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ASTM D6093-97(2003)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium Gas Pycnometer

Standard Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium Gas Pycnometer

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percent volume nonvolatile matter of a variety of clear and pigmented coatings. The approach used should provide faster and more accurate results than the use of liquid displacement technique in Test Method D 2697, particularly for coatings that are difficult to wet or that contain voids, cracks or other defects. The improvement in accuracy stems from the superior ability of helium gas under pressure to penetrate very small pores and surface irregularities in dried films. This provides a more accurate determination of void volumes than can be obtained via liquid displacement.  
1.2 The technique will provide results under the following constraints:
1.2.1 The stability of the helium gas pycnometeris greater than ± 0.005cm3
1.2.2 Test specimen weights are greater than 1 g.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Mar-2003
ICS
25.220.01 - Surface treatment and coating in general
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6093-97 - Standard Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium Gas Pycnometer
Effective Date
10-Mar-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D6093-97(2011) - Standard Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium Gas Pycnometer
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM D5146-10(2019) - Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
Effective Date
10-Mar-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
Effective Date
10-Mar-2003
Referred By
ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
Effective Date
10-Mar-2003
Referred By
ASTM D3960-05(2018) - Standard Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings
Effective Date
10-Mar-2003

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ASTM D6093-97(2003) - Standard Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium Gas PycnometerASTM D6093-97(2003) - Standard Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium Gas Pycnometer
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ASTM D6093-97(2003) - Standard Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium Gas Pycnometer
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6093–97(Reapproved2003)
Standard Test Method for
Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented
Coatings Using a Helium Gas Pycnometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6093; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Com-
pound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percent
D4708 Practice for Preparation of Uniform Free Films of
volume nonvolatile matter of a variety of clear and pigmented
Organic Coatings
coatings. The approach used should provide faster and more
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
accurate results than the use of the liquid displacement
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
technique in Test Method D2697, particularly for coatings that
cialty Chemicals
aredifficulttowetorthatcontainvoids,cracksorotherdefects.
2.2 Other Documents:
The improvement in accuracy stems from the superior ability
2.2.1 Directions for obtaining appropriate instruction
of helium gas under pressure to penetrate very small pores and
manuals on the use, care, and operation of the instruments
surface irregularities in dried films. This provides a more
and equipment are listed in Section 5, (Apparatus).
accurate determination of void volumes than can be obtained
via liquid displacement.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.2 The technique will provide results under the following
3.1 This procedure measures the volume of nonvolatile
constraints:
material in a dried or baked coating film. A helium gas
1.2.1 The stability of the helium gas pycnometer is greater
pycnometerisusedtodeterminethevolumeoccupiedbyafilm
than 60.005 cm
by measuring the reduction of gas capacity in the pycnometer
1.2.2 Test specimen weights are greater than 1 g.
sample chamber caused by the presence of the test specimen.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
(The actual measurement is accomplished with a pressure
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
transducer that measures the difference in pressure between the
information only.
empty sample compartment and when loaded. The volume
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
occupied by the coating sample is then calculated from the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Ideal Gas Law.) The weight of the specimen is also measured
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and the two values are used to calculate the dry film density.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 The percent volume nonvolatile content of a coating is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
calculated using the dry film density, liquid coating density,
2. Referenced Documents and the weight percent nonvolatile content of the coating.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Significance and Use
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
4.1 This test method measures the volume of dry coating
and Related Products
obtainable from a given volume of liquid coating.This value is
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
useful for calculating the volatile organic content (VOC) of a
D2697 TestMethodforVolumeNonvolatileMatterinClear
coating and could be used to estimate the coverage (square feet
or Pigmented Coatings
of surface covered at a specified dry film thickness per unit
volume) obtainable with different coating products.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD01 on Paint
NOTE 1—In Practice D3960 paragraph 10.3.1, the equation for calcu-
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
lating the VOC content using the percent volume nonvolatile is given.
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
Prior to this method a satisfactory procedure for measuring percent
Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originally
volume nonvolatile did not exist (see Note 11 in Practice D3960).
approved in 1997 as D6093 – 97. DOI: 10.1520/D6093-97R03.
2 NOTE 2—Since the actual coverage of a coating includes the void
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
volume and the porosity of the film, the coverage value calculated from
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
this method will be inaccurate by that amount, that is, the actual coverage
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. will be greater. The higher the pigment to binder ratio (P/B) of a coating
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6093–97 (2003)
or the higher content of void containing material (latices, hollow beads,
5.8 Anti-Static Instrument.
etc.) or both, the greater will be the deviation of the coverage calculation
5.9 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 6 0.0001 g.
(This is also true to a lesser degree with Test Method D2697).
5.10 A Paper/Thin Film Cutter, equipped with a rolling
blade, available from most office supply centers.
4.2 For various reasons the volume nonvolatile value ob-
5.11 Polyethylene Gloves and Plastic Tweezers.
tained for a coating is often not equal to that predicted from
simple linear addition of the weights and volumes of the raw
6. Procedure
materials in a formulation. One reason is that the volume
occupied by a solution of resin in solvent may be the same, 6.1 Determine the wet coating density (pounds per gallon)
in accordance with Test Method D1475.
greater, or less than the total volume of the separate ingredi-
ents. Such contraction or expansion of resin solutions is 6.2 Determine the weight percent nonvolatile content of the
liquid sample in accordance with Test Method D2369.
governedbyanumberoffactors,oneofwhichistheextentand
direction of spread between solubility parameters of the resin 6.3 Wrap 4 by 12-in. panels (102 by 305-mm), (two per
sample) with sheeting and tape the sheeting to the back of the
and solvent.
panels with masking tape. Do not overlap the sheeting on the
4.3 The spatial configuration of the pigment particles and
backs of the panels.
the degree to which the pigment particles are filled with the
binder also affect the volume of a dry coating film. Above the
NOTE 4—The objective of this procedure is to obtain the coating free of
critical pigment volume concentration, the apparent volume of
substrate. Other collection methods, such as scraping the coating from
the dry film is significantly greater than theoretical due to the glass plates or using release paper instead of sheeting are acceptable. See
also Practice D4708 for other film preparation techniques.
increase in unfilled voids between pigment particles. The use
of volume nonvolatile matter values in such instances should
6.4 Place the wrapped panels on a panel rack and bake at
be carefully considered as the increased volume is largely due
160°C, for 10 to 15 min. Baking will tighten the sheeting and
to air trapped in these voids.
remove any wrinkles. After baking, allow panels to cool at
4.4 For thin films, the issue of critical pigment volume
room temperature for at least 15 min.
effects is usually not a concern. With high poly(vinyl chloride) 6.5 Prepareathin,uniform,bubble-freefilmonthewrapped
(PVC) films, however, liquid displacement of air voids takes
panels either by spraying or with a drawdown blade, to obtain
place with difficulty even under high pressures. Helium solves a dry film thickness of 1.0 to 1
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a practice for evaluating degree of biofouling settlement on and physical performance of marine coating systems when panels coated with such coating systems are subjected to immersion conditions in a marine environment. Guidance for preparation or exposure and handling of test specimens can be found in related ASTM standards as noted below (see Section 2).  
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4.1 This test method is designed as a screening test in the evaluation of coating systems and other materials designed to resist biofouling attachment.  
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ASTM D8331/D8331M-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Film Thickness of Thin-Film Coatings by Non-Destructive Means Using Ruggedized Optical Interference

