ASTM D5575-99

Standard Specification for Copolymers of Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) with Other Fluorinated Monomers

SCOPE
1.1 This document covers both developing property designations and specifications for thermoplastic compositions consisting of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) polymers modified with other fluoromonomers and property-enhancing additives. The other fluoromonomers include one or more of the following: hexafluoropropylene (HFP), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). The additives are those that improve its flame resistance, processing, or physical properties. However, these additives are not normally considered to be reinforcing. This specification covers thermoplastic compositions supplied in pellet or powder forms.  
1.2 A designation or specification applies only to the virgin polymers prepared from vinylidene fluoride (>50 weight %) with one or more of the following comonomers: hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and chlorotrifluoroethylene. These polymers may contain additives to enhance certain properties.  
1.3 This system constitutes a line call-out as a means of designating and specifying properties of VDF-based copolymers. At least four of the designated properties are used to define a polymer's specification. Specification criteria from international documents can be used if their criteria match designation properties currently used by this specification.  This specification is not intended for the selection of materials.  
1.4 The manufacturer of the virgin resin shall establish the designation of a resin based on the property value criteria in this specification.  
1.5 The minimum specification properties are established by this specification. Additional specification properties, based on the designation properties cited, can be established by the resin supplier and customer.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard and the practices of Practice E380 incorporated herein, except where common usage or test method specify common units acceptable within Practice E380.  
1.7 The property tests are intended to provide information for specifications of modified VDF-copolymer compositions. It is not the purpose of this specification to provide engineering data for design purposes.  Note 1-Although the values listed in Tables 1 through 5 are necessary to include the range of properties available in existing materials, they should not be interpreted as implying that every possible combination of the properties exists or can be obtained. It is possible for a user or designer, using Tables 1 through 5, to call out property relationships that are physically impossible to occur in a copolymer made using current technology. Note 2-Many of these polymers exhibit polymorphism.  The type and extent of crystalline structure can vary with the thermomechanical history of the sample. Specimens prepared by different techniques could have properties that may vary.
1.8 Test methods used in this specification may involve the incidental production of hazardous materials. Modified VDF polymer fluoroplastics melt between 90 and 182°C (194 and 359°F) and are thermally stable up to about 350°C (662°F), or somewhat higher, depending on the composition.  Note 3-Evolution of corrosive, colorless, and toxic hydrogen fluoride can occur under certain conditions.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 3 and Section 10 for specific hazards statements. Note 4-Most of the technical content of this specification is included as part of ISO 12086-1 and ISO 12086-2. These standards have been approved for publication and are in the final editing process. Many designations from the ISO standards will be similar to those from this ASTM specification.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-1999
• ICS: 83.080.20 - Thermoplastic materials
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.15 - Thermoplastic Materials

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D5575-99(2003) - Standard Specification for Copolymers of Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) with Other Fluorinated Monomers
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D8366-21a - Standard Specification for Extruded and Compression Molded Shapes Made from Unfilled Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) PVDF
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D8318-20 - Standard Specification for Low-Density Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride) Based Material Intended for Use in Wire and Cable Jacketing
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F1545-15a(2021) - Standard Specification for Plastic-Lined Ferrous Metal Pipe, Fittings, and Flanges
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F1673-10(2021)e1 - Standard Specification for Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Corrosive Waste Drainage Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D4967-21 - Standard Guide for Selecting Materials to Be Used for Insulation, Jacketing, and Strength Components in Fiber-Optic Cables
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D3144-23 - Standard Specification for Crosslinked Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) and Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Copolymer Heat-Shrinkable Tubing for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D4000-23 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 5575 – 99
Standard Specification for
Copolymers of Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) with Other
Fluorinated Monomers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard and the practices of IEEE/ASTM SI–10 incorporated
1.1 This specification covers both developing property des-
herein, except where common usage or test method specify
ignations and specifications for thermoplastic compositions
common units acceptable within IEEE/ASTM SI–10.
consisting of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) polymers modified
1.7 The property tests are intended to provide information
with other fluoromonomers and property-enhancing additives.
for specifications of modified VDF-copolymer compositions. It
The other fluoromonomers include one or more of the follow-
is not the purpose of this specification to provide engineering
ing: hexafluoropropylene (HFP), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE),
data for design purposes.
and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). The additives are those
that improve its flame resistance, processing, or physical
NOTE 1—Although the values listed in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table
properties. However, these additives are not normally consid-
4, Table 5 are necessary to include the range of properties available in
existing materials, they should not be interpreted as implying that every
ered to be reinforcing. This specification covers thermoplastic
possible combination of the properties exists or can be obtained. It is
compositions supplied in pellet or powder forms.
