ASTM D4718-87(1994)e2
(Practice)Standard Practice for Correction of Unit Weight and Water Content for Soils Containing Oversize Particles
Standard Practice for Correction of Unit Weight and Water Content for Soils Containing Oversize Particles
SCOPE
1.1 This practice presents a procedure for calculating the unit weights and water contents of soils containing oversize particles when the data are known for the soil fraction with the oversize particles removed.
1.2 The practice also can be used to calculate the unit weights and water contents of soil fractions when the data are known for the total soil sample containing oversize particles.
1.3 This practice is based on tests performed on soils and soil-rock mixtures in which the portion considered oversize is that fraction of the material retained on the No. 4 sieve. Based on these tests, this practice is applicable to soils and soil-rock mixtures in which up to 40% of the material is retained on the No. 4 sieve. The practice also is considered valid when the oversize fraction is that portion retained on some other sieve, such as the 3/4-in. sieve, but the limiting percentage of oversize particles for which the correction is valid may be lower. However, the practice is considered valid for materials having up to 30% oversize particles when the oversize fraction is that portion retained on the 3/4-in. sieve.
1.4 The factor controlling the maximum permissible percentage of oversize particles is whether interference between the oversize particles affects the unit weight of the finer fraction. For some gradations, this interference may begin to occur at lower percentages of oversize particles, so the limiting percentage must be lower for these materials to avoid inaccuracies in the computed correction. The person or agency using this practice shall determine whether a lower percentage is to be used.
1.5 This practice may be applied to soils with any percentage of oversize particles subject to the limitations given in 1.3 and 1.4. However, the correction may not be of practical significance for soils with only small percentages of oversize particles. The person or agency specifying this practice shall specify a minimum percentage of oversize particles below which the practice need not be applied. If a minimum percentage is not specified, 5% shall be used.
1.6 This practice may not be applicable to soil-rock mixtures which degrade under field compaction.
1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Nat all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
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e2
Designation: D 4718 – 87 (Reapproved 1994)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practice for
Correction of Unit Weight and Water Content for Soils
Containing Oversize Particles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4718; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—Section 6 was added editorially May 1994. Paragraph 1.7 was added editoriallly October 1998.
1. Scope age is not specified, 5 % shall be used.
1.6 This practice may not be applicable to soil-rock mix-
1.1 This practice presents a procedure for calculating the
tures which degrade under field compaction.
unit weights and water contents of soils containing oversize
1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
particles when the data are known for the soil fraction with the
one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
oversize particles removed.
education or experience and should be used in conjunction
1.2 The practice also can be used to calculate the unit
with professional judgment. Nat all aspects of this practice may
weights and water contents of soil fractions when the data are
be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
known for the total soil sample containing oversize particles.
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
1.3 This practice is based on tests performed on soils and
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
soil-rock mixtures in which the portion considered oversize is
nor should this document be applied without consideration of
that fraction of the material retained on the No. 4 sieve. Based
a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the
on these tests, this practice is applicable to soils and soil-rock
title of this document means only that the document has been
mixtures in which up to 40 % of the material is retained on the
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
No. 4 sieve. The practice also is considered valid when the
oversize fraction is that portion retained on some other sieve,
2. Referenced Documents
such as the ⁄4-in. sieve, but the limiting percentage of oversize
2.1 ASTM Standards:
particles for which the correction is valid may be lower.
C 127 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of
However, the practice is considered valid for materials having
Coarse Aggregate
up to 30 % oversize particles when the oversize fraction is that
3 D 698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
portion retained on the ⁄4-in. sieve.
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort
1.4 The factor controlling the maximum permissible per-
D 1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil In
centage of oversize particles is whether interference between
Place by the Sand-Cone Method
the oversize particles affects the unit weight of the finer
D 1557 Test Methods for Moisture-Density Relations of
fraction. For some gradations, this interference may begin to
Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures Using 10-lb (4.54-kg)
occur at lower percentages of oversize particles, so the limiting
Rammer and 18-in. (457-mm) Drop
percentage must be lower for these materials to avoid inaccu-
D 2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil In
racies in the computed correction. The person or agency using
Place by the Rubber-Balloon Method
this practice shall determine whether a lower percentage is to
D 2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water
be used.
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock
1.5 This practice may be applied to soils with any percent-
D 2922 Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-
age of oversize particles subject to the limitations given in 1.3
Aggregate In Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)
and 1.4. However, the correction may not be of practical
D 3017 Test Method for Moisture Content of Soil and
significance for soils with only small percentages of oversize
Soil-Aggregate In Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow
particles. The person or agency specifying this practice shall
Depth)
specify a minimum percentage of oversize particles below
D 4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit
which the practice need not be applied. If a minimum percent-
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and
Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.03 on Texture, Plasticity,
and Density Characteristics of Soils. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Current edition approved July 31, 1987. Published September 1987. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
D 4718
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
w 5 water content of the respective finer or oversize
poses
fractions expressed as a decimal.
4.1.2 Calculate the percentage of the finer fraction and of
3. Significance and Use
the oversize fraction of the sample by dry weight as follows:
3.1 Compaction tests on soils performed in accordance with
P 5 100 M /~M 1 M ! (2)
F DF DF DC
Test Methods D 698, D 1557, and D 4253 place limitations on
and
the maximum size of particles that may be used in the test. If
a soil contains cobbles or gravel, or both, test options may be
P 5 100 M /~M 1 M ! (3)
C DC DF DC
selected which result in particles retained on a specific sieve
where:
being discarded (for example the No. 4 (4.75-mm) or the ⁄4-in.
P 5 percent of finer fraction by weight,
(19-mm) or other appropriate size), and the test performed on
F
P 5 percent of oversize fraction by weight,
the finer fraction. The unit weight–water content relations C
M 5 mass of dry finer fraction, and
DF
determined by the tests reflect the characteristics of the actual
M 5 mass of dry oversize fraction.
DC
material tested, and not the characteristics of the total soil
4.1.3 Determine the bulk specific gravity (G )ofthe
material from which the test specimen was obtained. M
oversize fraction as set forth in Test Method C 127.
3.2 It is common engineering practice to use laboratory
4.1.4 Calculate the corrected water content and corrected
compaction tests for the design, specification, and construction
dry unit weight of the total material (combined finer and
control of soils used in earth construction. If a soil used in
oversize fractions), as follows:
construction contains large particles, and only the finer fraction
is used for laboratory tests, some method of correcting the
C 5 ~w P 1 w P ! (4)
w F F C C
laboratory test results to reflect the characteristics of the total
where:
soil is needed. This practice provides a mathematical equation
C 5 corrected water content of combined and oversize
w
for correcting the unit weight and water content of the tested
fractions,
finer fraction of a soil, to determine the unit weight and water
w 5 water content of finer fraction expressed as a deci-
F
content of the total s
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