020  
Manganese  
0.01-1.00  
Molybdenum  
0.01-35.00  
Niobium  
0.01-6.0  
Nickel  
25.00-100.0  
Phosphorous  
0.001-0.025  
Silicon  
0.01-1.50  
Sulfur  
0.0001-0.01  
Titanium  
0.0001-6.0  
Tantalum  
0.01-0.15  
Tin  
0.001-0.020  
Tungsten  
0.01-5.0  
Vanadium  
0.0005-1.0  
Zirconium  
0.01-0.10  
1.2 The following elements may be determined using this method.    
Element  
Quantification Range (Mass Fraction, %)  
Aluminum  
0.010-1.50  
Boron  
0.004-0.025  
Carbon  
0.014-0.15  
Chromium  
0.09-20.0  
Cobalt  
0.05-14.00  
Copper  
0.03-0.6  
Iron  
0.17-20  
Magnesium  
0.001-0.03  
Manganese  
0.04-0.6  
Molybdenum  
0.07-5.0  
Niobium  
0.02-5.5  
Phosphorous  
0.005-0.020  
Silicon  
0.07-0.6  
Sulfur  
0.002-0.005  
Tantalum  
0.025-0.15  
Tin  
0.001-0.02  
Titanium  
0.025-3.2  
Tungsten  
0.02-0.10  
Vanadium  
0.005-0.25  
Zirconium  
0.01-0.05  
1.3 This method has been interlaboratory tested for the elements and quantification ranges specified in 1.2. The ranges in 1.2 indicate intervals within which results have been demonstrated to be quantitative. It may be possible to extend this method to other elements or different composition ranges provided that a method validation study as described in Guide E2857 is performed and that the results of this study show that the method extension is meeting laboratory data quality objectives. Supplemental data on other elements not included in the scope are found in the supplemental data tables of the Precision and Bias section.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 9.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of Committee B02 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the chemical analysis of nickel, cobalt, and high-temperature alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.005  
to  
7.00  
Beryllium  
0.001  
to  
0.05  
Boron  
0.001  
to  
1.00  
Calcium  
0.002  
to  
0.05  
Carbon  
0.001  
to  
1.10  
Chromium  
0.10  
to  
33.00  
Cobalt  
0.10  
to  
75.00  
Copper  
0.01  
to  
35.00  
Iron  
0.01  
to  
50.00  
Lead  
0.001  
to  
0.01  
Magnesium  
0.001  
to  
0.05  
Manganese  
0.01  
to  
3.0  
Molybdenum  
0.01  
to  
30.0  
Niobium (Columbium)  
0.01  
to  
6.0  
Nickel  
0.10  
to  
98.0  
Nitrogen  
0.001  
to  
0.20  
Phosphorus  
0.002  
to  
0.08  
Sulfur  
0.002  
to  
0.10  
Silicon  
0.01  
to  
5.00  
Tantalum  
0.005  
to  
1.00  
Tin  
0.002  
to  
0.10  
Titanium  
0.01  
to  
5.00  
Tungsten  
0.01  
to  
18.00  
Vanadium  
0.01  
to  
3.25  
Zinc  
0.001  
to  
0.01  
Zirconium  
0.01  
to  
2.50  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated as follows:    
Aluminum, Total by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method
(0.20 % to 7.00 %)  
53 to 60  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method
(0.018 % to 1.00 %)  
91 to 100  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method
(0.10 % to 33.00 %)  
101 to 109  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange-Potentiometric Titration Method
(2 % to 75 %)  
25 to 32  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method
(0.10 % to 5.0 %)  
33 to 42  
Copper by Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method
(0.010 % to 10.00 %)  
43 to 52  
Iron by the Silver Reduction Titrimetric Method
(1.0 % to 50.0 %)  
118 to 125  
Manganese by the Metaperiodate Spectrophotometric Method
(0.05 % to 2.00 %)  
8 to 17  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange—8-Hydroxyquinoline
Gravimetric Method (1.5 % to 30 %)  
110 to 117  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method
(0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
79 to 90  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method
(0.1 % to 84.0 %)  
61 to 68  
Niobium by the Ion Exchange—Cupferron Gravimetric Method
(0.5 % to 6.0 %)  
126 to 133  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 5.00 %)  
18 to 24  
Tantalum by the Ion Exchange—Pyrogallol Spectrophotometric
Method (0.03 % to 1.0 %)  
134 to 142  
Tin by the Solvent Extraction-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
69 to 78  
1.3 Other test methods applicable to the analysis of nickel alloys that may be used in lieu of or in addition to this method are E1019, E1834, E1835, E1917, E1938, E2465, E2594, E2823.  
1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for the analysis of nickel alloy samples by FAAS to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed such as those described in Guide E882.  
5.2 Interlaboratory Studies (ILS)5, 6—International interlaboratory studies were conducted by ISO/TC 155/SC4, Analysis of nickel alloys. Results were evaluated in accordance with ISO 5725:1986 and restated to conform to Practice E1601. The method was published as ISO 7530, Parts 1 through 9. The published ISO statistics are summarized separately for each analyte to correspond with Practice E1601.  
5.3 In this test method, some matrix modifiers are specified. However, other additives have come into common use since the original publication of this test method. These may be equally or more effective but have not been tested. It is the responsibility of the user to validate the use of such additives or the use of different dilutions, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers analysis of nickel alloys by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for the following elements:    
Element  
Compostiton Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.2 to 4.0  
Chromium  
0.01 to 4.0  
Cobalt  
0.01 to 4.0  
Copper  
0.01 to 4.0  
Iron  
0.1 to 4.0  
Manganese  
0.1 to 4.0  
Silicon  
0.2 to 1.0  
Vanadium  
0.05 to 1.0  
1.2 The composition ranges of these elements can be expanded by the use of appropriate standards.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method, see Practices E50 and the warning statements included in this test method.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of nickel alloys is primarily intended to test material for compliance with specifications such as those under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.  
5.2 It is assumed that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely, and that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.  
5.3 This is a performance-based test method that relies more on the demonstrated quality of the test result than on strict adherence to specific procedural steps. It is expected that laboratories using this test method will prepare their own work instructions. These work instructions will include detailed operating instructions for the specific laboratory, the specific reference materials employed, and performance acceptance criteria. It is also expected that, when applicable, each laboratory will participate in proficiency test programs, such as described in Practice E2027, and that the results from the participating laboratory will be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric analysis of nickel alloys, such as specified by Committee B02, and having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Application Range (%)  
Aluminum  
0.01–1.00  
Boron  
0.001–0.050  
Calcium  
0.001–0.05  
Carbon  
0.10–0.20  
Chromium  
0.01–33.0  
Cobalt  
0.10–20.0  
Copper  
0.01–3.00  
Iron  
0.01–50.0  
Lead  
0.001–0.01  
Magnesium  
0.0001–0.100  
Manganese  
0.01–3.0  
Molybdenum  
0.01–30.0  
Niobium  
0.01–6.0  
Nickel  
25.0–80.0  
Nitrogen  
0.001–0.20  
Oxygen  
0.0001–0.003  
Phosphorous  
0.001–0.030  
Sulfur  
0.0001–0.010  
Silicon  
0.01–1.50  
Tantalum  
0.005–0.10  
Tin  
0.001–0.020  
Titanium  
0.001–6.0  
Tungsten  
0.01–5.0  
Vanadium  
0.01–1.0  
Zirconium  
0.01–0.10  
1.2 The following elements may be determined using this test method. The test method user should carefully evaluate the precision and bias statements of this test method to determine applicability of the test method for the intended use.    
