ASTM D6034-20

Standard Practice for (Analytical Procedure) Determining the Efficiency of a Production Well in a Confined Aquifer from a Constant Rate Pumping Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice allows the user to compute the true hydraulic efficiency of a pumped well in a confined aquifer from a constant rate pumping field test. The procedures described constitute the only valid method of determining well efficiency. Some practitioners have confused well efficiency with percentage of head loss associated with laminar flow, a parameter commonly determined from a step-drawdown test. Well efficiency, however, cannot be determined from a step-drawdown test but only can be determined from a constant rate test.  
5.2 Assumptions:  
5.2.1 Control well discharges at a constant rate, Q.  
5.2.2 Control well is of infinitesimal diameter.  
5.2.3 Data are obtained from the control well and, if available, a number of observation wells.  
5.2.4 The aquifer is confined, homogeneous, and extensive. The aquifer may be anisotropic, and if so, the directions of maximum and minimum hydraulic conductivity are horizontal and vertical, respectively.  
5.2.5 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the aquifer.  
5.3 Calculation Requirements—For the special case of partially penetrating wells, application of this practice may be computationally intensive. The function fs shown in Eq 6 should be evaluated using arbitrary input parameters. It is not practical to use existing, somewhat limited, tables of values for fs and, because this equation is rather formidable, it may not be tractable by hand. Because of this, it is assumed the practitioner using this practice will have available a computerized procedure for evaluating the function fs. This can be accomplished using commercially available mathematical software including some spreadsheet applications. If calculating fs is not practical, it is recommended to substitute the Kozeny equation for the Hantush equation as previously described.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability o...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes an analytical procedure for determining the hydraulic efficiency of a production well in a confined aquifer. It involves comparing the actual drawdown in the well to the theoretical minimum drawdown achievable and is based upon data and aquifer coefficients obtained from a constant rate pumping test.  
1.2 This analytical practice is used in conjunction with the field procedure, Test Method D4050.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except as noted below. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The reporting of results in units other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs.  
1.4 Limitations—The limitations of the technique for determination of well efficiency are related primarily to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumption of this practice.  
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and round established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.  
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported date to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to ...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2020
• ICS: 93.160 - Hydraulic construction
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.21 - Groundwater and Vadose Zone Investigations

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D6034 −20
Standard Practice for
(Analytical Procedure) Determining the Efficiency of a
Production Well in a Confined Aquifer from a Constant Rate
1
Pumping Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6034; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
increase or reduce significant digits of reported date to be
1.1 This practice describes an analytical procedure for
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
determining the hydraulic efficiency of a production well in a
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
confinedaquifer.Itinvolvescomparingtheactualdrawdownin
method for engineering design.
the well to the theoretical minimum drawdown achievable and
is based upon data and aquifer coefficients obtained from a 1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
constant rate pumping test. one or more specific operations.This document cannot replace
educationorexperienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwith
1.2 This analytical practice is used in conjunction with the
professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be
field procedure, Test Method D4050.
applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
as standard, except as noted below. The values given in
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which
nor should this document be applied without the consideration
are provided for information only and are not considered
ofaproject’smanyuniqueaspects.Theword“Standard”inthe
standard. The reporting of results in units other than inch-
title of this document means only that the document has been
pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(lbf)representsaunitofforce(weight),whiletheunitformass
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
is slugs.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 Limitations—The limitations of the technique for deter-
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
mination of well efficiency are related primarily to the corre-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
spondence between the field situation and the simplifying
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
assumption of this practice.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
guidelines for significant digits and round established in
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
1.5.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
2
recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
Fluids
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D6034–17. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6034-20. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6034 − 17 D6034 − 20
Standard Test Method (Analytical Procedure) Practice for
(Analytical Procedure) Determining the Efficiency of a
Production Well in a Confined Aquifer from a Constant Rate
1
Pumping Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6034; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describes an analytical procedure for determining the hydraulic efficiency of a production well in a
confined aquifer. It involves comparing the actual drawdown in the well to the theoretical minimum drawdown achievable and is
based upon data and aquifer coefficients obtained from a constant rate pumping test.
1.2 This analytical procedure is used in conjunction with the field procedure, Test Method D4050.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except as noted below. The values given in parentheses
are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf)
represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs.
1.4 Limitations—The limitations of the technique for determination of well efficiency are related primarily to the correspon-
dence between the field situation and the simplifying assumption of this test method.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and round established in Practice
D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported date to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis method for engineering design.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4050 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic Properties of
Aquifer Systems
D5521 Guide for Development of Groundwater Monitoring Wells in Granular Aquifers
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of common terms used in this test method, see Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater
and Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017June 1, 2020. Published January 2017June 2020. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as
ɛ1
D6034–96(2010)D6034 .–17. DOI: 10.1520/D6034-17.10.1520/D6034-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6034 − 20
3.2.1 well effıciency, n—the ratio, usually expressed as a percentage, of the measured drawdown inside the control well divided
into the theoretical drawdown wh
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