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ASTM D5236-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for distillation of heavy hydrocarbon mixtures having initial boiling points greater than 150°C (300°F), such as heavy crude oils, petroleum distillates, residues, and synthetic mixtures. It employs a potstill with a low pressure drop entrainment separator operated under total takeoff conditions. Distillation conditions and equipment performance criteria are specified and typical apparatus is illustrated.
1.2 This test method details the procedures for the production of distillate fractions of standardized quality in the gas oil and lubricating oil range as well as the production of standard residua. In addition, it provides for the determination of standard distillation curves to the highest atmospheric equivalent temperature possible by conventional distillation.
1.3 The maximum achievable atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET) is dependent upon the heat tolerance of the charge. For most samples, a temperature up to 565°C (10570°F) can be attained. This maximum will be significantly lower for heat sensitive samples (for example, heavy residues) and might be somewhat higher for nonheat sensitive samples.
1.4 The recommended distillation method for crude oils up to cutpoint 400°C (752°F) AET is Test Method D 2892. This test method can be used for heavy crude oils with initial boiling points greater than 150—C (302°F). However, distillation curves and fraction qualities obtained by these methods are not comparable.
1.5 This test method contains the following annexes:
1.5.1 Annex A1—Test Method for Determination of the Temperature Response Time,
1.5.2 Annex A2—Practice for Calibration of Sensors,
1.5.3 Annex A3—Test Method for Dehydration of a Wet Sample of Oil,
1.5.4 Annex A4—Practice for Conversion of Observed Vapor Temperature to Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET), and
1.5.5 Annex A5—Test Method for Determination of Wettage.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings see 6.5.4.2, 6.5.6.3, 6.9.3, 9.5, 9.6 and A2.3.1.3.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-2001
ICS
71.080.01 - Organic chemicals in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.08 - Volatility
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D5236-02 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002

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ASTM D5236-01 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)ASTM D5236-01 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)
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ASTM D5236-01 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

An American National Standard
Designation: D 5236 – 01
Standard Test Method for
Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5236; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for distillation of
provided for information purposes only.
heavy hydrocarbon mixtures having initial boiling points
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
greater than 150°C (300°F), such as heavy crude oils, petro-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
leum distillates, residues, and synthetic mixtures. It employs a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
potstill with a low pressure drop entrainment separator oper-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ated under total takeoff conditions. Distillation conditions and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
equipment performance criteria are specified and typical appa-
warnings see 6.5.4.2, 6.5.6.3, 6.9.3, 9.5, 9.6, and A2.3.1.3.
ratus is illustrated.
1.2 This test method details the procedures for the produc-
2. Referenced Documents
tion of distillate fractions of standardized quality in the gas oil
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and lubricating oil range as well as the production of standard
D 941 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
residua. In addition, it provides for the determination of
cific Gravity) of Liquids by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnom-
standard distillation curves to the highest atmospheric equiva-
2
eter
lent temperature possible by conventional distillation.
D 1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
1.3 The maximum achievable atmospheric equivalent tem-
3
at Reduced Pressure
perature (AET) is dependent upon the heat tolerance of the
D 1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
charge. For most samples, a temperature up to 565°C
3
(Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
(10570°F) can be attained. This maximum will be significantly
D 1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables (Descrip-
lower for heat sensitive samples (for example, heavy residues)
3
tion only; tables published separately in 12 volumes)
and might be somewhat higher for nonheat sensitive samples.
D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
1.4 The recommended distillation method for crude oils up
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
to cutpoint 400°C (752°F) AET is Test Method D 2892. This
3
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
test method can be used for heavy crude oils with initial boiling
D 1480 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
points greater than 150°C (302°F). However, distillation curves
(Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pyc-
and fraction qualities obtained by these methods are not
3
nometer
comparable.
D 2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum
1.5 This test method contains the following annexes:
4
(15-Theoretical Plate Column)
1.5.1 Annex A1—Test Method for Determination of the
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Temperature Response Time,
4
Petroleum Products
1.5.2 Annex A2—Practice for Calibration of Sensors,
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
1.5.3 Annex A3—Test Method for Dehydration of a Wet
4
Petroleum Products
Sample of Oil,
D 5002 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
1.5.4 Annex A4—Practice for Conversion of Observed Va-
5
Crude Oils by Digital Density Analyzer
por Temperature to Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature
(AET), and
3. Terminology
1.5.5 Annex A5—Test Method for Determination of Wet-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tage.
3.1.1 boil-up rate, n—the quantity of vapor entering the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Discontinued; see 1993 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
D02.08.0C on Crude Distillation. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
4
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2001. Published February 2002. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
e1 5
published as D 5236 – 92. Last previous edition D 5236 – 99a . Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 5236
distillation head per unit time. 5. Significance and Use
3.1.1.1 Discussion—It is approximately equal to the takeoff
5.1 This test method
...