possible for a user or designer, using Tables 1-5, to call out property
1.2 A designation or specification applies only to the virgin
relationships that are physically impossible to occur in a copolymer made
polymers prepared from vinylidene fluoride (>50 weight %)
using current technology.
with one or more of the following comonomers: hexafluoro- 3
NOTE 2—Many of these polymers exhibit polymorphism. The type and
propylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and chlorotrifluoroethylene.
extent of crystalline structure can vary with the thermomechanical history
These polymers may contain additives to enhance certain of the sample. Specimens prepared by different techniques could have
properties that may vary.
properties.
1.3 This system constitutes a line callout as a means of
1.8 Test methods used in this specification may involve the
designating and specifying properties of VDF-based copoly-
incidental production of hazardous materials. Modified VDF
mers. At least four of the designated properties are used to
polymer fluoroplastics melt between 90 and 182°C (194 and
define a polymer’s specification. Specification criteria from
359°F) and are thermally stable up to about 350°C (662°F), or
international documents can be used if their criteria match
somewhat higher, depending on the composition.
designation properties currently used by this specification.
NOTE 3—Warning: Evolution of corrosive, colorless, and toxic hydro-
This specification is not intended for the selection of materials.
gen fluoride can occur under certain conditions.
1.4 The manufacturer of the virgin resin shall establish the
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
designation of a resin based on the property value criteria in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
this specification.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.5 The minimum specification properties are established by
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
this specification. Additional specification properties, based on
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 3 and
the designation properties cited, can be established by the resin
Section 10 for specific hazards statements.
supplier and customer.
NOTE 4—Most of the technical content of this specification is included
as part of ISO 12086/1, 2. These standards have been approved for
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on
publication and are in the final editing process. Many designations from
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic
the ISO standards will be similar to those from this ASTM specification.
Materials.
Current edition approved March 10, 1999. Published June 1999. Originally
2. Referenced Documents
published as D 5575–94. Last previous edition D 5575–94.
This new standard is needed to cover commercial products outside the scope of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Specification D 3222.
Fluoropolymer property specification data from international standards can
include properties intentionally excluded from this specification (for example,
composition). The only property criteria from other documents that can be used are Lovinger, A. J., “Poly(vinylidene fluoride),” Developments in Crystalline
those having similar properties allowed under the designation system. Polymers, Vol 1, Chapter 5, D.C. Bassett, Ed., Applied Science, London, 1982.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5575–99
TABLE 1 Codes for the Information on Fluoropolymers Used in
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
Data Block 1 5
Insulating Materials for Testing (ISO 291)
Code Meaning
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics (ISO
A modified
527/1,2,3)
B block copolymer
D 792 Test Methods for Specific Gravity (Relative Density)
H homopolymer
and Density of Plastics by Displacement (ISO 1183)
K copolymer
L graft polymer D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics (ISO 472, ISO
R random copolymer
1043/1, -2)
Z other
D 1238 Test Method for Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by
Extrusion Plastometer (ISO 1133)
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
TABLE 2 Code-Letters Used in Data Block 2 (Intended
Application or Method of Processing, Essential Properties,, Plastics
Additives, or Other Information
D 1999 Guide for the Selection of Specimens and Test
Code Position 1 Code Positions 2 to 8 Parameters for International Commerce
D 2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen
A adhesives C colored
B blow molding D powder
Concentration to Support Candle-like Combustion of Plas-
B1 extrusion blow molding D2 free-flowing 6
tics (Oxygen Index) (ISO 4583)
B2 injection blow molding D3 not free-flowing
D 3222 Specification for Unmodified Poly(Vinylidene
C calendaring E expandable
E extrusion F special burning characteristics
Fluoride) (PVDF) Molding, Extrusion, and Coating Mate-
G general use F1 nonflammable
rials
H coating F2 flame retarded
D 3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures of Poly-
H1 powder coating F4 reduced smoke emission
H2 dip coating G granules
mers by Thermal Analysis
K cable and wire coating G1 pellets
D 3835 Test Method for Determination of Properties of
L monofilament extrusion L light and weather stabilized
Polymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary Rheometer
M molding (injection/transfer) M nucleated
Q compression molding N natural (no color added)
D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
R rotational molding N1 suitable for food contact
D 4591 Test Method for Determining Temperatures and
V thermoforming N2 high purity
Heats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by Differential
X no indication P impact modified
Y textile yarns, spinning R mold release agent
Scanning Calorimetry
Z other S lubricated
D 4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic
T transparent
Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
T1 translucent
T2 opaque
D 5740 Guide for Writing Material Standards in the D 4000
W1 improved chemical resistance
Format
Y increased electrical conductivity
Z antistatic IEEE/ASTM S1–10 Standard for Use of the International
System of Units (SI)
2.2 IEC and ISO Standards:
TABLE 3 Designatory and Specification Properties for Data
IEC 93 Recommended Methods of Test for Volume and
Block 3
Surface Resistivities of Electrical Insulating Materials
A
Position Number Property
IEC 250 Recommended Methods for the Determination of
B
1 melt temperature
the Permittivity and Dielectric Dissipation Factor of
B
2 melt flow rate/melt viscosity
B
Electrical Insulating Materials at Power, Audio and Radio
3 tensile strength and modulus
4 tensile elognation
Frequencies Including Metre Wavelengths
B
5 density
ISO 291 Plastics—Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning
6 electrical
and Testing (Practice D 618)
7 flammability by oxygen index (OI)
8 specimen preparation method and type
ISO 293 Plastics—Compression Molding Test Specimens
A
Property test information for Positions 1 to 7 are given in Section 8.
