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ASTM D3810-97(2007)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Minimum Application Torque of Type IA Child-Resistant Closures (Withdrawn 2016)

Standard Test Method for Minimum Application Torque of Type IA Child-Resistant Closures (Withdrawn 2016)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method may be used to:
Compare the functioning of two or more kinds of Type IA closures.
Determine or aid in the recommendations for minimum immediate removal torque or minimum application torque for the proper securing of Type IA child-resistant closures after evaluation of the torque degradation characteristics of the closure-container system.
Compare immediate removal torque to fully degraded, with long-term storage, removal torque for a given closure-container system.
Provide for the evaluation of one aspect of child-resistant closure continuous functioning by projected reverse-ratchet abuse.
Compare application torque retentions of given Type IA closures following a change in lining material, closure material, container type, or any other change from the closure-container system initially evaluated.
Assure by determining reverse-ratchet torques and removal torques, that the given Type IA child-resistant closure is continuing to function as it did during child and adult protocol (16 CFR 1700.20).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of or the recommendation for minimum application torque that results in a fully degraded removal torque that is at a level greater than the maximum expected reverse-ratchet torque for a Type IA child-resistant closure. (See Classification D 3475).
1.2 This test method provides a procedure that will assure the maintenance of the respective child-resistant properties of Type IA child-resistant closures.
1.3 A major limitation to the determination of minimum application torque of Type IA child-resistant closures is because many cappers lack the capability for measuring closure application torques; therefore, minimal recommendations derived from this method are, of necessity, defined in terms of the immediate removal torques.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the determination of or the recommendation for minimum application torque that results in a fully degraded removal torque that is at a level greater than the maximum expected reverse-ratchet torque for a Type IA child-resistant closure.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D10 on Packaging, this test method was withdrawn in January 2016 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
30-Sep-2007
Withdrawal Date
13-Jan-2016
ICS
55.020 - Packaging and distribution of goods in general
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3810-97(2002) - Standard Test Method for Minimum Application Torque of Type IA Child-Resistant Closures
Effective Date
01-Oct-2007

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ASTM D3810-97(2007) - Standard Test Method for Minimum Application Torque of Type IA Child-Resistant Closures (Withdrawn 2016)ASTM D3810-97(2007) - Standard Test Method for Minimum Application Torque of Type IA Child-Resistant Closures (Withdrawn 2016)
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ASTM D3810-97(2007) - Standard Test Method for Minimum Application Torque of Type IA Child-Resistant Closures (Withdrawn 2016)
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3810 − 97(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Minimum Application Torque of Type IA Child-Resistant
Closures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3810; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 Other Standards:
16 CFR 1700 Title 16—Commercial Practices, Chapter
1.1 This test method covers the determination of or the
II—CPSC, Subchapter E, Poison Prevention Packaging
recommendationforminimumapplicationtorquethatresultsin
Act of 1970 Regulations, Part 1700—Poison Prevention
a fully degraded removal torque that is at a level greater than
Packaging
the maximum expected reverse-ratchet torque for a Type IA
ISO Bulletin 2233 Packaging—Complete, Filled, Transport
child-resistant closure. (See Classification D3475).
Packages—Part 2: Conditioning for Testing
1.2 This test method provides a procedure that will assure
the maintenance of the respective child-resistant properties of
3. Terminology
Type IA child-resistant closures.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 A major limitation to the determination of minimum
3.1.1 Type IA child-resistant closure—a reclosable continu-
application torque of Type IA child-resistant closures is be-
ous thread closure requiring a random push-down force while
cause many cappers lack the capability for measuring closure
turning to remove from the container. No orientation of the
application torques; therefore, minimal recommendations de-
push-down force is necessary.
rivedfromthismethodare,ofnecessity,definedintermsofthe
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
immediate removal torques.
3.2.1 application torque—the moment of a force or the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
system of forces tending to cause rotation of an appropriate
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
closure over the neck finish of an appropriate container,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
causing the closure to be applied and secured to the container.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.2 removal torque—the moment of a force or the system
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of forces tending to cause rotation of an appropriate closure in
adirectionoppositetothatofapplicationcausingtheclosureto
2. Referenced Documents
be unsecured from its position on the neck finish of an
2.1 ASTM Standards:
appropriate container.
D3198 Test Method forApplication and Removal Torque of
3.2.3 reverse-ratchet torque—the moment of a force or the
Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
system of forces tending to cause rotation of the outer shell
D3472 Test Method for Reverse-Ratchet Torque of Type IA
over the inner shell of a Type IA child-resistant closure. The
Child-Resistant Closures
rotationisinadirectionoppositetothatforclosureapplication.
D3474 Practice for Calibration and Use of Torque Meters
3.2.4 degraded removal torque—that removal torque found,
Used in Packaging Applications
D3475 Classification of Child-Resistant Packages after a suitable period of storage of the package under
controlled conditions of temperature and relative humidity,
when the liner (or cap, if there is no liner) is at a completely
relaxed state and when no significant change occurs in the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
removal torque after this period of storage.
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.32 on Consumer,
Pharmaceutical, Medical, and Child Resistant Packaging.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D3810 – 97 (2002).
DOI: 10.1520/D3810-97R07. AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.access.gpo.gov.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3810 − 97 (2007)
NOTE 2—While the greater portion of the torque change may be
4. Summary of Test Method
expectedtooccurwithintheinitialthreedaysafterclosureapplication,the
4.1 Representative samples of Type IA child-resistant clo-
torque may continue to change for some additional time.
sures and appropriate containers are preconditioned in a
7.1.2 Datapointsshouldincludeimmediatetesting,oneday,
controlled environment of temperature and relative humidity.
one week, two weeks, three weeks, and four weeks.
4.2 Representative samples of Type IA child-resistant clo-
7.1.3 Select unused closures, complete with liners if
sures are then applied to appropriate containers using a
appropriate, and unused containers, with the correct corre-
torque-measuring device.
sponding size finish, that are within specifications.
4.3 Reverse-ratchet torque ranges are determined by using
8. Calibration
Test Method D3472.
8.1 Calculate the torque meter in accordance with Practice
4.4 Application torque level ranges are evaluated by using
D3474.
Test Method D3198.
4.5 Tests are continued over an appropriate period of time
9. Conditioning
sufficient to demonstrate no significant change in closure
9.1 Control the relative humidity and temperature condi-
removal torque levels.
tionsinsuchawaythatthedatamaybereasonablycomparable
when repetitive testing of closure-container combinations for
5. Significance and Use
removal torque is intended. The atmosphere conditions in
5.1 This test method may be used to:
Table 1 may be used when special conditioning is applicable.
5.2 Compare the functioning of two or more kinds of Type
Other atmosphere conditions may also be used as appropriate.
IA closures.
NOTE 3—Closure application and removal torque levels may be
5.3 Determine or aid in the recommendations for minimum influenced by such variables as time, temperature, relative humidity, and
conditioning of the closures and containers prior to testing and by
immediate removal torque or minimum application torque for
temperature and relative humidity during storage and at the time of
the proper securing of Type IA child-resistant closures after
testing.
evaluation of the torque degradation characteristics of the
9.2 Precondition the components separately in a controlled
closure-container system.
environment of temperature and relative humidity a minimum
5.4 Compare immediate removal torque to fully degraded,
of 48 h prior to their being combined into closure-container
with long-term storage, removal torque for a given closure-
systemstobeevaluated.Donotstackthecomponentstoassure
container system.
an adequate circulation of air around them.
5.5 Provide for the evaluation of one aspect of child-
9.2.1 For temperatures that are considered to be extreme, a
resistant closure continuous functioning by projected reverse-
tolerance of 63°C is recommended. For temperatures that are
ratchet abuse.
not considered to be extreme, a tolerance of 62°C is recom-
mended. For relative humidity, a tolerance of 62 % relative
5.6 Compare application torque retentions of given Type
...