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5.1 This test method is one of a number of tests conducted on heavy hydrocarbon mixtures to characterize these materials for a refiner or a purchaser. It provides an estimate of the yields of fractions of various boiling ranges.  
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1.1 This test method covers the procedure for distillation of heavy hydrocarbon mixtures having initial boiling points greater than 150 °C (300 °F), such as heavy crude oils, petroleum distillates, residues, and synthetic mixtures. It employs a potstill with a low pressure drop entrainment separator operated under total takeoff conditions. Distillation conditions and equipment performance criteria are specified and typical apparatus is illustrated.  
1.2 This test method details the procedures for the production of distillate fractions of standardized quality in the gas oil and lubricating oil range as well as the production of standard residue. In addition, it provides for the determination of standard distillation curves to the highest atmospheric equivalent temperature possible by conventional distillation.  
1.3 The maximum achievable atmospheric equivalent temperature (AET) is dependent upon the heat tolerance of the charge. For most samples, a temperature up to 565 °C (1050 °F) can be attained. This maximum will be significantly lower for heat sensitive samples (for example, heavy residues) and might be somewhat higher for nonheat sensitive samples.  
1.4 The recommended distillation method for crude oils up to cutpoint 400 °C (752 °F) AET is Test Method D2892. This test method can be used for heavy crude oils with initial boiling points greater than 150 °C (302 °F). However, distillation curves and fraction qualities obtained by these methods are not comparable.  
1.5 This test method contains the following annexes:  
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5.1 The aniline point (or mixed aniline point) is useful as an aid in the characterization of pure hydrocarbons and in the analysis of hydrocarbon mixtures. Aromatic hydrocarbons exhibit the lowest, and paraffins the highest values. Cycloparaffins and olefins exhibit values that lie between those for paraffins and aromatics. In homologous series the aniline points increase with increasing molecular weight. Although it occasionally is used in combination with other physical properties in correlative methods for hydrocarbon analysis, the aniline point is most often used to provide an estimate of the aromatic hydrocarbon content of mixtures.
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5.1 This test method is one of a number of tests conducted on heavy hydrocarbon mixtures to characterize these materials for a refiner or a purchaser. It provides an estimate of the yields of fractions of various boiling ranges.  
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.  
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4.1 Water-insoluble materials present in a solvent expected to be completely water miscible may interfere with many uses of the solvent. This test method provides a measure of the miscibility of water-soluble solvents with a polar medium-water. It also provides a qualitative indication of the presence or absence of water-immiscible contaminants.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the miscibility of water-soluble solvents with water. While written specifically for testing acetone, isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol), and methyl alcohol (methanol), the method is suitable for testing most water-soluble solvents.  
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5.1 Autoignition, by its very nature, is dependent on the chemical and physical properties of the material and the method and apparatus employed for its determination. The autoignition temperature by a given method does not necessarily represent the minimum temperature at which a given material will self-ignite in air. The volume of the vessel used is particularly important since lower autoignition temperatures will be achieved in larger vessels. (See Appendix X2.) Vessel material can also be an important factor.  
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5.4 This test method can be employed for solid chemicals which melt and vaporize or which readily sublime at the test temperature. No condensed phase, liquid or solid, should be present when ignition occurs.  
5.5 This test method is not designed to measure the autoignition temperature of materials which are solids or liquids at the test temperature (for example, wood, paper, cotton, plastics, and high-boiling point chemicals). Such materials will thermally degrade in the flask and the accumulated degradation products may ignite.  
5.6 This test method can be used, with appropriate modifications, for chemicals that are gaseous at atmospheric temperature and pressure.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hot- and cool-flame autoignition temperatures of a liquid chemical in air at atmospheric pressure in a uniformly heated vessel.  
Note 1: Within certain limitations, this test method can also be used to determine the autoignition temperature of solid chemicals which readily melt and vaporize at temperatures below the test temperature and for chemicals that are gaseous at atmospheric pressure and temperature.
Note 2: After a round robin study, Test Method D2155 was discontinued, and replaced by Test Method E659 in 1978. See also Appendix X2.  
1.2 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D611-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The aniline point (or mixed aniline point) is useful as an aid in the characterization of pure hydrocarbons and in the analysis of hydrocarbon mixtures. Aromatic hydrocarbons exhibit the lowest, and paraffins the highest values. Cycloparaffins and olefins exhibit values that lie between those for paraffins and aromatics. In homologous series the aniline points increase with increasing molecular weight. Although it occasionally is used in combination with other physical properties in correlative methods for hydrocarbon analysis, the aniline point is most often used to provide an estimate of the aromatic hydrocarbon content of mixtures.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the aniline point of petroleum products and hydrocarbon solvents. Test Method A is suitable for transparent samples with an initial boiling point above room temperature and where the aniline point is below the bubble point and above the solidification point of the aniline-sample mixture. Test Method B, a thin-film method, is suitable for samples too dark for testing by Test Method A. Test Methods C and D are for samples that may vaporize appreciably at the aniline point. Test Method D is particularly suitable where only small quantities of sample are available. Test Method E describes a procedure using an automatic apparatus suitable for the range covered by Test Methods A and B.  
1.2 These test methods also cover the determination of the mixed aniline point of petroleum products and hydrocarbon solvents having aniline points below the temperature at which aniline will crystallize from the aniline-sample mixture.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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    English language
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