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ASTM D5372-93(1998)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids

Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids

SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for testing heat transfer fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered particularly useful in characterizing hydrocarbon heat transfer fluids in closed systems.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-1998
ICS
27.220 - Heat recovery. Thermal insulation
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.N0 - Hydraulic Fluids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D5372-04 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8046-21 - Standard Guide for Pumpability of Heat Transfer Fluids
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998

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ASTM D5372-93(1998) - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer FluidsASTM D5372-93(1998) - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids
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ASTM D5372-93(1998) - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 5372 – 93 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Guide for
Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5372; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
2 3
1. Scope Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
1.1 This guide provides information, without specific limits,
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
for selecting standard test methods for testing heat transfer
D 2160 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic
fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered
Fluids
particularly useful in characterizing hydrocarbon heat transfer
D 2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
fluids in closed systems.
matic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
2. Referenced Documents D 2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
D 2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Solids
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
D 2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of
D 91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating
Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
Oils
D 3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of
D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
Aviation Turbine Fuels (JFTOT Procedure)
Open Cup
D 4530 Test Method for Micro Carbon Residue of Petro-
D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
leum Products
Closed Tester
E 659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid
D 95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
Chemicals
Bituminous Materials by Distillation
G 4 Method for Conducting Corrosion Coupon Tests in
D 97 Test Methods for Pour Point of Petroleum Oils
Plant Equipment
D 189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of
Petroleum Products
3. Terminology
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
3.1 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
3 3.1.1 heat transfer fluid—in this guide, a petroleum oil or
Viscosity)
related hydrocarbon material which remains essentially a liquid
D 471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liq-
4 while transferring heat to or from an apparatus or process.
uids
Small percentages of nonhydrocarbon components such as
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
3 antioxidants and dispersants can be present.
Petroleum Products
D 664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
4. Significance and Use
by Potentiometric Titration
3 4.1 The significance of each test method will depend upon
D 893 Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils
the system in use and the purpose of the test method as listed
D 1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
3 under Section 5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test
at Reduced Pressure
methods.
D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
5. Recommended Test Procedures
5.1 Pumpability of the Fluid:
5.1.1 Flash Point, closed cup (Test Method D 93)—This
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
test method will detect low flash ends which are one cause of
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.N0 on
cavitation during pumping. In closed systems, especially when
Hydraulic Fluids.
Current edition approved March 15, 1993. Published May 1993.
The background for this standard was developed by a questionnaire circulated
by ASTM-ASLE technical division L-VI-2 and reported in Lubrication Engineer-
ing, Vol 32, No. 8, August 1976, pp. 411–416. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
3 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
4 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5372 – 93 (1998)
fluids are exposed to temperatures of 225°C (approximately 5.3 Effect on Equipment:
400°F) or higher, the formation of volatile hydrocarbons by 5.3.1 Effect on Rubber or Elastomeric Seals (Test Method
breakdown of the oil may require venting through a pressure D 471)— Most seals in heat exchange equipment are made of
relief system to prevent dangerous pressure build-up. steel or other metal. If rubber seals are present, it is desirable
5.1.2 Pour Point (Test Method D 97)—The pour point can to maintain rubber swelling in the range of 1 to 5 % to prevent
be used as an approximate guide to the minimum temperature leakage because of poor seal contact. Seals may degrade in
for normal pumping and as a general indication of fluid type some fluids. As an oil deteriorates in service, additional tests
and low temperature properties. Should a heat transfer system may be required to assure that seals remain compatible with the
be likely to be subjected to low temperatures when not in use, altered oil. The temperature ranges of the tests should corre-
the system should be trace heated to warm the fluid above spond to temperatures to which seals will be exposed in
minimum pumping temperature before start-up. service.
5.1.3 Viscosity (Test Method D 445)—Fluid viscosity is of 5.3.2 Corrosion (Guide G 4)—The above tests concern
importance in the determination of Reynolds and Prandtl selection of materials of construction with fluids usable for heat
numbers for heat transfer systems, to estimate fluid turbulence, transfer systems. Guide G 4 uses test metal specimens fixed
heat transfer coefficient, and heat flow. Generally, a fluid that is within the stream of test fluid under use. The specimens and
above approximately 200 centistokes is difficult to pump. The conditions for test must be specified for each system.
pump and system design will determine the viscosity limit 5.4 Effıciency:
required for pumping. The construction of a viscosity/ 5.4.1 Thermal Conductivity (Test Method D 2717) and Spe-
temperature curve using determined viscosities can be used to cific Heat (Test Method D 2766)—These thermal conductivity
estimate minimum pumping temperature. and specific heat tests are difficult to carry out, facilities for
5.1.4 Specific Gravity (Test Method D 1298)—Hydraulic performing them are few, and the precision data is yet to be
shock during pumping has been predicted via the use of a established. Values can be estimated for design use from the
combination of density and compressibility data. general chemical composition. Differences contribute to effi-
5.1.5 Water Content (Test Method D 95)—The water con- ciency to a lesser degree than values such as viscosity, moisture
tent of a fresh heat transfer fluid can be used to indicate how contamination, and other measurable values in 5.1 and 5.5 of
long the heat transfer system must be dried out during this guide. The values for thermal conductivit
...

