ASTM D5298-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Soil Potential (Suction) Using Filter Paper
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Soil Potential (Suction) Using Filter Paper
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Soil suction is a measure of the free energy of the pore-water in a soil. Soil suction in practical terms is a measure of the affinity of soil to retain water and can provide information on soil parameters that are influenced by the soil water; for example, volume change, deformation, and strength characteristics of the soil.
5.2 Soil suction is related with soil water content through water retention characteristic curves (see Test Methods D6836). Soil water content may be determined using Test Method D2216.
5.3 Measurements of soil suction may be used with other soil and environmental parameters to evaluate hydrologic processes (1) and to evaluate the potential for heave or shrinkage, shear strength, modulus, in situ stress and hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils.
5.4 The filter paper method of evaluating suction is straightforward with a range from 10 to 100,000 kPa (0.1 to 1000 bars).
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory filter papers as passive sensors to evaluate the soil matric and total potential (suction), a measure of the free energy of the pore-water or tension stress exerted on the pore-water by the soil matrix (1, 2).2 The term potential or suction is descriptive of the energy status of soil water.
1.2 This test method controls the variables for measurement of the water content of filter paper that is in direct contact with soil or in equilibrium with the partial pressure of water vapor in the air of an airtight container enclosing a soil specimen. The filter paper is enclosed with a soil specimen in the airtight container until moisture equilibrium is established; that is, the partial pressure of water vapor in the air is in equilibrium with the vapor pressure of pore-water in the soil specimen.
1.3 This test method provides a procedure for calibrating different types of filter paper for use in evaluating soil matric and total potential.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are mathematical conversions, which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5298 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Measurement of Soil Potential (Suction) Using Filter Paper
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5298; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
1.1 This test method covers laboratory filter papers as
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-
passive sensors to evaluate the soil matric and total potential
tivity of Water
(suction), a measure of the free energy of the pore-water or
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
tension stress exerted on the pore-water by the soil matrix (1,
2 (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
2). The term potential or suction is descriptive of the energy
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
status of soil water.
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
1.2 This test method controls the variables for measurement
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
of the water content of filter paper that is in direct contact with
D4542 Test Methods for Pore Water Extraction and Deter-
soil or in equilibrium with the partial pressure of water vapor
mination of the Soluble Salt Content of Soils by Refrac-
intheairofanairtightcontainerenclosingasoilspecimen.The
tometer
filter paper is enclosed with a soil specimen in the airtight
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
container until moisture equilibrium is established; that is, the
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
partial pressure of water vapor in the air is in equilibrium with
Construction Materials Testing
the vapor pressure of pore-water in the soil specimen.
D6836 Test Methods for Determination of the Soil Water
1.3 This test method provides a procedure for calibrating Characteristic Curve for Desorption Using Hanging
Column, Pressure Extractor, Chilled Mirror Hygrometer,
different types of filter paper for use in evaluating soil matric
and total potential. or Centrifuge
E230/E230M Specification and Temperature-Electromotive
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
mathematical conversions, which are provided for information
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
purposes only and are not considered standard.
peratures)
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resis-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tance Thermometers
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. Terminology
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
3.1 Definitions:
Cement
3.1.1 For common definitions of technical terms in this
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on Hydrologic
3.2.1 atmosphere—a unit of pressure equal to 76 cm Mer-
Properties and Hydraulic Barriers.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2016. Published December 2016. Originally cury or 101 kPa at 0°C.
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5298–10. DOI:
3.2.2 matric suction (potential), hm (kPa)—in
10.1520/D5298-16.
2
geohydrology/hydrogeology, matric suction is the difference
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
this standard.
between the pore gas pressure, u , and the pore water pressure,
g
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
u , in soil; that is,y=u –u , which yields a positive value
w g w
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
–2
in either pressure FL or pressure head, L.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 3.2.2.1 Discussion—In most cases the pore gas is air at
Copyright © ASTM
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5298 − 10 D5298 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Measurement of Soil Potential (Suction) Using Filter Paper
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5298; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers laboratory filter papers as passive sensors to evaluate the soil matric (matrix) and total potential
2
(suction), a measure of the free energy of the pore-water or tension stress exerted on the pore-water by the soil matrix (1, 2). The
term potential or suction is descriptive of the energy status of soil water.
1.2 This test method controls the variables for measurement of the water content of filter paper that is in direct contact with soil
or in equilibrium with the partial pressure of water vapor in the air of an airtight container enclosing a soil specimen. The filter
paper is enclosed with a soil specimen in the airtight container until moisture equilibrium is established; that is, the partial pressure
of water vapor in the air is in equilibrium with the vapor pressure of pore-water in the soil specimen.
1.3 This test method provides a procedure for calibrating different types of filter paper for use in evaluating soil matric and total
potential.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are
approximate.mathematical conversions, which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4542 Test Methods for Pore Water Extraction and Determination of the Soluble Salt Content of Soils by Refractometer
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
D6836 Test Methods for Determination of the Soil Water Characteristic Curve for Desorption Using Hanging Column, Pressure
Extractor, Chilled Mirror Hygrometer, or Centrifuge
E1E230/E230M Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometersand Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for
Standardized Thermocouples
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)
E832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
E1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on Hydrologic Properties
and Hydraulic Barriers.
Current edition approved July 1, 2010Nov. 15, 2016. Published August 2010December 2016. Originally approved in 1992. Discontinued December 2002 and reinstated
as D5298–03. Last previous edition approved in 20032010 as D5298–03.–10. DOI: 10.1520/D5298-10.10.1520/D5298-16.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5298 − 16
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For common definitions of technical terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
...
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