ASTM A341/A341M-00(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Direct Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using D-C Permeameters and the Ballistic Test Methods
Standard Test Method for Direct Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using D-C Permeameters and the Ballistic Test Methods
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Permeameters require the use of yokes to complete the magnetic circuit and are therefore inherently less accurate than ring test methods. Refer to Test Method A596/A596M for further details on ring test methods. However, when testing certain shapes as bars or when magnetic field strength in excess of 200 Oe [15.9 or more kA/m] are required, permeameters are the only practical means of measuring magnetic properties.
This test method is suitable for specification acceptance, service evaluation, research and development and design.
When the test specimen is fabricated from a larger sample and is in the same condition as the larger sample, it may not exhibit magnetic properties representative of the original sample. In such instances the test results, when viewed in context of past performance history, will be useful for judging the suitability of the material for the intended application.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides dc permeameter tests for the basic magnetic properties of materials in the form of bars, rods, wire, or strip specimens which may be cut, machined, or ground from cast, compacted, sintered, forged, extruded, rolled, or other fabricated materials. It includes tests for determination of the normal induction under symmetrically cyclically magnetized (SCM) conditions and the hysteresis loop (B-H loop) taken under conditions of rapidly changing or steep wavefront reversals of the direct current magnetic field strength.
1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice A34/A34M.
1.3 This test method covers a range of magnetic field strength in the specimen from about 0.05 Oe [4 A/m] up to above 5000 Oe [400 kA/M] through the use of several permeameters. The separate permeameters cover this test region in several overlapping ranges.
1.4 Normal induction and hysteresis properties may be determined over the flux density range from essentially zero to intrinsic saturation for most materials.
1.5 Recommendations of the useful magnetic field strength range for each of the permeameters are shown in Table 1 . Also, see Sections 3 and 4 for general limitations relative to the use of permeameters.
1.6 The symbols and abbreviated definitions used in this test method appear with Fig. 1 and in appropriate sections of this document. For the official definitions, see Terminology A340. Note that the term flux density used in this document is synonymous with the term magnetic induction.
1.7 WarningMercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.8 The values and equations stated in customary cgs-emu and inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
TABLE 1 Permeameters PermeameterUseful Magnetic Field Strength RangeAH Measuring
DeviceB Reluctance
...
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A341/A341M–00 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Direct Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using D-C
1
Permeameters and the Ballistic Test Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA341/A341M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
1.1 This test method provides dc permeameter tests for the
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website
basicmagneticpropertiesofmaterialsintheformofbars,rods,
(http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional informa-
wire, or strip specimens which may be cut, machined, or
tion. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-
ground from cast, compacted, sintered, forged, extruded,
containingproducts,orboth,inyourstatemaybeprohibitedby
rolled, or other fabricated materials. It includes tests for
state law.
determination of the normal induction under symmetrically
1.8 The values and equations stated in customary cgs-emu
cyclically magnetized (SCM) conditions and the hysteresis
and inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as
loop (B-H loop) taken under conditions of rapidly changing or
standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets
steep wavefront reversals of the direct current magnetic field
except for the sections concerning calculations where there are
strength.
separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values
1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
Practice A34/A34M.
each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-
1.3 This test method covers a range of magnetic field
ingvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnonconformance
strength in the specimen from about 0.05 Oe [4 A/m] up to
with this standard.
above 5000 Oe [400 kA/M] through the use of several
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
permeameters. The separate permeameters cover this test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
region in several overlapping ranges.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.4 Normal induction and hysteresis properties may be
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
determined over the flux density range from essentially zero to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
intrinsic saturation for most materials.
1.5 Recommendations of the useful magnetic field strength
2. Referenced Documents
2
range for each of the permeameters are shown in Table 1 .
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Also,seeSections3and4forgenerallimitationsrelativetothe
A34/A34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement Testing
use of permeameters.
of Magnetic Materials
1.6 Thesymbolsandabbreviateddefinitionsusedinthistest
A340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to
method appear with Fig. 1 and in appropriate sections of this
Magnetic Testing
document. For the official definitions, see Terminology A340.
A596/A596M Test Method for Direct-Current Magnetic
Note that the term flux density used in this document is
Properties of Materials Using the Ballistic Method and
synonymous with the term magnetic induction.
Ring Specimens
1.7 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and
2.2 IEC Standard:
many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
Publication 60404-4, Ed. 2.0 Magnetic Materials – Part 4:
central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or
Methods of Measurement of D.C. Magnetic Properties of
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
4
Iron and Steel, IEC, 1995
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
MagneticPropertiesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA06.01onTest
3
Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A341/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
´1
A341M–00(2005) . DOI: 10.1520/A0341_A0341M-00R11. the ASTM website.
2 4
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
this standard. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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...
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