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1.1 This guide provides information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for testing heat transfer fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered particularly useful in characterizing hydrocarbon heat transfer fluids in closed systems.  
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ASTM C680-23a(Practice)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Manufacturers of thermal insulation express the performance of their products in charts and tables showing heat gain or loss per unit surface area or unit length of pipe. This data is presented for typical insulation thicknesses, operating temperatures, surface orientations (facing up, down, horizontal, vertical), and in the case of pipes, different pipe sizes. The exterior surface temperature of the insulation is often shown to provide information on personnel protection or surface condensation. However, additional information on effects of wind velocity, jacket emittance, ambient conditions and other influential parameters may also be required to properly select an insulation system. Due to the large number of combinations of size, temperature, humidity, thickness, jacket properties, surface emittance, orientation, and ambient conditions, it is not practical to publish data for each possible case, Refs (7,8).  
5.2 Users of thermal insulation faced with the problem of designing large thermal insulation systems encounter substantial engineering cost to obtain the required information. This cost can be substantially reduced by the use of accurate engineering data tables, or available computer analysis tools, or both. The use of this practice by both manufacturers and users of thermal insulation will provide standardized engineering data of sufficient accuracy for predicting thermal insulation system performance. However, it is important to note that the accuracy of results is extremely dependent on the accuracy of the input data. Certain applications may need specific data to produce meaningful results.  
5.3 The use of analysis procedures described in this practice can also apply to designed or existing systems. In the rectangular coordinate system, Practice C680 can be applied to heat flows normal to flat, horizontal or vertical surfaces for all types of enclosures, such as boilers, furnaces, refrigerated chambers and building envelopes. In the cylindrical c...
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1.1 This practice provides the algorithms and calculation methodologies for predicting the heat loss or gain and surface temperatures of certain thermal insulation systems that can attain one dimensional, steady- or quasi-steady-state heat transfer conditions in field operations.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements for faced thermal insulation boards composed of rigid cellular polyisocyanurate surfaced with other materials. This standard is intended to apply to rigid cellular polyurethane-modified polyisocyanurate thermal insulation board products that are commercially acceptable as nonstructural panels useful in building construction. The materials are classified as follows: Types I, II, III, IV, and V. Under Type I are Classes 1 and 2. Under Type II are Classes 1, 2, and 3. Under Type II Class 1 are Grades 1, 2, and 3. Rigid polyisocyanurate thermal insulation boards shall be based upon the reaction of an isocyanate with a polyol, or the reaction of an isocyanate with itself, or both, using a catalyst and blowing agents to form a rigid closed-cell-structured polyisocyanurate foam. The insulation foam core shall be homogeneous and of uniform density. The following test methods shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements: conditioning; thermal resistance; compressive strength; dimensional stability; flexural strength; tensile strength perpendicular to board surface; water absorption; and water vapor transmission.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for faced thermal insulation boards composed of rigid cellular polyisocyanurate surfaced with other materials. The insulation boards are intended for use at temperatures between −40 and 200°F (−40 and 93°C). This specification does not cover cryogenic applications. Consult the manufacturer for specific recommendations and properties in cryogenic conditions. For specific applications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 This standard is intended to apply to rigid cellular polyurethane-modified polyisocyanurate thermal insulation board products that are commercially acceptable as non-structural panels useful in building construction. The term polyisocyanurate encompasses the term polyurethane. For engineering and design purposes, users should follow specific product information provided by board manufacturers regarding physical properties, system design considerations and installation recommendations.
Note 1: See Appendix X1 for guidance on determining wind pressure resistance of panels when required for wall sheathing applications.  
1.3 The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification is typically regulated by building codes, or other agencies that address fire performance. Where required, the fire performance of the material shall be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 2: For conversion to metric units other than those contained in this standard, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10.  
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Content of Volume Solids and Coverage of Mastics and Coatings  
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1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical properties of mineral-fiber blanket insulation used to thermally or acoustically insulate ceilings, floors, and walls in light frame construction and manufactured housing. The requirements cover fibrous blankets and facings. Values for water-vapor permeance of facings are suggested for information that will be helpful to designers and installers.  
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ASTM C686-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Parting Strength of Mineral Fiber Batt- and Blanket-Type Insulation

