ASTM B228-11a(2021)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Concentric-Lay-Stranded Copper-Clad Steel Conductors
Standard Specification for Concentric-Lay-Stranded Copper-Clad Steel Conductors
ABSTRACT
This specification covers bare concentric-lay-stranded conductors made from bare round copper-clad steel wires for general use for electrical purposes. Conductors are classified as follows: Grade 40 HS, Grade 30 HS, and Grade 30 EHS. The numbers and diameters of the wires in the concentric-lay-stranded conductors shall conform to the requirements prescribed. Tests for physical and electrical properties of wires composing concentric-lay-stranded conductors made from copper-clad steel wire shall be made before stranding.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers bare concentric-lay-stranded conductors made from bare round copper-clad steel wires for general use for electrical purposes.
1.2 For the purpose of this specification, conductors are classified as follows: Grade 40 HS, Grade 30 HS, Grade 30 EHS, Grade 40 DSA, and Grade 30 DSA.
The grades covered by this specification correspond to the following commercial designations:
Grade 40 HS,
High Strength, 40 % Conductivity, Hard Drawn
Grade 30 HS,
High Strength, 30 % Conductivity, Hard Drawn
Grade 30 EHS,
Extra High Strength, 30 % Conductivity, Hard Drawn
Grade 40 DSA,
40 % Conductivity, Dead Soft Annealed
Grade 30 DSA,
30 % Conductivity, Dead Soft Annealed
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B228 −11a (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Specification for
Concentric-Lay-Stranded Copper-Clad Steel Conductors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B228; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2.2 ASTM Standards:
B227 Specification for Hard-Drawn Copper-Clad Steel Wire
1.1 This specification covers bare concentric-lay-stranded
B354 Terminology Relating to Uninsulated Metallic Electri-
conductors made from bare round copper-clad steel wires for
cal Conductors
general use for electrical purposes.
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
1.2 For the purpose of this specification, conductors are Determine Conformance with Specifications
classified as follows: Grade 40 HS, Grade 30 HS, Grade 30 B910/B910M Specification for Annealed Copper-Clad Steel
EHS, Grade 40 DSA, and Grade 30 DSA. Wire
The grades covered by this specification correspond to the
2.3 ANSI Standards:
following commercial designations:
C42 Definitions of Electrical Terms
Grade 40 HS, High Strength, 40 % Conductivity, Hard Drawn 4
2.4 NIST Standards:
Grade 30 HS, High Strength, 30 % Conductivity, Hard Drawn
NBSHandbook 100—Copper Wire Tables
Grade 30 EHS, Extra High Strength, 30 % Conductivity, Hard Drawn
Grade 40 DSA, 40 % Conductivity, Dead Soft Annealed
Grade 30 DSA, 30 % Conductivity, Dead Soft Annealed
3. Ordering Information
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
the following information:
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1.1 Quantity of each size and grade;
and are not considered standard.
3.1.2 Conductor size: approximate diameter in fractions of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
an inch, or number andAWG size of individual wires (Section
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
7 and Table 1);
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3 Grade (see 1.2 and Table 1);
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.4 Direction of lay of outer layer, if other than left-hand
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(see 6.3);
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.5 When physical tests shall be made (see 8.2);
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.6 Package size (see 13.1);
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.7 Special package marking, if required (Section 12);
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.8 Lagging, if required (see 13.2); and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.9 Place of inspection (Section 14).
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2 In addition, Supplementary Requirements shall apply
2. Referenced Documents onlywhenspecifiedbythepurchaserintheinquiry,contract,or
purchase order for direct procurement by agencies of the U. S.
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the
Government (S1, S2, and S3).
dateofmaterialpurchaseformapartofthisspecificationtothe
extent referenced herein:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B01 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Electrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B01.06 on the ASTM website.
Bi-Metallic Conductors. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as B228 – 11a (2016). Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
DOI: 10.1520/B0228-11AR21. Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B228 − 11a (2021)
TABLE 1 Construction Requirements and Breaking Strength of Concentric-Lay-Stranded Copper-Clad Steel Conductors
NOTE 1—Metric Equivalents—For diameter, 1 in. = 25.40 mm (round to four significant figures); for breaking strength, 1 lb = 0.45359 kg (round to
four significant figures).
B
Size Designation Rated Breaking Strength, min, lb
Conductor
C D
Diameter,
Inch AWG Grade 40 Grade 30 Grade 30 Grade 40 Grade 30
A
in.
