ASTM D6914/D6914M-16
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sonic Drilling for Site Characterization and the Installation of Subsurface Monitoring Devices
Standard Practice for Sonic Drilling for Site Characterization and the Installation of Subsurface Monitoring Devices
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sonic drilling is a rapid, primarily dry drilling method (see 5.2), used both in geotechnical applications to avoid hydraulic fracturing, and in environmental site exploration. Geotechnical applications include exploration for tunnels, underground excavations, and installation of instrumentation or structural elements. Sonic drilling methods are used in rocky soils with large diameter casing to obtain continuous samples in materials that are difficult to sample using other methods. It is well suited for projects of a production-orientated nature with a drilling rate faster than most all other drilling methods (Guide D6286). Sonic drilling is used for environmental explorations because sonic drilling offers the benefit of significantly reduced drill cuttings, a major cost element, and reduced drill fluid use and production. Sonic drilling offers rapid formation penetration thereby increasing production. It can reduce fieldwork time generating overall project cost reductions. The continuous core sample recovered provides a representative lithological column for review and analysis. Sonic drilling readily lends itself to environmental instrumentation installation and to in-situ testing. The advantage of a clean cased hole without the use of drilling fluids provides for increased efficiency in instrumentation installation. The ability to cause vibration to the casing string eliminates the complication of monitoring well backfill bridging common to other drilling methods and reduces the risk of casing lockup allowing for easy casing withdrawal during grouting. The clean borehole reduces well development time. Pumping tests can be performed as needed prior to well screen placement to allow for proper screen location. The sonic method is readily utilized in multiple cased well applications which are required to prevent aquifer cross contamination. The installation of inclinometers, vibrating wire piezometers, settlement gauges, and the like can be accomplished efficien...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for using sonic drilling methods in the conducting of subsurface exploration for site characterization and in the installation of subsurface monitoring devices.
1.2 The use of the sonic drilling method for exploration and monitoring-device installation may often involve preliminary site research and safety planning, administration, and documentation.
1.3 Soil or Rock samples collected by sonic methods are classed as group A or group B in accordance with Practices D4220. Other sampling methods (Guide D6169) may be used in conjunction with the sonic method to collect samples classed as group C and Group D. Other drilling methods are summarized in Guide D6286.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than in-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this practice.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. It is a description of the present state-of-the-art practice of sonic drilling. It does not recommend this method as a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this docu...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6914/D6914M − 16
Standard Practice for
Sonic Drilling for Site Characterization and the Installation
1
of Subsurface Monitoring Devices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6914/D6914M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional
service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
1.1 This practice covers procedures for using sonic drilling
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The
methods in the conducting of subsurface exploration for site
word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that
characterization and in the installation of subsurface monitor-
the document has been approved through theASTM consensus
ing devices.
process.
1.2 The use of the sonic drilling method for exploration and
1.6.1 This practice does not purport to comprehensively
monitoring-device installation may often involve preliminary
address all the methods and the issues associated with drilling
site research and safety planning, administration, and docu-
practices. Users should seek qualified professionals for deci-
mentation.
sions as to the proper equipment and methods that would be
1.3 Soil or Rock samples collected by sonic methods are most successful for their site investigation. Other methods may
be available for drilling and sampling of soil, and qualified
classed as group A or group B in accordance with Practices
D4220. Other sampling methods (Guide D6169) may be used professionals should have the flexibility to exercise judgment
as to possible alternatives not covered in this practice. This
inconjunctionwiththesonicmethodtocollectsamplesclassed
as group C and Group D. Other drilling methods are summa- practice is current at the time of issue, but new alternative
methods may become available prior to revisions, therefore,
rized in Guide D6286.
users should consult manufacturers or sonic drilling services
1.4 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or
providers prior to specifying program requirements.
SI units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as
1.7 This practice does not purport to address all the safety
standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact
concerns, if any, associated with its use and may involve use of
equivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependently
hazardous materials, equipment, and operations. It is the
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
results in units other than in-pound shall not be regarded as
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. For good safety
nonconformance with this practice.
practice, consult applicable OSHA regulations and drilling
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
2,3,4
safety guides.
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard. 5
2. Referenced Documents
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
2.1 ASTM Standards—Soil Classification:
one or more specific operations. It is a description of the
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
present state-of-the-art practice of sonic drilling. It does not
Fluids
recommend this method as a specific course of action. This
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
document cannot replace education or experience and should
Rock for Site Exploration
be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all
aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances.
ThisASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the
2
“Drilling Safety Guide,” National Drilling Association.
3
“Drillers Handbook,” Thomas C. Ruda and Peter Bosscher, National Drilling
Association.
1 4
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and “Innovative Technology Summary Report,” April 1995, U.S. Department of
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Energy.