Element  
Quantification Range (%)  
Aluminum  
0.060–1.40  
Boron  
0.002–0.020  
Calcium  
0.001–0.003  
Copper  
0.010–0.52  
Magnesium  
0.001–0.10  
Manganese  
0.002–0.65  
Niobium  
0.020–5.5  
Phosphorous  
0.004–0.030  
Tantalum  
0.010–0.050  
Tin  
0.002–0.018  
Titanium  
0.020–3.1  
Tungsten  
0.007–0.11  
Vanadium  
0.010–0.50  
Zirconium  
0.002–0.10  
1.3 This test method has only been interlaboratory tested for the elements and ranges specified. It may be possible to extend this test method to other elements or different quantification ranges provided that method validation is performed that includes evaluation of method sensitivity, precision, and bias as described in this document. Additionally, the validation study must evaluate the acceptability of sample preparation methodology using reference materials or spike recoveries, or both. The user is cautioned to carefully evaluate the validation data against the laboratory’s data quality objectives. Method validation of scope extensions is also a requirement of ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 8.2.6.3 and safety hazard statements are given i...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is primarily intended to test material for compliance with specifications such as those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Technical Committee B02 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.  
5.2 It is assumed that users of this test method shall be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely, and that the work shall be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.  
5.3 This is a performance-based method that relies more on the demonstrated quality of the test result than on strict adherence to specific procedural steps. It is expected that laboratories using this test method shall prepare their own work instructions. These work instructions shall include detailed operating instructions for the specific laboratory, the specific reference materials employed, and the performance acceptance criteria. It is also expected that, when applicable, each laboratory shall participate in proficiency test programs, such as described in Practice E2027, and that the results from the participating laboratory shall be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric analysis of nickel, such as specified by ASTM Committee B02, and having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Application Range
(Mass Fraction %)  
Aluminum  
0. 01 - 6.00  
Boron  
0. 01 - 0.10  
Carbon  
0. 01 - 0.15  
Chromium  
0. 01 - 33.00  
Copper  
0.01 - 35.00  
Cobalt  
0. 01 - 20.00  
Iron  
0.05 - 50.00  
Magnesium  
0. 01 - 0.020  
Molybdenum  
0. 01 - 30.0  
Niobium  
0. 01 - 6.0  
Nickel  
25.00 - 100.0  
Phosphorous  
0.001 - 0.025  
Silicon  
0.01 - 1.50    
Sulfur  
0.0001 - 0.01    
Titanium  
0.0001 - 6.0    
Tungsten  
0.01 - 5.0    
Vanadium  
0.0005 - 1.0  
1.2 The following elements may be determined using this test method:    
Element  
Quantification Range (μg/g)  
Bismuth  
0.2 - 3  
Lead  
0.6 - 12  
Selenium  
0.7 - 10  
Tellurium  
0.4 - 6  
1.3 This test method has only been interlaboratory-tested for the elements and ranges specified. It may be possible to extend this test method to other elements or different concentration ranges provided that a test method validation study that includes an instrument performance evaluation as described in Practice E1770 is performed. Additionally, the validation study shall evaluate the acceptability of sample preparation methodology using reference materials or spike recoveries, or both. The user is cautioned to carefully evaluate the validation data as to the intended purpose of the analytical results.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements see 8.2.4.2 and 9.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for the determination of phosphorus in nickel, ferronickel, and nickel alloy samples by molecular absorption spectrometry to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed, such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of phosphorus in nickel, ferronickel, and nickel alloys in the range 0.0007 % to 0.05 %.  
1.2 Arsenic, chromium, hafnium, niobium, silicon, tantalum, titanium, and tungsten interfere, but the interference can be avoided by complexation or volatilization (for chromium). The lowest phosphorus content (0.0007 %) can be reached only in samples with low contents of interfering elements.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method see Practices E50. Refer to specific warning notes given throughout this test method.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for the determination of titanium in nickel alloy samples by molecular absorption spectrometry to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of titanium in nickel alloys in the range 0.3 % to 5.0 %. With appropriate reference materials, the test method may be extended down to 0.05 %.  
1.2 Molybdenum, if present, may cause a high bias to the extent of 0.001 % titanium for every 1 % molybdenum.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method, see Practices E50.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are primarily intended to test refined nickel metal for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the analytical work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods apply to the chemical analysis of refined nickel and other forms of metallic nickel having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Mass Fraction, %  
Antimony, less than  
0.005  
Arsenic, less than  
0.005  
Bismuth, less than  
0.01  
Cadmium, less than  
0.0025  
Carbon, max  
0.03  
Cobalt, max  
1.00  
Copper, max  
1.00  
Hydrogen, max  
0.003  
Iron, max  
0.15  
Lead, less than  
0.01  
Manganese, less than  
0.20  
Nickel, min  
98.0  
Nitrogen, less than  
0.50  
Oxygen, less than  
0.03  
Phosphorus, less than  
0.005  
Selenium, less than  
0.0010  
Silicon, less than  
0.005  
Silver, less than  
0.01  
Sulfur, max  
0.01  
Tellurium, less than  
0.0010  
Thallium, less than  
0.0010  
Tin, less than  
0.005  
Zinc, less than  
0.015  
1.2 These test methods may be used to determine the following elements by the methods indicated below:    
Test Methods  
Sections  
Antimony, Arsenic, Bismuth, Cadmium, Lead, Selenium, Silver, Tellurium, Tin, and Thallium by the Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Method  
21 – 31  
Bismuth, Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Silver, and Zinc by the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Method  
9 – 20  
Sulfur by the Methylene Blue Spectrophotometric Method After Generation of Hydrogen Sulfide  
32 – 42  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see Section 6.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of nickel and nickel alloys is primarily intended to test material for compliance with specifications such as those under jurisdiction of ASTM committee B02. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.  
5.2 It is assumed that all who use this method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely, and that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.  
5.3 This is a performance-based method that relies more on the demonstrated quality of the test result than on strict adherence to specific procedural steps. It is expected that laboratories using this method will prepare their own work instructions. These work instructions will include detailed operating instructions for the specific laboratory, the specific reference materials employed, and performance acceptance criteria. It is also expected that, when applicable, each laboratory will participate in proficiency test programs, such as described in Practice E2027, and that the results from the participating laboratory will be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric analysis of nickel and nickel allys, as specified by Committee B02, and having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Application Range (Mass Fraction %)  
