ASTM F1887-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) of Baseballs and Softballs
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) of Baseballs and Softballs
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The ball coefficient of restitution is a ball dynamic property of relative velocity change caused by impact with a rigid wall.
This test method is suitable for obtaining data in research and development, quality control, and classifying balls by liveliness.
Sports associations can use coefficient of restitution standards in specifications for official baseballs and softballs.
This same test procedure can be utilized at impact speeds other then that prescribed in this procedure and so noted in any reported test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This procedure is intended to standardize a method of measuring the coefficient of restitution (COR) of baseballs and softballs.
1.2 This procedure is established to provide a single, repeatable, and uniform test method.
1.3 This procedure is for a ball that is intended for use in the game of baseball or softball.
1.4 The test method is based on ball speed measurements before and after impact with either of two test surfaces: wood or metal.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F1887 − 09 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) of Baseballs
1
and Softballs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Method B—The strike plate is a rigid wood surface, and
ball speed is measured before and after impact with the strike
1.1 This procedure is intended to standardize a method of
plate.
measuring the coefficient of restitution (COR) of baseballs and
softballs.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 This procedure is established to provide a single,
4.1 The ball coefficient of restitution is a ball dynamic
repeatable, and uniform test method.
property of relative velocity change caused by impact with a
1.3 This procedure is for a ball that is intended for use in the
rigid wall.
game of baseball or softball.
4.2 This test method is suitable for obtaining data in
1.4 The test method is based on ball speed measurements
research and development, quality control, and classifying
before and after impact with either of two test surfaces: wood
balls by liveliness.
or metal.
4.3 Sports associations can use coefficient of restitution
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standards in specifications for official baseballs and softballs.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4.4 This same test procedure can be utilized at impact
only.
speedsotherthenthatprescribedinthisprocedureandsonoted
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in any reported test results.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 Strike Plate, Method A:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1.1 Material, 5.08-cm (2-in.) thick steel.
2. Terminology 5.1.2 Size, 61 by 61 cm (24 by 24 in.).
5.1.3 Mounting, secured flush to a massive rigid wall of
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
cinder block or concrete, minimally 20.3-cm (8-in.) thick, and
2.1.1 baseball and softball, n—any ball defined by the rules
bolted at all four corners sufficiently secure to prevent move-
for the game of baseball or softball.
ment during ball impact.
2.1.2 coeffıcient of restitution (COR), n—a numerical value
5.2 Strike Plate, Method B:
determinedbytheexitspeedoftheballaftercontactdividedby
5.2.1 Material, 10.2-cm (4-in.) thick northern white ash
the incoming speed of the ball before contact with a massive,
wood with moisture content between 10 and 15 % with a flat
rigid, flat wall of either wood or metal.
smooth surface.
5.2.2 Same as 5.1.2.
3. Summary of Test Method
5.2.3 Same as 5.1.3.
3.1 Method A—The strike plate is a rigid metal surface, and
2
5.3 Ball Throwing Device —Aball throwing device capable
ball speed is measured before and after impact with the strike
of delivering the ball through the electronic speed monitor at
plate.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports The sole source of supply of the apparatus (ATEC, Model “Casey” or
Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.26 on equivalent, or a suitable air cannon device) known to the committee at this time is
Baseball and Softball Equipment. Athletic Training Equipment Co., Sparks, NV. If you are aware of alternative
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1887 – 02. DOI: Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
1
10.1520/F1887-09. technical committee, which you may attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F1887 − 09
FIG. 1 Test Apparatus
26.82 m/s (60 mph) with a maximum tolerance of 60.30 m/s. 7. Conditioning
The machine should be calibrated using the electronic speed
7.1 Ball Conditioning and Test Room Conditions:
monitor.
7.1.1 Test balls shall be stored in an environmentally
3
controlled space for at least 14 days immediately before
5.4 Electronic Speed Monitors —An electronic ball speed
measuring system consisting of two vertical light screens testing.
7.1.2 Temperature is to be maintained at 72 6 4°F (22 6
mounted 30.48 cm (12 in.) apart with a tolerance of 60.32 cm,
2°C).
and a photoelec
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:F1887–02 Designation: F 1887 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) of Baseballs
1
and Softballs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This procedure is intended to standardize a method of measuring the coefficient of restitution (COR) of baseballs and
softballs.
1.2 This procedure is established to provide a single, repeatable, and uniform test method.
1.3 This procedure is for a ball that is intended for use in the game of baseball or softball.
1.4 Thetestmethodisbasedonballspeedmeasurementsbeforeandafterimpactwitheitheroftwotestsurfaces:woodormetal.
1.5
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1.1 baseball and softball, n—any ball defined by the rules for the game of baseball or softball.
2.1.2 coeffıcient of restitution (COR), n— a numerical value determined by the exit speed of the ball after contact divided by
the incoming speed of the ball before contact with a massive, rigid, flat wall of either wood or metal.
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Method A—The strike plate is a rigid metal surface, and ball speed is measured before and after impact with the strike plate.
3.2 Method B—The strike plate is a rigid wood surface, and ball speed is measured before and after impact with the strike plate.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The ball coefficient of restitution is a ball dynamic property of relative velocity change caused by impact with a rigid wall.
4.2 This test method is suitable for obtaining data in research and development, quality control, and classifying balls by
liveliness.
4.3 Sports associations can use coefficient of restitution standards in specifications for official baseballs and softballs.
4.4 This same test procedure can be utilized at impact speeds other then that prescribed in this procedure and so noted in any
reported test results.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Strike Plate, Method A:
5.1.1 Material, 5.08-cm (2-in.) thick steel.
5.1.2 Size, 61 by 61 cm (24 by 24 in.).
5.1.3 Mounting, secured flush to a massive rigid wall of cinder block or concrete, minimally 20.3-cm (8-in.) thick, and bolted
at all four corners sufficiently secure to prevent movement during ball impact.
5.2 Strike Plate, Method B:
5.2.1 Material, 10.2-cm (4-in.) thick northern white ash wood with moisture content between 10 and 15 % with a flat smooth
surface.
1
TheseThis test methods aremethod is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F08.26 on Baseball and Softball Equipment and Facilities.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F1887 – 98.on Baseball and
Softball Equipment.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 1887 – 02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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F1887–09
5.2.2 Same as 5.1.2.
5.2.3 Same as 5.1.3.
2
5.3 Ball Throwing Device —Aball throwing device capable of delivering the ball through the electronic speed monitor at 26.82
m/s (60 mph) with a maximum tolerance of 60.30 m/s. The machine should be calibrated using the electronic speed monitor.
3
5.4 Electronic Speed Monitors —An electronic ball speed measuring system consisting of two vertical light screens mounted
30.48cm(12in.)apartwithatoleranceof 60.32cm,andaphotoelectricsensorlocatedateachscreenthattriggersatimingdevice
on ball passage to measure the time for the ball to traverse the distance between the two vertical planes before and after impact
with the strike plate. Resolution shall
...
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