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1.1 This test method covers evaluation of strength in tension on mineral fiber batt- and blanket-type insulation products. It is useful for determining the comparative tensile properties of these products, specimens of which cannot be held by the more conventional clamp-type grips. This is a quality control method, and the results shall not be used for design purposes. It is not suitable for board-type products.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM C1134-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Rigid Thermal Insulations Following Partial Immersion

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4.1 Materials less than or equal to 15 mm (0.59 in.) in thickness shall not be tested in accordance with this test method in order to avoid complete immersion of the specimens. This type of exposure is beyond the scope of this test method.  
4.2 This test method is used to assess both the short-term water retention and the long-term water retention. The short-term water retention is assessed as the average of the water retained following partial immersion intervals of 0.75-h and 3.00-h, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness). The long-term water retention is assessed as the water retained following a 168-h partial immersion interval, in kilograms per square meter (percent by volume) (for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness).  
4.3 Materials shall be tested at both actual product thickness and 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness provided the materials can be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) without changing the original character of the materials. If a product cannot be cut without changing the original character of the material, the corresponding information shall be provided in the test report. Results shall be reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area (in units of kilograms per square meter) for materials tested at actual product thickness and on the basis of equal specimen volume (in units of percent by volume) for materials tested at 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) thickness. If a product cannot be cut to a thickness of 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) or if the actual product thickness is less than 25.4 mm (1.00 in.) but greater than 15 mm (0.59 in.), the product shall only be tested at actual product thickness and results only reported on the basis of equal nominal wetted specimen surface area.  
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1.1 This test method determines the amount of water retained (including surface water) by rigid block and board thermal insulations used in building construction applications after these materials have been partially immersed in liquid water for prescribed time intervals under isothermal conditions. This test method is intended to be used for the characterization of materials in the laboratory. It is not intended to simulate any particular environmental condition potentially encountered in building construction applications.  
1.2 This test method does not address all the possible mechanisms of water intake and retention and related phenomena for rigid thermal insulations. It relates only to those conditions outlined in 1.1. Determination of moisture accumulation in thermal insulations due to complete immersion, water vapor transmission, internal condensation, freeze-thaw cycling, or a combination of these effects requires different test procedures.  
1.3 Each partial immersion interval is followed by a brief free-drainage period. This test method does not address or attempt to quantify the drainage characteristics of materials. Therefore, results for materials with different internal structure and porosity, such as cellular materials and fibrous materials, are not necessarily directly comparable. Also, test results for specimens of different thickness are not necessarily directly comparable because of porosity effects. The surface characteristics of a material also affect drainage. It is possible that specimens with rough surfaces will retain more surface water than specimens with smooth surfaces, and that surface treatment during specimen preparation will affect water intake and retention. Therefore, it is not advisable to directly compare results for materials with different surface characteristics.  
1.4 For most materials the size of the test specimens is small compared with the size of the products actually inst...

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