Aluminum  
0. 01–6.00  
Boron  
0. 01–0.10  
Carbon  
0. 01–0.15  
Chromium  
0. 01–33.00  
Copper  
0.01–35.00  
Cobalt  
0. 01–20.00  
Iron  
0.05–50.00  
Magnesium  
0. 01–0.020  
Molybdenum  
0. 01–30.0  
Niobium  
0. 01–6.0  
Nickel  
25.00–100.0  
Phosphorous  
0.001–0.025  
Silicon  
0.01–1.50  
Sulfur  
0.0001–0.01  
Titanium  
0.0001–6.0  
Tungsten  
0.01–5.0  
Vanadium  
0.0005–1.0  
1.2 The following elements may be determined using this method.    
Element  
Quantification Range (μg/g)  
Antimony  
0.5–50  
Bismuth  
0.1–11  
Gallium  
2.9–54  
Lead  
0.4–21  
Silver  
1–35  
Tin  
2.2–97  
Thallium  
0.5–3.0  
1.3 This method has only been interlaboratory tested for the elements and ranges specified. It may be possible to extend this method to other elements or different composition ranges provided that method validation that includes evaluation of method sensitivity, precision, and bias as described in this document is performed. Additionally, the validation study must evaluate the acceptability of sample preparation methodology using reference materials and/or spike recoveries. The user is cautioned to carefully evaluate the validation data as to the intended purpose of the analytical results. Guide E2857 provides additional guidance on method validation.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 9.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality. The analytical performance data included may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular spectrometer has changed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of Ni-base alloys by wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for the determination of the following elements:    
Element  
Composition Range  
Manganese  
0.06 % to 1.6 %  
Phosphorus  
0.008 % to 0.015 %  
Silicon  
0.08 % to 0.6 %  
Chromium  
1.6 % to 22 %  
Nickel  
23 % to 77 %  
Aluminum  
0.20 % to 1.3 %  
Molybdenum  
0.03 % to 10 %  
Copper  
0.007 % to 2.5 %  
Titanium  
0.11 % to 3.0 %  
Niobium  
0.55 % to 5.3 %  
Iron  
0.17 % to 46 %  
Tungsten  
0.06 % to 0.50 %  
Cobalt  
0.04 % to 0.35 %
Note 1: Unless exceptions are noted, ranges can be extended by the use of suitable reference materials. Once these element ranges are extended they must be verified by some experimental means. This could include but not limited to Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility studies, Interlaboratory Round Robin studies, or both. Once these studies are completed, they will satisfy the ISO/IEC 17025 requirements for capability.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of nickel alloys is primarily intended to test material for compliance with compositional specifications such as those under jurisdiction of ASTM committee B02. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.  
5.2 It is assumed that all who use this method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely, and that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.  
5.3 It is expected that laboratories using this method will prepare their own work instructions. These work instructions will include detailed operating instructions for the specific laboratory including information such as applicable analytical methods, drift correction (standardization) protocols, verifiers, and performance acceptance criteria.
SCOPE
1.1 This method describes the spark atomic emission spectrometric (Spark-AES) analysis of nickel alloys, such as those specified by committee B02, having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Application Range (Mass Fraction, %)  
Aluminum  
0.005-6.00  
Boron  
0.001-0.10  
Carbon  
0.005-0.15  
Chromium  
0.01-33.00  
Copper  
0.01-35.00  
Cobalt  
0.01-25.00  
Iron  
0.05-55.00  
Magnesium  
0.001-0.020  
Manganese  
0.01-1.00  
Molybdenum  
0.01-35.00  
Niobium  
0.01-6.0  
Nickel  
25.00-100.0  
Phosphorous  
0.001-0.025  
Silicon  
0.01-1.50  
Sulfur  
0.0001-0.01  
Titanium  
0.0001-6.0  
Tantalum  
0.01-0.15  
Tin  
0.001-0.020  
Tungsten  
0.01-5.0  
Vanadium  
0.0005-1.0  
Zirconium  
0.01-0.10  
1.2 The following elements may be determined using this method.    
Element  
Quantification Range (Mass Fraction, %)  
Aluminum  
0.010-1.50  
Boron  
0.004-0.025  
Carbon  
0.014-0.15  
Chromium  
0.09-20.0  
Cobalt  
0.05-14.00  
Copper  
0.03-0.6  
Iron  
0.17-20  
Magnesium  
0.001-0.03  
Manganese  
0.04-0.6  
Molybdenum  
0.07-5.0  
Niobium  
0.02-5.5  
Phosphorous  
0.005-0.020  
Silicon  
0.07-0.6  
Sulfur  
0.002-0.005  
Tantalum  
0.025-0.15  
Tin  
0.001-0.02  
Titanium  
0.025-3.2  
Tungsten  
0.02-0.10  
Vanadium  
0.005-0.25  
Zirconium  
0.01-0.05  
1.3 This method has been interlaboratory tested for the elements and quantification ranges specified in section 1.2. The ranges in section 1.2 indicate intervals within which results have been demonstrated to be quantitative. It may be possible to extend this method to other elements or different composition ranges provided that a method validation study as described in Guide E2857 is performed and that the results of this study show that the method extension is meeting laboratory data quality objectives. Supplemental data on other elements not included in the scope are found in the supplemental data tables of the Precision and Bias section.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 9.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the chemical analysis of nickel, cobalt and high-temperature alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.005  
to  
7.00  
Beryllium  
0.001  
to  
0.05  
Boron  
0.001  
to  
1.00  
Calcium  
0.002  
to  
0.05  
Carbon  
0.001  
to  
1.10  
Chromium  
0.10  
to  
33.00  
Cobalt  
0.10  
to  
75.00  
Copper  
0.01  
to  
35.00  
Iron  
0.01  
to  
50.00  
Lead  
0.001  
to  
0.01  
Magnesium  
0.001  
to  
0.05  
Manganese  
0.01  
to  
3.0  
Molybdenum  
0.01  
to  
30.0  
Niobium (Columbium)  
0.01  
to  
6.0  
Nickel  
0.10  
to  
98.0  
Nitrogen  
0.001  
to  
0.20  
Phosphorus  
0.002  
to  
0.08  
Sulfur  
0.002  
to  
0.10  
Silicon  
0.01  
to  
5.00  
Tantalum  
0.005  
to  
1.00  
Tin  
0.002  
to  
0.10  
Titanium  
0.01  
to  
5.00  
Tungsten  
0.01  
to  
18.00  
Vanadium  
0.01  
to  
3.25  
Zinc  
0.001  
to  
0.01  
Zirconium  
0.01  
to  
2.50  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated as follows:    
Aluminum, Total by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method
(0.20 % to 7.00 %)  
53 to 60  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method
(0.018 % to 1.00 %)  
91 to 100  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method
(0.10 % to 33.00 %)  
101 to 109  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange-Potentiometric Titration Method
(2 % to 75 %)  
25 to 32  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method
(0.10 % to 5.0 %)  
33 to 42  
Copper by Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method
(0.010 % to 10.00 %)  
43 to 52  
Iron by the Silver Reduction Titrimetric Method
(1.0 % to 50.0 %)  
118 to 125  
Manganese by the Metaperiodate Spectrophotometric Method
(0.05 % to 2.00 %)  
8 to 17  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange—8-Hydroxyquinoline
Gravimetric Method (1.5 % to 30 %)  
110 to 117  
Molybdenum by the Spectrophotometric Method
(0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
79 to 90  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method
(0.1 % to 84.0 %)  
61 to 68  
Niobium by the Ion Exchange—Cupferron Gravimetric Method
(0.5 % to 6.0 %)  
126 to 133  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 5.00 %)  
18 to 24  
Tantalum by the Ion Exchange—Pyrogallol Spectrophotometric
Method (0.03 % to 1.0 %)  
134 to 142  
Tin by the Solvent Extraction-Atomic Absorption Method
(0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
69 to 78  
1.3 Other test methods applicable to the analysis of nickel alloys that may be used in lieu of or in addition to this method are Test Methods E1019, E1834, E1835, E1917, E1938, E2465, E2594, E2823.  
1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too broad ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for the analysis of nickel alloy samples by FAAS to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed such as those described in Guide E882.  
5.2 Interlaboratory Studies (ILS)5, 6—International interlaboratory studies were conducted by ISO/TC 155/SC4, Analysis of nickel alloys. Results were evaluated in accordance with ISO 5725:1986 and restated to conform to Practice E1601. The method was published as ISO 7530, Parts 1 through 9. The published ISO statistics are summarized separately for each analyte to correspond with Practice E1601.  