of Thermoplastic Materials (Practice 4703)
B
Positions 1, 2, 3, and 5 are mandated as the minimum specification properties.
ISO 472 Plastics—Vocabulary (Terminology D 883)
ISO 527/1,2,3 Plastics—Determination of Tensile Proper-
ties (Test Method D 638)
ISO 1043/1 Plastics—Symbols—Part 1: Symbols for Basic
NOTE 5—For ASTM and ISO documents, the equivalent or a compa-
Polymers and Their Special Characteristics (Terminology
rable method is listed after each citation in parentheses.
D 150 Test Methods for A-C Loss Characteristics and D 883)
Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insu-
lating Materials (IEC 250)
D 257 Test Methods for D-C Resistance or Conductance of
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Insulating Materials (IEC 93)
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
D5575–99
TABLE 4 Date Block 3
Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 Position 4
Melt Viscosity/Melt-Flow Rate Tensile Strength Tensile Elongation
Melt Temp-
Melt-Flow Yield
Code Tm,° C
Load, Vis- era- Modulus,
Code Rate, Code Strength, Code Yield, % Break, %
kg cosity, ture, MPa
g/10 min MPa
A
Pa/s °C
a <20 a <0.1 <250 a <15 <500 a <5 <50
b 20 to <30 b 0.1 to< 0.2 0.325 >250 b 15 to <20 500 to< 800 b 5 to <10 50 to <100
c 30 to <40 c 0.2 to <0.5 1.20 >500 c 20 to <25 800 to< 1200 c 10 to <15 100 to <150
d 40 to< 50 d 0.5 to <1.0 2.16 >100 d 25 to< 30 1200 to <1600 d 15 to <20 150 to <200
e 50 to <60 e 1.0 to <2.0 3.80 >1500 e 30 to< 35 1600 to <2000 e 20 to <25 200 to <250
f 60 to <70 f 2.0 to <5.0 5.00 >2000 230 f 35 to< 40 2000 to< 3000 f 25 to <30 250 to <300
g 70 to <80 g 5.0 to <10 10.00 >2500 125 g 40 to< 45 3000 to< 4000 g >30 300 to <350
