ASTM D4106-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium Method
Standard Test Method for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assumptions:
5.1.1 Well discharges at a constant rate, Q.
5.1.2 Well is of infinitesimal diameter and fully penetrates the aquifer.
5.1.3 The nonleaky aquifer is homogeneous, isotropic, and aerially extensive. A nonleaky aquifer receives insignificant contribution of water from confining beds.
5.1.4 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the aquifer.
5.1.5 The geometry of the assumed aquifer and well conditions are shown in Fig. 1. Sy = the specific yield. For fully penetrating observation wells, the effects of delayed yield are negligible at the distance, r, in Eq 8 after one tenth of the time given in the Eq 9.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical procedure for determining the transmissivity and storage coefficient of a nonleaky confined aquifer. It is used to analyze data on water-level response collected during radial flow to or from a well of constant discharge or injection.
1.2 This analytical procedure, along with others, is used in conjunction with the field procedure given in Test Method D4050.
1.3 Limitations—The limitations of this test method for determination of hydraulic properties of aquifers are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumptions of this test method (see 5.1).
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4106 −15
Standard Test Method for
(Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and
Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the
1
Theis Nonequilibrium Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4106; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers an analytical procedure for
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
determining the transmissivity and storage coefficient of a
Fluids
nonleaky confined aquifer. It is used to analyze data on
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
water-level response collected during radial flow to or from a
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
well of constant discharge or injection.
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
1.2 This analytical procedure, along with others, is used in
D4043Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in
conjunction with the field procedure given in Test Method
Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
D4050.
D4050Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal
1.3 Limitations—The limitations of this test method for
and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic
determination of hydraulic properties of aquifers are primarily Properties of Aquifer Systems
related to the correspondence between the field situation and
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
the simplifying assumptions of this test method (see 5.1). Data
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
3. Terminology
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
3.1 Definitions:
Practice D6026.
3.1.1 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
1.4.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
see Terminology D653.
recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce- 3.2.1 observation well—a well open to all or part of an
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for aquifer.
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
3.2.2 unconfined aquifer—an aquifer that has a water table.
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
3.3 Symbols and Dimensions:
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
−1
3.3.1 K [LT ]—hydraulic conductivity.
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
3.3.2 K —hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal plane,
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical
xy
radially from the control well.
methods for engineering design.
3.3.3 K —hydraulic conductivity in the vertical direction.
z
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3 −1
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.3.4 Q [L T ]—discharge.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.3.5 S [nd]—storage coefficient.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
−1
3.3.6 S [L ]—specific storage.
s
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2 −1
3.3.7 T [L T ]—transmissivity.
3.3.8 W(u) [nd]—well function of u.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 15, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4106–96 (2008). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D4106-15. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4106−15
3.3.9 b [L]—thickness of aquifer.
3.3.10 r [L]—radial distance from control well.
3.3.11 s [L]—drawdown.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method describes an analytical procedure for
analyzing data collected during a withdrawal or injection well
test. The field procedure (see Test Method D4050) involves
pumping a control well at a constant rate and measuring the
water level response in one or more observation wells or
piezometers. The water-level response in the aquifer is
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4106 − 96 (Reapproved 2008) D4106 − 15
Standard Test Method for
(Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and
Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the
1
Theis Nonequilibrium Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4106; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers an analytical procedure for determining the transmissivity and storage coefficient of a nonleaky
confined aquifer. It is used to analyze data on water-level response collected during radial flow to or from a well of constant
discharge or injection.
1.2 This analytical procedure procedure, along with others, is used in conjunction with the field procedure given in Test Method
D4050.
1.3 Limitations—The limitations of this test method for determination of hydraulic properties of aquifers are primarily related
to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumptions of this test method (see 5.1).
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
D4050 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic Properties of
Aquifer Systems
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of other terms used in this test method, see Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2008April 15, 2015. Published October 2008June 2015. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 as
D4106 – 96 (2008). (2002). DOI: 10.1520/D4106-96R08.10.1520/D4106-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4106 − 15
3.1.1 aquifer, confined—an aquifer bounded above and below by confining beds and in which the static head is above the top
of the aquifer.
3.1.2 confining bed—a hydrogeologic unit of less permeable material bounding one or more aquifers.
3.1.3 control well—well by which the head and flow in the aquifer is changed, for example, by pumping, injection, or imposing
a constant change of head.
3.1.4 drawdown—vertical distance the static head is lowered due to the removal of water.
3.1.5 head—see head, static.
3.1.6 head, static—the height above a standard datum of the surface o
...
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