5.3 In this test method, some matrix modifiers are specified. However, other additives have come into common use since the original publication of this test method. These may be equally or more effective but have not been tested. It is the responsibility of the user to validate the use of such additives or the use of different dilutions, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers analysis of nickel alloys by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for the following elements:    
Element  
Compostiton Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.2 to 4.0  
Chromium  
0.01 to 4.0  
Cobalt  
0.01 to 4.0  
Copper  
0.01 to 4.0  
Iron  
0.1 to 4.0  
Manganese  
0.1 to 4.0  
Silicon  
0.2 to 1.0  
Vanadium  
0.05 to 1.0  
1.2 The composition ranges of these elements can be expanded by the use of appropriate standards.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method, see Practices E50 and the warning statements included in this test method.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of nickel alloys is primarily intended to test material for compliance with specifications such as those under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.  
5.2 It is assumed that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely, and that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.  
5.3 This is a performance-based test method that relies more on the demonstrated quality of the test result than on strict adherence to specific procedural steps. It is expected that laboratories using this test method will prepare their own work instructions. These work instructions will include detailed operating instructions for the specific laboratory, the specific reference materials employed, and performance acceptance criteria. It is also expected that, when applicable, each laboratory will participate in proficiency test programs, such as described in Practice E2027, and that the results from the participating laboratory will be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric analysis of nickel alloys, such as specified by Committee B02, and having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Application
Range (%)  
Aluminum  
0.01–1.00  
Boron  
0.001–0.050  
Calcium  
0.001–0.05  
Carbon  
0.10–0.20  
Chromium  
0.01–33.0  
Cobalt  
0.10–20.0  
Copper  
0.01–3.00  
Iron  
0.01–50.0  
Lead  
0.001–0.01  
Magnesium  
0.0001–0.100  
Manganese  
0.01–3.0  
Molybdenum  
0.01–30.0  
Niobium  
0.01–6.0  
Nickel  
25.0–80.0  
Nitrogen  
0.001–0.20  
Oxygen  
0.0001–0.003  
Phosphorous  
0.001–0.030  
Sulfur  
0.0001–0.010  
Silicon  
0.01–1.50  
Tantalum  
0.005–0.10  
Tin  
0.001–0.020  
Titanium  
0.001–6.0  
Tungsten  
0.01–5.0  
Vanadium  
0.01–1.0  
Zirconium  
0.01–0.10
1.2 The following elements may be determined using this test method. The test method user should carefully evaluate the precision and bias statements of this test method to determine applicability of the test method for the intended use.    
Element  
Quantification
Range (%)  
Aluminum  
0.060–1.40  
Boron  
0.002–0.020  
Calcium  
0.001–0.003  
Copper  
0.010–0.52  
Magnesium  
0.001–0.10  
Manganese  
0.002–0.65  
Niobium  
0.020–5.5  
Phosphorous  
0.004–0.030  
Tantalum  
0.010–0.050  
Tin  
0.002–0.018  
Titanium  
0.020–3.1  
Tungsten  
0.007–0.11  
Vanadium  
0.010–0.50  
Zirconium  
0.002–0.10
1.3 This test method has only been interlaboratory tested for the elements and ranges specified. It may be possible to extend this test method to other elements or different concentration ranges provided that method validation is performed that includes evaluation of method sensitivity, precision, and bias as described in this document. Additionally, the validation study must evaluate the acceptability of sample preparation methodology using reference materials or spike recoveries, or both. The user is cautioned to carefully evaluate the validation data against the laboratory’s data quality objectives. Method validation of scope extensions is also a requirement of ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 8.2.6.3 and safety hazard statements are given in Section 9.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for the determination of titanium in nickel alloy samples by molecular absorption spectrometry to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of titanium in nickel alloys in the range 0.3 % to 5.0 %. With appropriate reference materials, the test method may be extended down to 0.05 %.  
1.2 Molybdenum, if present, may cause a high bias to the extent of 0.001 % titanium for every 1 % molybdenum.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method, see Practices E50.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for the determination of phosphorus in nickel, ferronickel, and nickel alloy samples by molecular absorption spectrometry to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed, such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of phosphorus in nickel, ferronickel, and nickel alloys in the range 0.0007 % to 0.05 %.  
1.2 Arsenic, chromium, hafnium, niobium, silicon, tantalum, titanium, and tungsten interfere, but the interference can be avoided by complexation or volatilization (for chromium). The lowest phosphorus content (0.0007 %) can be reached only in samples with low contents of interfering elements.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method see Practices E50. Refer to specific warning notes given throughout this test method.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality. The analytical performance data included may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular spectrometer has changed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of Ni-base alloys by wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for the determination of the following elements:
Element  
Composition Range  
Manganese  
0.06 % to 1.6 %  
Phosphorus  
0.008 % to 0.015 %  
Silicon  
0.08 % to 0.6 %  
Chromium  
1.6 % to 22 %  
Nickel  
23 % to 77 %  
Aluminum  
0.20 % to 1.3 %  
Molybdenum  
0.03 % to 10 %  
Copper  
0.007 % to 2.5 %  
Titanium  
0.11 % to 3.0 %  
Niobium  
0.55 % to 5.3 %  
Iron  
0.17 % to 46 %  
Tungsten  
0.06 % to 0.50 %  
Cobalt  
0.04 % to 0.35 %
Note 1—Unless exceptions are noted, concentration ranges can be extended by the use of suitable reference materials. Once these element ranges are extended they must be verified by some experimental means. This could include but not limited to Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility studies and/or Inter-laboratory Round Robin studies. Once these studies are completed, they will satisfy the ISO 17025 requirements for capability.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is primarily intended to test material for compliance with specifications such as those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Technical Committee B02 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.
It is assumed that users of this test method shall be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely, and that the work shall be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
This is a performance-based method that relies more on the demonstrated quality of the test result than on strict adherence to specific procedural steps. It is expected that laboratories using this test method shall prepare their own work instructions. These work instructions shall include detailed operating instructions for the specific laboratory, the specific reference materials employed, and the performance acceptance criteria. It is also expected that, when applicable, each laboratory shall participate in proficiency test programs, such as described in Practice E2027, and that the results from the participating laboratory shall be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric analysis of nickel, such as specified by ASTM Committee B02, and having chemical compositions within the following limits:  ElementApplication Range (Wt. %) Aluminum0. 01 - 6.00 Boron0. 01 - 0.10 Carbon0. 01 - 0.15 Chromium0. 01 - 33.00 Copper 0.01 - 35.00 Cobalt0. 01 - 20.00 Iron 0.05 - 50.00 Magnesium0. 01 - 0.020 Molybdenum0. 01 - 30.0 Niobium0. 01 - 6.0 Nickel25.00 - 100.0 Phosphorous0.001 - 0.025 Silicon0.01 - 1.50  Sulfur0.0001 - 0.01  Titanium 0.0001 - 6.0  Tungsten0.01 - 5.0  Vanadium0.0005 - 1.0
1.2 The following elements may be determined using this test method: ElementQuantification Range (μg/g) Bismuth 0.2 - 3 Lead0.6 - 12 Selenium0.7 - 10 Tellurium0.4 - 6
1.3 This test method has only been interlaboratory-tested for the elements and ranges specified. It may be possible to extend this test method to other elements or different concentration ranges provided that a test method validation study that includes an instrument performance evaluation as described in Practice E1770 is performed. Additionally, the validation study shall evaluate the acceptability of sample preparation methodology using reference materials or spike recoveries, or both. The user is cautioned to carefully evaluate the validation data as to the intended purpose of the analytical results.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements see Note 2 and Section 9.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method for the chemical analysis of nickel alloys is primarily intended to test material for compliance with specifications such as those under jurisdiction of ASTM committee B02. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.