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1.2 The horizontal impacts used in these test methods are programmed shock inputs that represent the hazards as they occur in the shipping and handling environments. The environmental hazards may include rail switching impacts, lift truck marshalling impacts, and so forth. The following test methods apply:  
1.2.1 Method A, Rail Car Switching Impact—This test method simulates the types of shock pulses experienced by lading in rail car switching, with the use of a rigid bulkhead on the leading edge of the test carriage, to simulate the end wall of a railcar and shock programming devices to produce representative shock pulses. With the use of backloading, this test method may also be used to simulate compressive forces experienced by lading loads during rail car switching. It is suitable for tests of individual containers or systems as they are shipped in rail cars. It may also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of pallet patterns to determine the effect of interaction between containers during rail switching operation impacts.  
1.2.2 Method B, Marshalling Impact Tests of Unit Loads—This test method assesses the ability of unit loads to withstand the forces encountered during marshalling or loading operations.  
1.3 The test levels may be varied to represent the mode on shipping and handling used for the item under test.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6344-04(2017)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the ability of packaging to resist the force of concentrated impacts from outside sources, such as those encountered in various modes of transportation and handling. These impacts may be inflicted by adjacent freight jostling against the package in a carrier vehicle, by accidental bumps against other freight when loaded or unloaded from vehicles, by packages bumping against one another during sorting on conveyors or chutes, or many other circumstances.  
4.2 This test method is intended to determine the ability of packaging to protect contents from such impacts, and to evaluate if there is sufficient clearance or support or both between the package wall and its contents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures and equipment for testing complete filled transport packages for resistance against concentrated low-level impacts typical of those encountered in the distribution environment. The test is most appropriate for packages such as thin fluted/lighter grade corrugated boxes or stretch-wrapped packaging.  
1.2 The test result is a pass/fail determination, based on acceptance criteria previously established, and a record of the energy dissipated by the complete filled transport package during a low level concentrated impact.
Note 1: This test method discusses the conduct of the test from a prescribed height that either meets or does not meet specific acceptance criteria. It may be possible to conduct this type of testing using modified procedures that provide a numerical response. These might include an incremental test where the drop height (or mass) is increased until a specific failure occurs or an up-and-down or staircase procedure used to find the average height to failure.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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