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ASTM C361-14a

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe

Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.  
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the specification.Note 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included in specifications for pipe laying.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2014
ICS
23.040.50 - Pipes and fittings of other materials
Technical Committee
C13 - Concrete Pipe
Drafting Committee
C13.04 - Low Head Pressure Pipe
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C361-14 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe
Effective Date
01-Apr-2014
Replaced By
ASTM C361-16 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe
Effective Date
01-Sep-2016
Referred By
ASTM C1885-21 - Standard Specification for Circular Precast Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe for Pipe Jacking
Effective Date
01-Apr-2014
Referred By
ASTM C1619-20 - Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Concrete Structures
Effective Date
01-Apr-2014

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C361 −14a
StandardSpecification for
1
Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C361; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope A1008/A1008MSpecification for Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled,
Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe in-
Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, Solution
tended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines
Hardened, and Bake Hardenable
with low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding
A1011/A1011MSpecification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
125 ft.
Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to
Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved
Specification C361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented
Formability, and Ultra-High Strength
in the specification.
A1064/A1064MSpecification for Carbon-Steel Wire and
Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for
NOTE 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not
coveredbythisspecificationforthemanufactureofthepipebutshouldbe
Concrete
included in specifications for pipe laying.
C31/C31MPractice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Specimens in the Field
2. Referenced Documents
C33Specification for Concrete Aggregates
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C39/C39MTest Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
A27/A27MSpecification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for
drical Concrete Specimens
General Application
C150Specification for Portland Cement
A36/A36MSpecification for Carbon Structural Steel
C260Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-
A283/A283MSpecification for Low and Intermediate Ten-
crete
sile Strength Carbon Steel Plates
C309Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
A575 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant
pounds for Curing Concrete
Quality, M-Grades
C497MTest Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,
A576Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought,
or Tile (Metric)
Special Quality
C595Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
A615/A615MSpecificationforDeformedandPlainCarbon-
C618Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
A675/A675MSpecification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-
C655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load
Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
A706/A706MSpecification for Deformed and Plain Low-
C822Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
Products
C1602/C1602MSpecification for Mixing Water Used in the
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
ConcretePipeandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC13.04onLowHead
C1619Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Con-
Pressure Pipe.
crete Structures
Current edition approved April 1, 2014. Published April 2014. Originally
D698Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C361–14. DOI:
3
10.1520/C0361-14A.
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
2
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
kN-m/m ))
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D4253Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C361−14a
D4254Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit lan cement, except that the pozzolan constituent in theType IP
Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density portland pozzolan cement shall not exceed 20% by weight.
2.2 Other Standards: 6.2.2 Fly Ash or Pozzolan—Fly ash or pozzolan shall
ACI Code 318Standard Building Code Requirements for
conform to the requirements of Specification C618.
3
Reinforced Concrete
6.2.3 Allowable Cementitious Materials—The combination
4
AISI-C1012
of cementitious materials used in the concrete shall be one of
ASCE 15-93Standard Practice for Direct Design of Buried
the following:
Precast Concrete Pipe Using Standard Installations
6.2.3.1 Portland cement only,
(SIDD)
6.2.3.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C361 − 14 C361 − 14a
Standard Specification for
1
Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C361; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the construction of pressure pipelines with low
internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding 125 ft.
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the
specification.
NOTE 1—Field tests on completed portions of the pipeline are not covered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should be included
in specifications for pipe laying.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A27/A27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application
A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
3
A82/A82M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement (Withdrawn 2013)
3
A185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete (Withdrawn 2013)
A283/A283M Specification for Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates
3
A496/A496M Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete Reinforcement (Withdrawn 2013)
3
A497/A497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete (Withdrawn 2013)
A575 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant Quality, M-Grades
A576 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality
A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
A706/A706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A1008/A1008M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength
Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, Solution Hardened, and Bake Hardenable
A1011/A1011M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-
Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, and Ultra-High Strength
A1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete
C497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.04 on Low Head Pressure
Pipe.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014April 1, 2014. Published February 2014April 2014. Originally approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 20122014 as
C361 – 12.C361 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/C0361-14.10.1520/C0361-14A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C361 − 14a
C655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
C1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Concrete Structures
3 3
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600 kN-m/m ))
D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Usi
...

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This specification covers reinforced concrete low-head pressure pipe. Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes shall be determined by the results of such material tests. The reinforced concrete shall consist of Portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together. Portland cement shall conform to the requirements specified. Aggregates shall conform to the requirements specified, except that the requirements for grading are waived. Admixtures, except for air-entraining agents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted by the owner. Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the requirements prescribed. Steel castings for fittings shall conform to grade 70-36. Steel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to requirements specified. All rubber gaskets shall be extruded or molded and cured in such a manner that any cross section will be dense, homogeneous, and free of porosity, blisters, pitting, and other imperfections. Joints shall utilize steel joint rings, steel bells and concrete spigots, or be formed entirely of concrete. The aggregates shall be graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed with the proportions of cementitious material and water that will produce a workable, uniform, homogeneous concrete mixture. Compression tests of cylinders and hydrostatic tests of pipes shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
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FIG. 2 Remote Inspection Camera  
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1.4 Person Entry shall be used unless extenuating circumstances preclude this type inspection. Remote inspection is acceptable for use for pipe diameters of 30 in. [750 mm] and smaller unless otherwise specified by owner or engineer.  
1.5 Access of installed pipe for manual inspection shall follow OSHA 29 CFR PART 1926 SUBPART AA regulations for confined space entry. However, this standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This practice does not cover deformation or deflection assessment. Concrete pipe is classified as a rigid structure because they do not bend or deflect appreciably under load before cracking. Due to these facts shape evaluation are of little or no value when evaluating concrete pipe.  
1.7 The values stated in either Imperial/US or [SI units] are to be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM C1433M-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers (Metric)

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the standards for single-cell precast reinforced concrete box sections cast monolithically and proposed for use in the construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water industrial sewage. The reinforced concrete shall be composed of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates and water, in which steel has been embedded. The aggregates shall be sized, graded, and mixed to the proportion that will produce a homogeneous mixture. The box sections shall also undergo steam curing, water curing, and membrane curing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers single-cell precast reinforced concrete box sections cast monolithically and intended to be used for the construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water industrial wastes and sewage.  
1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C1433.
Note 1: This specification is primarily a manufacturing and purchasing specification. However, standard designs are included and the criteria used to develop these designs are given in Appendix X1. The successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the box section, bedding, backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications. The purchaser of the precast reinforced concrete box sections specified herein is cautioned that he must properly correlate the loading conditions and the field requirements with the box section specified and provide for inspection at the construction site.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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