It is assumed that all who use this method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely, and that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
This is a performance-based method that relies more on the demonstrated quality of the test result than on strict adherence to specific procedural steps. It is expected that laboratories using this method will prepare their own work instructions. These work instructions will include detailed operating instructions for the specific laboratory, the specific reference materials employed, and performance acceptance criteria. It is also expected that, when applicable, each laboratory will participate in proficiency test programs, such as described in Practice E2027, and that the results from the participating laboratory will be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric analysis of nickel, as specified by Committee B02, and having chemical compositions within the following limits: ElementApplication Range (Wt. %) Aluminum0. 01–6.00 Boron0. 01–0.10 Carbon0. 01–0.15 Chromium0. 01–33.00 Copper0.01–35.00 Cobalt0. 01–20.00 Iron0.05–50.00 Magnesium0. 01–0.020 Molybdenum0. 01–30.0 Niobium0. 01–6.0 Nickel25.00–100.0 Phosphorous0.001–0.025 Silicon0.01–1.50 Sulfur0.0001–0.01 Titanium0.0001–6.0 Tungsten0.01–5.0 Vanadium0.0005–1.0
1.2 The following elements may be determined using this method. ElementQuantification Range (μg/g) Antimony0.5–50 Bismuth0.1–11 Gallium2.9–54 Lead0.4–21 Silver1–35 Tin2.2–97 Thallium0.5–3.0
1.3 This method has only been interlaboratory tested for the elements and ranges specified. It may be possible to extend this method to other elements or different composition ranges provided that method validation that includes evaluation of method sensitivity, precision, and bias as described in this document is performed. Additionally, the validation study must evaluate the acceptability of sample preparation methodology using reference materials and/or spike recoveries. The user is cautioned to carefully evaluate the validation data as to the intended purpose of the analytical results.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 9.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality. The analytical performance data included may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular spectrometer has changed.SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of Ni-base alloys by wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for the determination of the following elements:

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality. The analytical performance data included may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular spectrometer has changed.SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of Ni-base alloys by wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for the determination of the following elements:

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are primarily intended to test refined nickel metal for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the analytical work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods apply to the chemical analysis of refined nickel and other forms of metallic nickel having chemical compositions within the following limits:

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used for the analysis of nickel alloy samples by FAAS to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed such as those described in Guide E 882.
Interlaboratory Studies (ILS) ,  —International interlaboratory studies were conducted by ISO/TC 155/SC4, Analysis of nickel alloys. Results were evaluated in accordance with ISO 5725:1986 and restated to conform to Practice E 1601. The method was published as ISO 7530, Parts 1 through 9. The published ISO statistics are summarized separately for each analyte to correspond with Practice E 1601.
In this test method, some matrix modifiers are specified. However, other additives have come into common use since the original publication of this test method. These may be equally or more effective but have not been tested. It is the responsibility of the user to validate the use of such additives or the use of different dilutions, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers analysis of nickel alloys by flame atomic absorption spectrometric analysis (FAAS) for the following elements:
ElementConcentration Range, %  Aluminum0.2 to 4.0 Chromium0.01 to 4.0 Cobalt0.01 to 4.0 Copper0.01 to 4.0 Iron0.1 to 4.0 Manganese0.1 to 4.0 Silicon0.2 to 1.0 Vanadium0.05 to 1.0
1.2 The concentration range of these elements can be expanded by the use of appropriate standards.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method, see Practices E 50 and the warning statements included in this test method.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used for the determination of trace levels of lead in nickel alloys by GF-AAS to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that the procedure will be performed by trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory practices skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed such as those described in Guide E 882.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of lead in nickel alloys in the concentration range 0.00005 % to 0.001 % by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS).
Note 1—If this test method is used to test materials having contents less than 0.0001 % lead, users in different laboratories may experience more than the usual 5 % risk that their results will differ by more than 50 % relative error.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method, see Practices E 50.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E 882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the chemical analysis of nickel, cobalt, and high-temperature alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:
ElementConcentration Range, % Aluminum0.005 to 7.00 Beryllium0.001 to 0.05 Boron0.001 to 1.00 Calcium0.002 to 0.05 Carbon0.001 to 1.10 Chromium0.10 to 33.00 Cobalt0.10 to 75.00 Copper0.01 to 35.00 Iron0.01 to 50.00 Lead0.001 to 0.01 Magnesium0.001 to 0.05 Manganese0.01 to 3.0  Molybdenum0.01 to 30.0  Niobium (Columbium)0.01 to 6.0  Nickel0.10 to 98.0  Nitrogen0.001 to 0.20 Phosphorus0.002 to 0.08 Sulfur0.002 to 0.10 Silicon0.01 to 5.00 Tantalum0.005 to 1.00 Tin0.002 to 0.10 Titanium0.01 to 5.00 Tungsten0.01 to 18.00 Vanadium0.01 to 3.25 Zinc0.001 to 0.01 Zirconium0.01 to 2.50
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated as follows:
Sections Aluminum, Total by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method
(0.20 % to 7.00 %) 62 to 69 Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method
(0.018 % to 1.00 %) 100 to 109 Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method
(0.10 % to 33.00 %) 110 to 118 Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange-Potentiometric Titration Method
(2 % to 75 %) 34 to 41 Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Photometric Method
(0.10 % to 5.0 %) 42 to 51 Copper by Neocuproine Photometric Method (0.010 % to 10.00 %) 52 to 61 Iron by the Silver Reduction Titrimetric Method
(1.0 % to 50.0 %) 127 to 134 Manganese by the Metaperiodate Photometric Method (0.05 % to
2.00 %) 8 to 17 Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange—8-Hydroxyquinoline
Gravimetric Method (1.5 % to 30 %) 119 to 126 Molybdenum by the Photometric Method
(0.01 % to 1.50 %) 88 to 99 Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method
(0.1 % to 84.0 %) 70 to 77 Niobium by the Ion Exchange—Cupferron Gravimetric Method
(0.5 % to 6.0 %)135 to 142 Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 5.00 %) 27 to 33 Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method
(0.006 % to 0.1 %) 18 to 26 Tantalum by the Ion Exchange—Pyrogallol Spectrophotometric
Method (0.03 % to 1.0 %)143 to 151 Tin by the Solvent Extraction-Atomic Absorption Method
(0.002 % to 0.10 %) 78 to 87
1.3 Methods for the determination of several elements not included in these test methods can be found in Test Methods E 30, E 76, and E 1019.
1.4 Some of the concentration ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single method, and therefore, these test methods contain multiple methods for some elements. The user must select the proper test method by matching the information given in the scope and interference sections of each test method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. In some cases, exceptions allowed in Practice E 380 are also used.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7 and in 13.4, 29.1, 66.3, 123.5, 124.14, 139.4, 139.5, 147.5, and 147.6.  
8.1 This test method covers the determination of manganese in concentrations from 0.05 % to 2.00 %.  
18.1 This test method covers the determination of sul...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method for the chemical analysis of nickel alloys is primarily intended to test material for compliance with specifications such as those under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02. It may also be used to test compliance with other specifications that are compatible with the test method.