h 80 to< 90 h 10 to < 20 12.50 >3000 h 45 to< 50 4000 to <6000 h 350 to <400
i 90 to < 100 i 20 to <50 21.60 >3500 i 50 to< 55 >6000 i 400 to <500
j 100 to< 110 j |Ls50 31.60 j 55 to< 60 j 500 to <600
k 110 to< 120 k k 60 to <65 k 600 to< 800
l 120 to< 130 l l |Ls65 l >800
m 130 to <140 m m m
n 140 to <150 n n n
o 150 to <160 o o o
p 160 to <170 p p p
q 170 to <180 q q q
r 180 to <190 r r r
s 190 to <200 s s s
t 200 to <210 t t t
uu u u
vv v v
ww w w
xx x x
yy y y
z not specified z not specified z not specified z not specified
A
1 Pa/s = 10 P.
Position 5 Position 6 Position 7 Position 8
Specific Gravity, Electrical a-c d-c Electric Vol- Limiting Oxygen
Code Code Loss Code Code Specimen Type
g/cm Dielectric Constant ume Index
a <1.6 a >10E3 a <40 a D 638 Type I
b 1.6 to <1.7 b 10E3 to 10E12 b 40 to <50 b D 638 Type II
c 1.7 to< 1.8 c >10E12 c 50 to <60 c D 638 Type III
d 1.8 to <1.9 d d 60 to< 70 d D 638 Type IV
e 1.9 to< 2.0 e e 70 to <80 e ISO 527 Type 1A
f 2.0 to <2.1 f f 80 to <90 f ISO 527 Type 1B
g 2.1 to< 2.2 g <0.0012 g >90 g ISO 527 Type 6A
h 2.2 to< 2.3 h <3.0 <0.0014 h h ISO 527 Type 7A
i 2.3 to <2.4 i 3.0 to< 3.1 <0.0016 i i ISO 12086/1 Fig. 1
j 2.4 to <2.5 j 3.1 to <3.2 <0.0018 j j D 638M Type MI
k k 3.2 to< 3.5 <0.0020 k k D 638M Type MII
l l 3.5 to <4.0 <0.0022 l l D 638M Type MIII
m m 4.0 to< 4.5 <0.0024 m m D 1999 Type 1A
n n 4.5 to <5.0 <0.0026 n n D 1999 Type 1B
o o 5.0 to< 5.5 <0.0028 o o D 1999 Type II
p p 5.5 to <6.0 <0.0030 p p D 1708
q q 6.0 to <6.5 <0.0035 q q
r r 6.5 to <7.0 <0.0040 r r
s s 7.0 to <8.0 <0.0060 s s
t t 8.0 to <9.0 <0.0080 t t
u u 9.0 to <10 <0.0100 u u
v v 10 to <11 <0.0300 v v
w w 11 to <12 <0.1000 w w
x x 12 to <14 >0.1000 x x
y y >14 y y
z not specified z not specified not specified z not specified z
ISO 1043/2 Plastics—Symbols—Part 2: Fillers and Rein- ISO 1183 Plastics—Methods for Determining Density and
forcing Materials (Terminology D 883) Relative Density of Non-Cellular Plastics (Test Methods
ISO 1133 Plastics—Determination of the Melt Mass-Flow D 792)
Rate (MFR) and the Melt Volume-Flow Rate (MVR) of ISO 4583 Plastics—Determination of Flammability By
Thermoplastics (Test Method D 1238) Oxygen Index
D5575–99
3.3.1 CTFE—chlorotrifluoroethylene (1-chloro-1,2,2-
TABLE 5 Codes for Filler and Physical Form of Materials for Use in Data
Block 4
trifluoroethylene). D 1600
Code Material Code Form/Structure 3.3.2 DMAC—dimethylacetamide.
3.3.3 DSC—differential scanning calorimetry.
B boron B beads, spheres, balls
C carbon C chips, cuttings
3.3.4 HFP—hexafluoropropylene (1,1,2,3,3,3-hexaflu-
CG graphite D powder
oropropylene).
E clay F fiber
3.3.5 MFR—melt-flow rate.
G glass G ground
K calcium carbonate H whisker
3.3.6 MV—melt viscosity.
M mineral, metal K knitted fabric
3.3.7 PVDF—poly(vinylidene fluoride). D 1600
Ma aluminum oxide L layer
Mb bronze M mat (thick) 3.3.8 TFE—tetrafluoroethylene (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-
MC calcium fluoride N nonwoven (fabric)
ethylene). D 1600
Md molybdenum disulfide P paper
3.3.9 VDF—vinylidene fluoride (1,1,-difluoroethylene).
Me stainless steel S roving
3.3.10 VDF/CTFE—vinylidene fluoride/chlorotriflu-
P mica T scale, flake
Q silica V cord
oroethylene copolymer.
R aramid W veneer
3.3.11 VDF/HFP—vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropro-
S synthetic, organic X not specified
penecopolymer.
T talcum Y yarn
X not specified Z others
3.3.12 VDF/TFE—vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene
Z none
copolymer.
3.3.13 VDF/TFE/HFP—vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoro-
ethylene/hexafluoropropene copolymer.
ISO 12086/1 Fluoropolymer Dispersion and Molding and
Extrusion Materials—Part 1: Designation and Specifica-
4. Classification and Designation
tion
4.1 The classification and designation system of the poly-
ISO 12086/2 Fluoropolymer Dispersion and Molding and
mers is based on the following standardized pattern t
...