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ASTM D3121-17

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Tack of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives by Rolling Ball

Standard Test Method for Tack of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives by Rolling Ball

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The rolling-ball tack test is fast, easy to run, and requires little investment in equipment and little operator training. This test is intended primarily for quality control use since it demonstrates good reproducibility within a single laboratory and ability to detect batch-to-batch variations accurately if adhesive film thickness is held constant. Rolling ball tack is not intended as an investigative tool since for most pressure sensitive adhesive applications rolling ball tack results do not correlate well with application tack requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the comparative tack of pressure-sensitive adhesives by a rolling ball and is most appropriate for low-tack adhesives. This test method is only one of several available for the measurement of tack.  
1.1.1 This test method is not recommended for the specification of end use products.  
1.2 Values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently without combining values in any way.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2017
ICS
83.180 - Adhesives
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.14 - Tape and Labels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM D6123/D6123M-97(2020) - Standard Specification for Pressure-Sensitive Tape for Light-Duty Packaging and General Purpose Masking
Effective Date
01-May-2017
Referred By
ASTM D6465-99(2016) - Standard Guide for Selecting Aerospace and General Purpose Adhesives and Sealants
Effective Date
01-May-2017

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ASTM D3121-17 - Standard Test Method for Tack of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives by Rolling BallASTM D3121-17 - Standard Test Method for Tack of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives by Rolling Ball
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ASTM D3121-17 - Standard Test Method for Tack of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives by Rolling Ball
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3121 − 17
Standard Test Method for
1
Tack of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives by Rolling Ball
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3121; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Many of the terms found in this test
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the compara-
method are defined in Terminology D907.
tive tack of pressure-sensitive adhesives by a rolling ball and is
most appropriate for low-tack adhesives. This test method is
4. Summary of Test Method
only one of several available for the measurement of tack.
4.1 In the determination of tack by the rolling-ball method,
1.1.1 This test method is not recommended for the specifi-
a steel ball is released at the top of an incline, allowed to
cation of end use products.
accelerate down the incline and roll on to a horizontal surface
1.2 Values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be
covered with a pressure-sensitive adhesive. Tack is determined
regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
by measuring the distance that the ball travels across the
system may not be exact equivalents, therefore, each system
adhesive before stopping. There are two major retarding forces
must be used independently without combining values in any
applied by the adhesive to the ball: (1) the adhesion between
way.
the ball and the adhesive, often called “grab,” and (2) the
“plowing effect” or energy required to push the adhesive out of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the ball’s path.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Test results are influenced by (1) adhesive film
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
thickness, (2) bond of adhesive to backing, and (3) backing
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
rigidity, so these factors must be carefully controlled for
satisfactory comparisons.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5. Significance and Use
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.1 Therolling-balltacktestisfast,easytorun,andrequires
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
little investment in equipment and little operator training. This
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
test is intended primarily for quality control use since it
demonstrates good reproducibility within a single laboratory
2. Referenced Documents
and ability to detect batch-to-batch variations accurately if
adhesivefilmthicknessisheldconstant.Rollingballtackisnot
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
intended as an investigative tool since for most pressure
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
sensitive adhesive applications rolling ball tack results do not
E171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier
correlate well with application tack requirements.
Packaging
D5750/D5750M Guide for Width and Length of Pressure-
6. Apparatus (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2)
Sensitive Tape
6.1 Inclined Trough equipped with a release lever at the top
through which the ball gains downhill momentum. The ball is
7
a11mm( ⁄16in.)diametersteelballunlessotherwisespecified.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape and
7. Reagents
Labels.
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2017.PublishedJuly2017.Originallyapproved
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals should be
in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3121 – 06 which was
used in all tests. Other grades may be used, provided it is first
withdrawn January 2015 and reinstated in May 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D3121-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
permit its use without lessening accuracy of the determination.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 7.2 Solvents:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3121 − 17
10.2 Prior to the tests of each lot of adhesive
...