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Coating film thickness plays a critical role in the performance of the final product. This includes physical properties (abrasion/scratch resistance, color, gloss), chemical properties (solvent resistance), corrosion resistance, and long-term durability (color change, chalk, fade).  
4.2 The non-destructive measurement system based on ruggedized optical interference transforms signal outputs in coating film thickness using digital formulas (or “recipes”) which are reproducible from one instrument to another.  
4.3 The ROI measurement unit takes a significant number of measurements which can be read in a determined period of time and each of these data points is recorded and reportable.  
4.4 Due to the number of variables that can affect film thickness during application and the number of variables that must be set in the measurement unit while determining a recipe, it is important for the producer and the user to agree upon recipe settings depending on the coating system.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method encompasses measuring the film thickness of a coil coated organic coating layer. Operators can use this method in process during the coating application or in a laboratory setting.  
1.2 This test method does not specify the expected film thickness/test results for a coating, nor the specific “recipe” file needed to measure a coating.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D6686-01(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Tannin Stain Resistance of Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tannins and other chromophoric extractives are naturally occurring materials in wood and wood-based substrates. Tannins are prevalent to a high degree in cedar, redwood, oak, and to a lesser degree in white and yellow pine. Tannins are also present in varying amounts in wood composition products. These extractives are solubilized and darkened in color by aqueous coatings, resulting in unsightly yellow or brown discolorations. This test method is designed to show the relative ability of paints to prevent tannin bleed-through. Typically, cedar or redwood panels are used for this test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is an accelerated procedure to determine the effectiveness of latex coatings at preventing the migration of tannin stains from wood substrates.  
1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
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