It is assumed that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely, and that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
This is a performance-based test method that relies more on the demonstrated quality of the test result than on strict adherence to specific procedural steps. It is expected that laboratories using this test method will prepare their own work instructions. These work instructions will include detailed operating instructions for the specific laboratory, the specific reference materials employed, and performance acceptance criteria. It is also expected that, when applicable, each laboratory will participate in proficiency test programs, such as described in Practice E 2027, and that the results from the participating laboratory will be satisfactory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric analysis of nickel alloys, such as specified by Committee B02, and having chemical compositions within the following limits: ElementApplication
Range (%) Aluminum0.01–1.00 Boron0.001–0.050 Calcium0.001–0.05 Carbon0.10–0.20 Chromium0.01–33.0 Cobalt0.10–20.0 Copper0.01–3.00 Iron0.01–50.0 Lead0.001–0.01 Magnesium0.0001–0.100 Manganese0.01–3.0 Molybdenum0.01–30.0 Niobium0.01–6.0 Nickel25.0–80.0 Nitrogen0.001–0.20 Oxygen0.0001–0.003 Phosphorous0.001–0.030 Sulfur0.0001–0.010 Silicon0.01–1.50 Tantalum0.005–0.10 Tin0.001–0.020 Titanium0.001–6.0 Tungsten0.01–5.0 Vanadium0.01–1.0 Zirconium0.01–0.10
1.2 The following elements may be determined using this test method. The test method user should carefully evaluate the precision and bias statements of this test method to determine applicability of the test method for the intended use. ElementQuantification
Range (%) Aluminum0.060–1.40 Boron0.002–0.020 Calcium0.001–0.003 Copper0.010–0.52 Magnesium0.001–0.10 Manganese0.002–0.65 Niobium0.020–5.5 Phosphorous0.004–0.030 Tantalum0.010–0.050 Tin0.002–0.018 Titanium0.020–3.1 Tungsten0.007–0.11 Vanadium0.010–0.50 Zirconium0.002–0.10
1.3 This test method has only been interlaboratory tested for the elements and ranges specified. It may be possible to extend this test method to other elements or different concentration ranges provided that method validation is performed that includes evaluation of method sensitivity, precision, and bias as described in this document. Additionally, the validation study must evaluate the acceptability of sample preparation methodology using reference materials or spike recoveries, or both. The user is cautioned to carefully evaluate the validation data against the laboratory’s data quality objectives. Method validation of scope extensions is also a requirement of ISO/IEC 17025.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 8.2.6.3 and safety hazard statements are given in Section 9.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used for the determination of phosphorus in nickel, ferronickel, and nickel alloy samples by molecular absorption spectrometry to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed, such as those described in Guide E 882.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of phosphorus in nickel, ferronickel, and nickel alloys in the range 0.0007 % to 0.05 %.
1.2 Arsenic, chromium, hafnium, niobium, silicon, tantalum, titanium, and tungsten interfere, but the interference can be avoided by complexation or volatilization (for chromium). The lowest phosphorus content (0.0007 %) can be reached only in samples with low contents of interfering elements.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method see Practices E 50. Refer to specific warning notes given throughout this test method.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used for the determination of titanium in nickel alloy samples by molecular absorption spectrometry to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed such as those described in Guide E 882.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of titanium in nickel alloys in the range 0.3 % to 5.0 %. With appropriate reference materials, the test method may be extended down to 0.05 %.
1.2 Molybdenum, if present, may cause a high bias to the extent of 0.001 % titanium for every 1 % molybdenum.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method, see Practices E 50.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of Ni-base alloys by wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for the determination of the following elements:Note 1
Unless exceptions are noted, concentration ranges can be extended by the use of suitable reference materials. Once these element ranges are extended they must be verified by some experimental means. This could include but not limited to Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility studies and/or Inter-laboratory Round Robin studies. Once these studies are completed, they will satisfy the ISO 17025 requirements for capability.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are primarily intended to test refined nickel metal for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the analytical work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods apply to the chemical analysis of refined nickel and other forms of metallic nickel having chemical compositions within the following limits:ElementWeight %Antimony, less than0.005Arsenic, less than0.005Bismuth, less than0.01Cadmium, less than0.0025Carbon, max0.03Cobalt, max1.00Copper, max1.00Hydrogen, max0.003Iron, max0.15Lead, less than0.01Manganese, less than0.20Nickel, min98.0Nitrogen, less than0.50Oxygen, less than0.03Phosphorus, less than0.005Selenium, less than0.0010Silicon, less than0.005Silver, less than0.01Sulfur, max0.01Tellurium, less than0.0010Thallium, less than0.0010Tin, less than0.005Zinc, less than0.015
1.2 These test methods may be used to determine the following elements by the methods indicated below:Antimony, Arsenic, Bismuth, Cadmium, Lead, Selenium, Silver, Tellurium, Tin, and Thallium by the Electrothermal Atomic Absorption MethodBismuth, Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Silver, and Zinc by the Flame Atomic Absorption MethodCarbon, Total, by the Combustion-Instrumental MethodNickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric MethodNitrogen by the Inert Gas Fusion Thermal Conductivity MethodOxygen by the Inert Gas Fusion MethodSulfur by the Infrared Absorption MethodSulfur by the Methylene Blue Spectrophotometric Method After Generation of Hydrogen Sulfide
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see Section 6.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-2 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E 882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the chemical analysis of nickel, cobalt, and high-temperature alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:ElementConcentration Range, %Aluminum0.005 to 7.00Beryllium0.001 to 0.05Boron0.001 to 1.00Calcium0.002 to 0.05Carbon0.001 to 1.10Chromium0.10 to 33.00Cobalt0.10 to 75.00Copper0.01 to 35.00Iron0.01 to 50.00Lead0.001 to 0.01Magnesium0.001 to 0.05Manganese0.01 to 3.0 Molybdenum0.01 to 30.0 Niobium (Columbium)0.01 to 6.0 Nickel0.10 to 98.0 Nitrogen0.001 to 0.20Phosphorus0.002 to 0.08Sulfur0.002 to 0.10Silicon0.01 to 5.00Tantalum0.005 to 1.00Tin0.002 to 0.10Titanium0.01 to 5.00Tungsten0.01 to 18.00Vanadium0.01 to 3.25Zinc0.001 to 0.01Zirconium0.01 to 2.50
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated as follows:SectionsAluminum, Total by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method (0.20 to7.00 %)62 to 69Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.018 to 1.00 %)100 to 109Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation-Titration Method(0.10 to 33.00 %)110 to 118Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange-Potentiometric Titration Method (2 to75 %)34 to 41Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Photometric Method (0.10 to5.0 %)42 to 51Copper by Neocuproine Photometric Method (0.010 to 10.00 %)52 to 61Iron by the Silver Reduction Titrimetric Method (1.0 to 50.0 %)127 to 134Manganese by the Metaperiodate Photometric Method (0.05 to2.00 %)8 to 17Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange-8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravi-metric Method (1.5 to 30 %)119 to 126Molybdenum by the Photometric Method (0.01 to 1.50 %)88 to 99Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 to84.0 %)70 to 77Niobium by the Ion Exchange-Cupferron Gravimetric Method(0.5 to 6.0 %)135 to 142Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 to 5.00 %)27 to 33Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.006 to0.1 %)18 to 26Tantalum by the Ion Exchange-Pyrogallol SpectrophotometricMethod (0.03 to 1.0%)143 to 151Tin by the Solvent Extraction-Atomic Absorption Method (0.002to 0.10 %)78 to 87
1.3 Methods for the determination of several elements not included in these test methods can be found in Test Methods E 30, E 76, and E 1019.
1.4 Some of the concentration ranges given in are too broad to be covered by a single method, and therefore, these test methods contain multiple methods for some elements. The user must select the proper test method by matching the information given in the scope and interference sections of each test method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. In some cases, exceptions allowed in Practice E 380 are also used.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7 and in special caution and warning paragraphs throughout these test methods.

