ASTM D7872-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Concentration of Pipeline Drag Reducer Additive in Aviation Turbine Fuels
Standard Test Method for Determining the Concentration of Pipeline Drag Reducer Additive in Aviation Turbine Fuels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 DRA is frequently added into multiproduct pipelines to increase throughput or reduce energy requirements of fuel movement. Although these additives are not used in jet fuel, contamination can occur from other products if proper batching guidelines are not followed or by other cases of human error. CRC Report No. 642 reviewed the impact of DRA on jet fuel fit-for-purpose performance and concluded that the fuel spray angle and atomization capability of several engine-type fuel nozzles can be adversely affected impacting high altitude relight performance at elevated concentrations. A method that accurately quantifies the amount of DRA in jet fuel can be useful in confirming the absence of significant contamination to protect the safety of aviation operations. This test method is designed to measure down to sub-100 µg/L levels of DRA in aviation fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of high molecular weight polymers, in particular pipeline drag reducer additive (DRA), in aviation turbine fuels with a 72 µg/L lower detection limit. The method cannot differentiate between different polymers types. Thus, any non-DRA high molecular weight polymer will cause a positive measurement bias. Further investigation is required to confirm the polymer detected is DRA.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website — http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm — for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7872 − 13 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Concentration of Pipeline Drag Reducer
1
Additive in Aviation Turbine Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7872; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of high
molecular weight polymers, in particular pipeline drag reducer 2.2 Other Reference:
additive (DRA), in aviation turbine fuels with a 72 µg/L lower CRC Report No. 642 Investigation of Pipeline Drag Reduc-
detection limit. The method cannot differentiate between dif- ers in Aviation Turbine Fuels
ferent polymers types. Thus, any non-DRA high molecular
weight polymer will cause a positive measurement bias. 3. Terminology
Further investigation is required to confirm the polymer
3.1 Definitions:
detected is DRA.
3.1.1 bumping, v—violent boiling which displaces liquid
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
into the distillation flask.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.2 drag reducing additive (DRA), n—a material com-
standard.
prised of very high molecular weight hydrocarbon polymers
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regu- that is soluble in petroleum products and used to reduce the
latory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central fluid friction during pipeline transportation.
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its
3.1.3 rotary evaporation, n—a distillation process utilizing
vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.
heat, reduced pressure and a rotating flask which evaporates
Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury
fluid to reduce the volume of a sample of material.
containing products. See the applicable product Material
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The apparatus, consisting of a round-
Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website —
bottomed flask in a heated bath, is operated under vacuum
http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm — for additional infor-
(reduced pressure) to lower the boiling point of the fluid, and
mation. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or
the rotational motion accelerates evaporation of the liquid by
mercury containing products into your state or country may be
creating additional surface area of the fluid being distilled off.
prohibited by law.
3.1.4 sheared DRA, n—the very long hydrocarbon polymers
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of drag reducing agent that have been shortened by severe
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
physical processes such that the resulting material is no longer
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
effective at reducing fluid friction.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Severe physical and mechanical pro-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cesses include large pressure changes which can occur at
control valves, pumps, meters, reductions in pipe diameter
2. Referenced Documents
which affect fluid velocity, and ultrasonication in a laboratory
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
process, resulting in shorter polymeric chains which are still
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
very large compared to the fuel molecules and are non-
Petroleum Products
distillable.
3.1.5 total exclusion, n—polymers larger than the pore size
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
cannot enter the pores and elute together as the first peak in the
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
chromatogram.
Subcommittee D02.J0.01 on Jet Fuel Specifications.
Current edition approved June 15, 2013. Published September 2013. DOI:
3.2 Abbreviations:
10.1520/D7872-13.
3.2.1 DRA—drag reducing additive
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.2 GPC—gel permeation chromatography
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 3.2.3 RI—refractive index
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D7872 − 13
3.2.4 THF—tetrahydrofuran 7.2 Rotary evaporator, equipped with a silicone oil heating
bath that can accommodate flasks capable of holding 400 g of
4. Summary of Test Method
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