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This specification covers repositionable pressure-sensitive flags used to mark, flag, and index documents, books, periodicals, and so forth. Flags covered here consist of a single sheet of matte film partially covered by adhesive. A non-adhesive tab or section at one end of the flag serves for easy removal from most surfaces, including paper. The backing shall consist of polyester, polypropylene, or polyethylene film, and shall have a transparent matte surface on one side that is writable by pens and pencils. Flags are available in the following types: Type 1, which are of specified width, and have a colored tab at one end; Type 2, which are of the same width as Type 1, and have a printed message on the top side of the flag; Type 3, which twice the width of Type 1, and have a white tab at one end to highlight writing; Type 4, which are half the width of Type 1, and have a colored tab at one end; and Type 5, which are half the width of Type 1, and have an arrow or a message printed on the top side of the flag. Sampled specimens shall conform to physical requirements in terms of minimum and maximum adhesion, dispension force, and thickness.
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5.1 These test methods provide a quantitative measure of the pressure-sensitive tack property of an adhesive.
FIG. 1 Loop Tack Test Fixture 1  
FIG. 2 Loop Tack Test Fixture 2  
FIG. 3 Loop Tack Sample During Test  
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of properties of a pressure-sensitive adhesive. These test methods are applicable to those adhesives that form a bond of measurable strength rapidly upon contact with another surface. Tack force may be measured as the force required to separate the adhesive from the adherend at the interface shortly after they have been brought into contact under a load equal only to the weight of the pressure-sensitive article (for example, tape, label, sticker, etc.) on a 1 in.2 contact area.  
1.2 The following test methods are included:  
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1.2.2 Test Method B (using Loop Tack Tester).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard because the industry standard width for pressure-sensitive tape is 1 inch. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When a box becomes wet, the performance of the box and its closure are reduced. It is desirable to have box closure methods that retain an ability to keep the box closed when wet. Sealing or reinforcing methods sometimes are useful to improve performance of wet boxes and closures. Water resistance is sometimes a regulatory or contractual requirement.  
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5.1 This procedure simulates hand and machine unwinding of tape at low rates. The force required for unwinding at low rates is a function of rate. At some rate (expected to be different for each construction type and manufacturer) there occurs an inversion of the response. The rate for this test method does not allow for comparisons of different tapes that will be unwound at high rates.  
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5.1 This test method measures the cohesive strength of the adhesive on a pressure sensitive article. The time to failure can predict end use properties of pressure sensitive articles such as edge ooze from cold flow; trimming, slitting and die cutting quality; telescoping in tapes; ability to seal packages; and vertical holding power.  
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This specification covers paper-backed pressure sensitive tapes used for light-duty packaging and masking. The paper presents two types of pressure-sensitive tape: type I - crepe paper backed, and type II - flat paper backed. The materials used in the construction of the tape shall be such as to ensure conformance to the requirements specified. The tape shall comply with the physical requirements specified. Specimen preparation shall be as specified in the appropriate test method. Number of tests per unit of product shall be as specified in the appropriate test method. Accelerated aging, adhesion, tensile and elongation, tack, and thickness shall be tested to meet the requirements specified.
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ASTM D5750/D5750M-95(2020)(Guide)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Conformance to this guide will reduce chances of misunderstanding between suppliers and users of pressure-sensitive tapes.  
4.2 It is recommended that this guide be referenced where widths and lengths of pressure-sensitive tapes are stated, such as in contracts, orders, advertisements, and labeling.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidelines for widths and lengths of pressure-sensitive tape, including tolerances and labeling in the inch-pound and SI systems. It is not intended for tapes used for medical, surgical, or label stock purposes.  
1.2 Units stated in the inch-pound system followed by a calculated unit in the SI system are to be regarded separately as standard and should not be interchangeable with units stated in the SI system. The units stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
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ASTM D3813/D3813M-98(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Curling, Twisting, and Tubing on Unwind of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method will provide information on the relative tendency of tapes to curl, twist, or form into a tube with touching edges. The amount of each is a predictor of the difficulty one might experience in handling strips of tape of any length during their application.  
5.2 There are several causes for variation in the extent or degree of these characteristics and may vary themselves within a production lot of tape. Therefore, it is essential to use an accepted sampling plan (see Section 7) when it is desired to use this test method to compare two types of tape for acceptance sampling purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides one procedure for determining the extent of curling, the degree of twisting, and tendency to form a tube resulting from unwinding of the tape from its roll.  
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3652/D3652M-01(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Thickness of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Thickness is an important property of tapes, and this dimension is important for certain end uses. This test method is useful for quality control and for acceptance testing for conformance to specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thickness of pressure-sensitive tapes at standard conditions.  
1.2 This test method is intended to replace AFERA 40062 and PSTC 33.2  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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