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the chemical analysis of nickel, cobalt, and high-temperature alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:ElementConcentration Range, %Aluminum0.005 to 7.00Beryllium0.001 to 0.05Boron0.001 to 1.00Calcium0.002 to 0.05Carbon0.001 to 1.10Chromium0.10 to 33.00Cobalt0.10 to 75.00Copper0.01 to 35.00Iron0.01 to 50.00Lead0.001 to 0.01Magnesium0.001 to 0.05Manganese0.01 to 3.0 Molybdenum0.01 to 30.0 Niobium (Columbium)0.01 to 6.0 Nickel0.10 to 98.0 Nitrogen0.001 to 0.20Phosphorus0.002 to 0.08Sulfur0.002 to 0.10Silicon0.01 to 5.00Tantalum0.005 to 1.00Tin0.002 to 0.10Titanium0.01 to 5.00Tungsten0.01 to 18.00Vanadium0.01 to 3.25Zinc0.001 to 0.01Zirconium0.01 to 2.50
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated as follows:SectionsAluminum, Total by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method (0.20 to7.00 %)62 to 69Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.018 to 1.00 %)100 to 109Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation-Titration Method(0.10 to 33.00 %)110 to 118Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange-Potentiometric Titration Method (2 to75 %)34 to 41Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Photometric Method (0.10 to5.0 %)42 to 51Copper by Neocuproine Photometric Method (0.010 to 10.00 %)52 to 61Iron by the Silver Reduction Titrimetric Method (1.0 to 50.0 %)127 to 134Manganese by the Metaperiodate Photometric Method (0.05 to2.00 %)8 to 17Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange-8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravi-metric Method (1.5 to 30 %)119 to 126Molybdenum by the Photometric Method (0.01 to 1.50 %)88 to 99Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 to84.0 %)70 to 77Niobium by the Ion Exchange-Cupferron Gravimetric Method(0.5 to 6.0 %)135 to 142Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 to 5.00 %)27 to 33Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.006 to0.1 %)18 to 26Tantalum by the Ion Exchange-Pyrogallol SpectrophotometricMethod (0.03 to 1.0%)143 to 151Tin by the Solvent Extraction-Atomic Absorption Method (0.002to 0.10 %)78 to 87
1.3 Methods for the determination of several elements not included in these test methods can be found in Test Methods E 30, E 76, and E 1019.
1.4 Some of the concentration ranges given in are too broad to be covered by a single method, and therefore, these test methods contain multiple methods for some elements. The user must select the proper test method by matching the information given in the scope and interference sections of each test method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. In some cases, exceptions allowed in Practice E 380 are also used.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7 and in special caution and warning paragraphs throughout these test methods.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is used for the analysis of nickel and nickel base alloy samples by molecular absorption spectrometry to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed such as those described in Guide E 882.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of titanium in nickel alloys in the 0.3 through 5.0 % range. With appropriate reference materials the test method may be extended down to 0.05 %.
1.2 Molybdenum, if present, may cause a high bias to the extent of 0.001 % Ti for every 1 % Mo.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method see Practices E 50.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used for the analysis of nickel, ferronickel, and nickel base alloy samples by molecular absorption spectrometry to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed, such as those described in Guide E 882.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of phosphorus in nickel, ferronickel, and nickel alloys in the 0.0007 % through 0.05 % range.
1.2 Arsenic, chromium, hafnium, niobium, silicon, tantalum, titanium, and tungsten interfere, but the interference can be avoided by complexation or volatilization (for Cr). The lowest phosphorus content (0.0007 %) can be reached only in samples with low contents of interfering elements.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards associated with the use of this practice see Practices E 50. Refer to specific warning notes given throughout this test method.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used for the analysis of nickel and nickel-base alloy samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed such as those described in Guide E 882.
Interlaboratory Studies (ILS) ,  —This test method was evaluated by a subcommittee within ISO Technical Committee 155 (ISO/TC 155/SC 4) on analysis of nickel alloys, in accordance with ISO Standard 5725. It was published as ISO Standard 7530, Parts 2 through 9. The ILS test data was not available for recalculation. The published ISO statistics are summarized separately for each analyte.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers analysis of nickel and nickel-base alloys by flame atomic absorption spectrometric analysis for the following elements:
ElementConcentration Range, %Section    Aluminum0.2 to 4.013 Chromium0.01 to 4.014 Cobalt0.01 to 4.015 Copper0.01 to 4.016 Iron0.1 to 4.017 Manganese0.1 to 4.018 Silicon0.2 to 1.019 Vanadium0.05 to 1.020
1.2 The concentration range of these elements can be expanded by the use of appropriate standards.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method see Practices E 50 and the warning statements included in this test method.

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods  apply to the chemical analysis of refined nickel and other forms of metallic nickel having chemical compositions within the following limits:  Element Weight % Antimony, less than 0.005 Arsenic, less than 0.005 Bismuth, less than 0.01 Cadmium, less than 0.0025 Carbon, max 0.03 Cobalt, max 1.00 Copper, max 1.00 Hydrogen, max 0.003 Iron, max 0.15 Lead, less than 0.01 Manganese, less than 0.20 Nickel, min 98.0 Nitrogen, less than 0.50 Oxygen, less than 0.03 Phosphorus, less than 0.005 Selenium, less than 0.0010 Silicon, less than 0.005 Silver, less than 0.01 Sulfur, max 0.01 Tellurium, less than 0.0010 Thallium, less than 0.0010 Tin, less than 0.005 Zinc, less than 0.015
1.2 These test methods may be used to determine the following elements in the sections indicated below:  Sections Antimony, Arsenic, Bismuth, Cadmium, Lead, Selenium, 20 to 30 Silver, Tellurium, Tin, and Thallium by the Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Method Bismuth, Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Silver, and Zinc by the Flame Atomic 8 to 19 Absorption Method Carbon, Total, by the Combustion-Instrumental Method 8 31 to 42 Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method 12 91 to 99 Nitrogen by the Inert Gas Fusion Thermal Conductivity Method 8 66 to 77 Oxygen by the Inert Gas Fusion Method 8 78 to 90 Sulfur by the Infrared Absorption Method 8 43 to 54 Sulfur by the Methylene Blue Spectrophotometric Method After Generation of Hydrogen Sulfide 55 to 65
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see Section 5.

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the chemical analysis of nickel, cobalt, and high-temperature alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:  Element Concentration Range, % Aluminum 0.005 to 7.00 Beryllium 0.001 to 0.05 Boron 0.001 to 1.00 Calcium 0.002 to 0.05 Carbon 0.001 to 1.10 Chromium 0.10 to 33.00 Cobalt 0.10 to 75.00 Copper 0.01 to 35.00 Iron 0.01 to 50.00 Lead 0.001 to 0.01 Magnesium 0.001 to 0.05 Manganese 0.01 to 3.0 Molybdenum 0.01 to 30.0 Niobium (Columbium) 0.01 to 6.0 Nickel 0.10 to 98.0 Nitrogen 0.001 to 0.20 Phosphorus 0.002 to 0.08 Sulfur 0.002 to 0.10 Silicon 0.01 to 5.00 Tantalum 0.005 to 1.00 Tin 0.002 to 0.10 Titanium 0.01 to 5.00 Tungsten 0.01 to 18.00 Vanadium 0.01 to 3.25 Zinc 0.001 to 0.01 Zirconium 0.01 to 2.50
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated as follows: Sections Aluminum, Total by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method (0.20 to 7.00%) 2 62 to 69 Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.018 to 1.00%) 2 100 to 109 Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation-Titration Method (0.10 to 33.00%) 2 110 to 118 Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange-Potentiometric Titration Method (2 to 75%) 2 34 to 41 Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Photometric Method (0.10 to 5.0%) 2 42 to 51 Copper by Neocuproine Photometric Method (0.010 to 10.00%) 2 52 to 61 Iron by the Silver Reduction Titrimetric Method (1.0 to 50.0%) 2 127 to 134 Manganese by the Metaperiodate Photometric Method (0.05 to 2.00%) 2 8 to 17 Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange-8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravi- metric Method (1.5 to 30%) 2 119 to 126 Molybdenum by the Photometric Method (0.01 to 1.50%) 2 88 to 99 Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 to 84.0%) 2 70 to 77 Niobium by the Ion Exchange-Cupferron Gravimetric Method (0.5 to 6.0%) 135 to 142 Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 to 5.00%) 2 27 to 33 Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.006 to 0.1%) 2 18 to 26 Tin by the Solvent Extraction-Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 to 0.10%) 2 78 to 87
1.3 Methods for the determination of several elements not included in these test methods can be found in Test Methods E30, E76, and E1019.