5
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2016. Published December 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of A
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6914 − 04 (Reapproved 2010) D6914/D6914M − 16
Standard Practice for
Sonic Drilling for Site Characterization and the Installation
1
of Subsurface Monitoring Devices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6914;D6914/D6914M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers procedures for using sonic drilling methods in the conducting of geoenvironmentalsubsurface
exploration for site characterization and in the installation of subsurface monitoring devices.
1.2 The use of the sonic drilling method for geoenvironmental exploration and monitoring-device installation may often involve
preliminary site research and safety planning, administration, and documentation. This guide does not purport to specifically
address site exploration planning and site safety.
1.3 Soil or Rock samples collected by sonic methods are classed as group A or group B in accordance with Practices D4220.
Other sampling methods (Guide D6169) may be used in conjunction with the sonic method to collect samples classed as group
C and Group D. Other drilling methods are summarized in Guide D6286.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.values stated in each system may not be exact
equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result
in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than in-pound shall not be regarded as
nonconformance with this practice.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. It is a description of the present
state-of-the-art practice of sonic drilling. It does not recommend this method as a specific course of action. This document cannot
replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may
be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the
adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s
many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through
the ASTM consensus process.
1.6.1 This practice does not purport to comprehensively address all the methods and the issues associated with drilling practices.
Users should seek qualified professionals for decisions as to the proper equipment and methods that would be most successful for
their site investigation. Other methods may be available for drilling and sampling of soil, and qualified professionals should have
the flexibility to exercise judgment as to possible alternatives not covered in this practice. This practice is current at the time of
issue, but new alternative methods may become available prior to revisions, therefore, users should consult manufacturers or sonic
drilling services providers prior to specifying program requirements.
1.6 This practice does not purport to comprehensively address all the methods and the issues associated with drilling practices.
Users should seek qualified professionals for decisions as to the proper equipment and methods that would be most successful for
their site investigation. Other methods may be available for drilling and sampling of soil, and qualified professionals should have
the flexibility to exercise judgment as to possible alternatives not covered in this practice. This practice is current at the time of
issue, but new alternative methods may become available prior to revisions, therefore, users should consult manufacturers or sonic
drilling services providers prior to specifying program requirements.
1.7 This practice does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use and may involve use of
hazardous materials, equipment, and operations. It is the responsibility of the us
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6914/D6914M − 16
Standard Practice for
Sonic Drilling for Site Characterization and the Installation
1
of Subsurface Monitoring Devices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6914/D6914M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional
service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
1.1 This practice covers procedures for using sonic drilling
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The
methods in the conducting of subsurface exploration for site
word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that
characterization and in the installation of subsurface monitor-
the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus
ing devices.
process.
1.2 The use of the sonic drilling method for exploration and
1.6.1 This practice does not purport to comprehensively
monitoring-device installation may often involve preliminary
address all the methods and the issues associated with drilling
site research and safety planning, administration, and docu-
practices. Users should seek qualified professionals for deci-
mentation.
sions as to the proper equipment and methods that would be
most successful for their site investigation. Other methods may
1.3 Soil or Rock samples collected by sonic methods are
classed as group A or group B in accordance with Practices be available for drilling and sampling of soil, and qualified
professionals should have the flexibility to exercise judgment
D4220. Other sampling methods (Guide D6169) may be used
in conjunction with the sonic method to collect samples classed as to possible alternatives not covered in this practice. This
practice is current at the time of issue, but new alternative
as group C and Group D. Other drilling methods are summa-
rized in Guide D6286. methods may become available prior to revisions, therefore,
users should consult manufacturers or sonic drilling services
1.4 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or
providers prior to specifying program requirements.
SI units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as
1.7 This practice does not purport to address all the safety
standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact
concerns, if any, associated with its use and may involve use of
equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently
hazardous materials, equipment, and operations. It is the
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
results in units other than in-pound shall not be regarded as
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. For good safety
nonconformance with this practice.
practice, consult applicable OSHA regulations and drilling
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
2,3,4
safety guides.
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
5
2. Referenced Documents
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
2.1 ASTM Standards—Soil Classification:
one or more specific operations. It is a description of the
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
present state-of-the-art practice of sonic drilling. It does not
Fluids
recommend this method as a specific course of action. This
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
document cannot replace education or experience and should
Rock for Site Exploration
be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all
aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances.
This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the
2
“Drilling Safety Guide,” National Drilling Association.
3
“Drillers Handbook,” Thomas C. Ruda and Peter Bosscher, National Drilling
Association.
1 4
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and “Innovative Technology Summary Report,” April 1995, U.S. Department of
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Energy.
5
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2016. Published December 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D6914–04(2010). Standards volume information, refer to the standard
...
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