ASTM F1890-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Softball and Baseball Bat Performance Factor
Standard Test Method for Measuring Softball and Baseball Bat Performance Factor
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods offer a laboratory means to quantitatively compare the performance of softball and baseball bats.
SCOPE
1.1 A method for determining bat performance by measuring the bat-ball coefficient of restitution (BBCOR) and deriving the bat performance factor (BPF). It is applicable to softball and baseball bats of any construction or material. The method provides a quantitative measure of bat dynamic performance that may be used for comparison purposes.
1.2 The BBCOR and BPF are calculated from measurements taken in the laboratory on test equipment meeting the requirements defined in this method.
1.3 Bat performance is found in this standard assuming the bat is pivoted.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1890 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Softball and Baseball Bat Performance Factor
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F2398 Test Method for Measuring Moment of Inertia and
Center of Percussion of a Baseball or Softball Bat
1.1 A method for determining bat performance by measur-
ing the bat-ball coefficient of restitution (BBCOR) and deriving
3. Terminology
the bat performance factor (BPF). It is applicable to softball
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
and baseball bats of any construction or material. The method
3.1.1 balance point (BP), n—distance to the center of mass
provides a quantitative measure of bat dynamic performance
of a bat when measured from the knob end of the bat.
that may be used for comparison purposes.
3.1.2 coeffıcient of restitution (COR), n—the relative speed
1.2 The BBCOR and BPF are calculated from measure-
of the objects after impact divided by the relative speed of the
ments taken in the laboratory on test equipment meeting the
objects before impact.
requirements defined in this method.
3.1.3 bat-ball coeffıcient of restitution (BBCOR), n—COR
1.3 Bat performance is found in this standard assuming the
of a specific ball colliding with a bat as defined in this test
bat is pivoted.
method.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.4 bat performance factor (BPF), n—ratio of BBCOR to
as standard. The values given in parentheses are units that are
ball COR as defined in this test method.
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
3.1.5 center of percussion (COP), n—impact location on the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
bat that produces no reaction force at the pivot point and causes
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the bat to rotate about the pivot point, taken 6 in. (152 mm)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
from the knob end of the bat.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.6 moment of inertia (MOI), n—measure of mass distri-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bution relative to a pivot point, taken 6 in. (152 mm) from the
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
knob end of the bat.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4. Significance and Use
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1 These test methods offer a laboratory means to quanti-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tatively compare the performance of softball and baseball bats.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
2
5.1 Test Balls—Softballs or baseballs as determined by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
those specifying the bat test requirements and tested in
F1887 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Resti-
accordance with the following procedures. Perform ball com-
tution (COR) of Baseballs and Softballs
pression test of Test Method F1888 prior to ball COR test of
F1888 Test Method for Compression-Displacement of Base-
Test Method F1887.
balls and Softballs
5.1.1 Softballs:
5.1.1.1 Compression—350 to 375 lb (1557 to 1688 N) (Test
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Method F1888.)
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
5.1.1.2 Weight—6.25 to 6.75 oz (177.2 to 191.4 g).
Subcommittee F08.26 on Baseball and Softball Equipment.
5.1.1.3 Size—12.00 to 12.25-in. (304.8 to 311.1-mm) cir-
Current edition approved April 1, 2023. Published April 2023. Originally
cumference (Test Method F1888).
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as F1890 – 17 (2022).
DOI: 10.1520/F1890-23.
5.1.1.4 Ball COR—0.465 to 0.475 (Test Method F1887).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1.2 Baseballs:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.2.1 Compression—175 to 200 lb (778 to 890 N) (Test
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Method F1888 using 0.20 in. (5.08 mm) deflection).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1890 − 17 (Reapproved 2022) F1890 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Softball and Baseball Bat Performance Factor
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 A method for determining bat performance by measuring the bat-ball coefficient of restitution (BBCOR) and deriving the bat
performance factor (BPF). It is applicable to softball and baseball bats of any construction or material. The method provides a
quantitative measure of bat dynamic performance that may be used for comparison purposes.
1.2 The BBCOR and BPF are calculated from measurements taken in the laboratory on test equipment meeting the requirements
defined in this method.
1.3 Bat performance is found in this standard assuming the bat is pivoted.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are units that are provided
for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1887 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) of Baseballs and Softballs
F1888 Test Method for Compression-Displacement of Baseballs and Softballs
F2398 Test Method for Measuring Moment of Inertia and Center of Percussion of a Baseball or Softball Bat
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 balance point (BP), n—distance to the center of mass of a bat when measured from the knob end of the bat.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F08.26 on Baseball and Softball Equipment.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022April 1, 2023. Published October 2022April 2023. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20172022 as
ɛ1
F1890 – 17 (2022). . DOI: 10.1520/F1890-17R22.10.1520/F1890-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F1890 − 23
3.1.2 coeffıcient of restitution (COR), n—the relative speed of the objects after impact divided by the relative speed of the objects
before impact.
3.1.3 bat-ball coeffıcient of restitution (BBCOR), n—COR of a specific ball colliding with a bat as defined in this test method.
3.1.4 bat performance factor (BPF), n—ratio of BBCOR to ball COR as defined in this test method.
3.1.5 center of percussion (COP), n—impact location on the bat that produces no reaction force at the pivot point and causes the
bat to rotate about the pivot point, taken 6 in. (152 mm) from the knob end of the bat.
3.1.6 moment of inertia (MOI), n—measure of mass distribution relative to a pivot point, taken 6 in. (152 mm) from the knob end
of the bat.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods offer a laboratory means to quantitatively compare the performance of softball and baseball bats.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Test Balls—Softballs or baseballs as determined by those specifying the bat test requirements and tested in accordance with
the following procedures. Perform ball compression test of Test Method F1888 prior to ball COR test of Test Method F1887.
5.1.1 Softballs:
5.1.1.1 Compression—350 to 375 lb (1557 to 1688 N) (Test Method F1888.)
5.1.1.2 Weight—6.25 to 6.75 oz (177.2 to 191.4
...
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