1.4 Some of the concentration ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single method, and therefore, these test methods contain multiple methods for some elements. The user must select the proper test method by matching the information given in the scope and interference sections of each test method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. In some cases, exceptions allowed in Practice E380 are also used.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7 and in special caution and warning paragraphs throughout these test methods.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of titanium in nickel alloys in the 0.3 through 5.0% range. With appropriate reference materials the test method may be extended down to 0.05%.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of phosphorus in nickel, ferronickel, and nickel alloys in the 0.0007% through 0.05% range.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of lead in nickel and nickel alloys in the concentration range of 0.00005 % to 0.001 % by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.
Note 1—If this test method is used to test materials having contents less than 0.0001 % lead, users in different laboratories will experience more than the usual 5 % risk that their results will differ by more than 50 % relative error.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards associated with the use of this practice see Practices E 50.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to be used for the determination of trace levels of lead in nickel and nickel alloys. It is assumed that the procedure will be performed by trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory practices skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and proper waste disposal procedures will be followed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of lead in nickel and nickel alloys in the concentration range of 0.00005 % to 0.001 % by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.
Note 1—If this test method is used to test materials having contents less than 0.0001 % lead, users in different laboratories will experience more than the usual 5 % risk that their results will differ by more than 50 % relative error.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards associated with the use of this practice see Practices E 50.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers analysis of nickel and nickel-base alloys by flame atomic absorption spectrometric analysis for the following elements: ElementConcentration Range, % SectionAluminum0.2 to 4.012Chromium0.01 to 4.013Cobalt 0.01 to 4.014Copper 0.01 to 4.015Iron 0.1 to 4.016Manganese0.1 to 4.017Silicon 0.2 to 1.018Vanadium0.05 to 1.019
1.2 The concentration range of these elements can be expanded by the use of appropriate standards.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method see Practices E 50 and the warning statements included in this test method.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used for the analysis of nickel and nickel-base alloy samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry to check compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use the procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed such as those described in Guide E 882.
Interlaboratory Studies (ILS)4 —This test method was evaluated by a subcommittee within ISO Technical Committee 155 (ISO/TC 155/SC 4) on analysis of nickel alloys, in accordance with ISO Standard 5725. It was published as ISO Standard 7530, Parts 2 through 9. The ILS test data was not available for recalculation. The published ISO statistics are summarized separately for each analyte.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers analysis of nickel and nickel-base alloys by flame atomic absorption spectrometric analysis for the following elements: ElementConcentration Range, % SectionAluminum0.2 to 4.012Chromium0.01 to 4.013Cobalt 0.01 to 4.014Copper 0.01 to 4.015Iron 0.1 to 4.016Manganese0.1 to 4.017Silicon 0.2 to 1.018Vanadium0.05 to 1.019
1.2 The concentration range of these elements can be expanded by the use of appropriate standards.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards associated with the use of this test method see Practices E 50 and the warning statements included in this test method.

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical analysis of nickel-copper alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:   Element Concentration Range, % Nickel 40 to 90 Cobalt 0.01 to 1.0 Copper 10 to 50 Iron 0.1 to 5.0 Manganese 0.1 to 2.5 Carbon 0.01 to 1.0 Silicon 0.01 to 5.0 Sulfur 0.001 to 0.1 Aluminum 0.01 to 4.0
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order: (This standard contains more than one test method for some elements. In some cases, the use of multiple test methods is needed to cover the concentration range of the scope of the standard; in others, multiple test methods are supplied to allow for variations in availability of instruments and other facilities among laboratories.)  Sections Copper: Perchloric Acid-Electrolytic Test Method 9 to 13 Sulfuric Acid-Electrolytic Test Method 14 to 18 Nickel: Dimethylglyoxime-Gravimetric Test Method 19 to 22 Dimethylglyoxime-Electrolytic Test Method 23 to 26 Cobalt: Alpha-Nitroso-beta-Naphthol Test Method 27 to 29 Nitroso-R-Salt-Photometric Test Method 30 to 37 Iron: Stannous-Chloride-Potassium Dichromate Test Method 38 to 40 Thiocyanate-Photometric Test Method 41 to 48 Manganese: Persulfate-Arsenite Test Method 49 to 52 Periodate-Photometric Test Method 53 to 60 Carbon, Total, by the Direct Combustion Test Method 61 to 63 Silicon: Perchloric Acid Test Method 64 to 66 Sulfuric Acid Test Method 67 to 68 Sulfur: Gravimetric Test Method 69 to 71 Direct Combustion-Iodate Test Method 72 to 75 Aluminum by the Mercury Cathode-Cupferron-8-Hydroxyquinoline Test Method 76 to 81
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 5.

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover photometric procedures for the chemical analysis of nickel, intended primarily for use in electronic devices, having a chemical composition within the following limits:  Element Concentration Range, % Nickel 94 to 100 Copper 0.005 to 0.3 Iron 0.0035 to 0.3 Cobalt 0.05 to 1.0 Manganese 0.02 to 0.5 Titanium 0.0005 to 0.5 Silicon 0.001 to 0.3 Aluminum 0.01 to 0.35 Carbon 0.001 to 0.10 Hydrogen 0.0001 to 0.01 Nitrogen 0.0001 to 0.01 Oxygen 0.001 to 0.10 Tungsten 3.0 to 5.0 Magnesium 0.005 to 0.2
1.2 The techniques and procedures covered in these test methods have been chosen so as to keep the consumption of sample to a minimum.  
1.3 The analytical procedures appear in the following order: (This standard contains more than one test method for some elements. In some cases, the use of multiple test methods is needed to cover the concentration range of the scope of the standard; in others, multiple test methods are supplied to allow for variations in availability of instruments and other facilities among laboratories.)  Sections Copper by the Hydrobromic Acid (Photometric) Method 8 to 15 Iron by the Thiocyanate (Photometric) Method 16 to 24 Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt (Photometric) Method 25 to 32 Manganese by the Periodate (Photometric) Method 33 to 40 Titanium by the Tiron (Photometric) Method 41 to 48 Silicon by the Molybdenum Blue (Photometric) Method 49 to 56 Aluminum by the Aluminon (Photometric) Method 57 to 64 Carbon by the Low-Pressure Combustion Method 65 to 73 Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen by the Vacuum Fusion Method 74 to 78 Copper by the Neocuproine (Photometric) Method 79 to 87 Tungsten by the Acid Digestion-Cinchonine (Gravimetric) Method 88 to 92 Magnesium by the 8-Hydroxyquinoline (Photometric) Method 93 to 102
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 5.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the following elements in thermionic nickel alloys in the concentration ranges shown:  
1.2 The test method has been designed for inspection testing of nickel alloy thermionic cathodes. It is equally applicable to the determination of the elements listed in 1.1 in any nickel alloy where the nickel content is greater than 98.0%, provided the total sample available exceeds 50 mg.  Note 1-The concentration ranges of the elements listed in 1.1 have been established through cooperative testing of secondary standards and by preparation of synthetic standards provided in the method. The scope is underwritten by three primary spectrochemical standards.  Cooperative testing of the first two of these standards has provided supporting data for this method.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.