HS HS EHS DSA DSA
⁄8 19 No. 5 0.910 48 740 53 910 64 910 17 250 19 410
⁄16 19 No. 6 0.810 40 370 44 470 53 880 13 680 15 390
⁄32 19 No. 7 0.721 33 360 36 610 44 480 10 850 12 200
⁄32 19 No. 8 0.642 27 550 30 140 36 590 8610 9686
⁄16 19 No. 9 0.572 22 690 24 730 29 700 6823 7676
⁄8 7 No. 4 0.613 21 630 24 040 28 540 8012 9014
⁄16 7 No. 5 0.546 17 960 19 860 23 910 6356 7150
⁄2 7 No. 6 0.486 14 870 16 390 19 850 5041 5672
⁄16 7 No. 7 0.433 12 290 13 490 16 390 3996 4496
⁄8 7 No. 8 0.385 10 150 11 100 13 480 3172 3569
⁄32 7 No. 9 0.343 8359 9113 10 940 2514 2828
⁄16 7 No. 10 0.306 6913 7531 8928 1995 2244
. . . 3 No. 5 0.392 8122 8985 10 820 2875 3235
. . . 3 No. 6 0.349 6728 7412 8980 2281 2566
. . . 3 No. 7 0.311 5559 6102 7413 1808 2034
. . . 3 No. 8 0.277 4592 5023 6099 1435 1614
. . . 3 No. 9 0.247 3781 4122 4950 1137 1279
. . . 3 No. 10 0.220 3127 3407 4039 903 1015
. . . 3 No. 12 0.174 1647 1719 2564 573 645
A
Diameter of circumscribing circle.
B
Minimum breaking strength is calculated using the minimum diameter of the individual wire and the minimum tensile strength from Specification B227. Breaking loads
of 7-wire and 19-wire conductors are taken as 90 % of the sum of the breaking loads of the individual wires; breaking load of 3-wire conductors is taken as 95 % of the
sum of the breaking loads of the individual wires.
C
The designation “Inch” is the approximate diameter in proper fraction of an inch.
D
The designation of “AWG” is a combination of the number of wires each of the American Wire Gage size indicated by “No.”
4. Material for Wires shown in Table 1. Such joints or splices shall be not closer than
50 ft (15 m) to any other joint in the same layer in the
4.1 The purchaser shall specify the grade of wire to be used
conductor (Note 1).
in the conductor.
NOTE 1—Joints or splices in individual copper-clad steel wires in their
4.2 Before stranding, the copper-clad steel wire shall meet
finished size are made by electrical butt welding. Two types of joints are
all the requirements of Specification B227 for Grade 40 HS,
used and are described as follows:
Grade 30 HS and Grade 30 EHS and the requirements of
(a) Weld-AnnealedJoints—Afterbuttwelding,thewireisannealedfor
Specification B910/B910M for Grade 40 DSA and Grade 30 a distance of approximately 5 in. (127 mm) on each side of the weld. The
weld is then protected from corrosion with one of two approaches:
DSA.
1. A snug fitting seamless copper sleeve which extends at least ⁄8 in.
4.3 Allwiresintheconductorshallbeofthesamegradeand
(9.5 mm) on each side of the weld and which is thoroughly sealed to the
quality. wire with solder. The wall thickness of the sleeve is at least 10 % of the
radius of the wire.
2. Protect the weld from corrosion and ensure acceptable conductivity
5. Joints
through the use of a silver solder that extends at least ⁄8 in. (9.5 mm) on
5.1 Joints or splices may be made in the finished individual
each side of the weld.
This type of joint is applicable for 7, 12, and 19 wire stranded
copper-clad steel wires composing concentric-lay-stranded
configurations. When joints made on annealed individual wires, the
conductors, using more than three wires provided that such
completed stranded conductor is required to have the full rated strength.
joints or splices have a protection equivalent to that of the wire
For hard drawn material, this joint has a tensile strength of approximately
itself and that they do not decrease the strength of the finished
60 000 psi (415 MPa). This is less than the strength of the individual
stranded conductor below the minimum breaking strength wires, but an allowance is made for this in the rated strength of the
TABLE 2 Density of Copper-Clad Steel
Units Grade 40 Density at 20 °C Grade 30 Density at 20 °C
Grams per cubic centimetre 8.24 8.15
Pounds per cubic inch 0.2975 0.2944
Pounds per circular mil-foot 0.0000028039 0.0000027750
B228 − 11a (2021)
conductor as a whole. The completed conductor when containing such
8.4 Specimens of the completed conductor shall be tested in
joints is required to have the full rated strength. Other protection methods
a tensile testing machine equipped with jaws suitable for
may also be used as agreed upon between the purchaser and manufacturer.
gripping of the conductor or equipped for holding properly
This type of joint is but slightly larger than the wire itself and is
socketed specimens. Any test in which the result is below the
applicable for 7, 12, and 19-wire stranded conductors.
stated value and which is obviously caused by improper
(b) Compression-Weld Joints—Compression-weld joints differ from
weld-annealed joints in that the wire is not annealed after the butt-welding
socketing of the specimen, or due to the break occurring in or
operation but is reinforced with a hard-drawn, seamless, silicon-tin bronze
at the gripping jaws of the machine, shall be disregarded and
sleevewhichisappliedbymeansofahydrauliccompressorovertheweld.
another sample from the same coil or reel shall be tested.
This sleeve is covered with solder so as to completely seal the ends.These
sleeves have a wall thickness of 25 to 50 % of the radius of th
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