ASTM C1152/C1152M-04(2012)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Acid-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete
Standard Test Method for Acid-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The amount of acid-soluble chloride in most hydraulic-cement systems is equal to the total amount of chloride in the system. However, some organic substances that may be introduced into mortar or concrete contain chloride that is initially acid-insoluble that can eventually ionize and thus become acid-soluble or water-soluble after a period of exposure in the very alkaline cement system.
3.2 Sulfides are known to interfere with the determination of chloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cements contain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that can cause such interference and produce erroneously high test results. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test Methods C114, is used to eliminate such interference.
3.3 There are aggregates that contain chloride that is not available for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by the use of this method.4
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for chloride that is acid soluble under the conditions of test. In most cases, acid-soluble chloride is equivalent to total chloride.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.Note 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1152/C1152M − 04 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Acid-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC1152/C1152M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in December 2012.
1. Scope C702/C702MPractice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate
2 to Testing Size
1.1 This test method provides procedures for the sampling
C823/C823MPractice for Examination and Sampling of
and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for
Hardened Concrete in Constructions
chloride that is acid soluble under the conditions of test. In
C1084Test Method for Portland-Cement Content of Hard-
mostcases,acid-solublechlorideisequivalenttototalchloride.
ened Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
are to be regarded separately as standard. Some values have
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used
Sieves
in practice.
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-
3. Significance and Use
fication E11.The alternative designation in parentheses is for information
3.1 The amount of acid-soluble chloride in most hydraulic-
only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
cement systems is equal to the total amount of chloride in the
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
system. However, some organic substances that may be intro-
that provide explanatory information. These notes and foot-
duced into mortar or concrete contain chloride that is initially
notes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
acid-insoluble that can eventually ionize and thus become
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
acid-soluble or water-soluble after a period of exposure in the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
very alkaline cement system.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Sulfidesareknowntointerferewiththedeterminationof
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
chloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cements
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
contain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that can cause such
interference and produce erroneously high test results. Treat-
2. Referenced Documents
ment with hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test Methods
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C114, is used to eliminate such interference.
C42/C42MTest Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
3.3 There are aggregates that contain chloride that is not
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
available for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by the
C114Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
use of this method.
Cement
C670Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
4. Apparatus
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
4.1 Sampling Equipment
4.1.1 The apparatus required for obtaining samples by
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
coring or sawing is described in Test Method C42/C42M.
Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.1.2 Use the following apparatus for sampling by drilling
C09.69 on Miscellaneous Tests.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2012. Published January 2013. Originally
(pulverization):
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approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C1152–04 . DOI:
4.1.2.1 Rotary Impact Drill and drill or pulverizing bits of
10.1520/C1152_C1152M-04R12E01.
sufficient diameter to provide a representative sample of
This test method is based on a report by Clear, K. C., and Harrigan, E. T.,
sufficient size for testing.
“SamplingandTestingforChlorideIoninConcrete,”ReportNo.FHWA-RD77-85,
Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, Aug. 1977 (Available as PB
275-428/AS National Technical Information Services).
3 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or For more information, see “The Determination of the Chloride Content of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Concrete,” by Brian B. Hope, John A. Page and John S. Poland, Cement and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Concrete Research, Volume 15, Number 5, Pergamon Press, New York, September
the ASTM website. 1985, pp. 863-870.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1152/C1152M − 04 (2012)
4.1.2.2 Spoon or other suitable means to remove pulverized 5.1.3 Potassium Chloride (KCl), (required for silver billet
sample material from drill hole without contamination. electrode only).
4.1.2.3 Sample Containers capable of maintaining samples 5.1.4 Reagent Water conforming to the requirements of
in an uncontaminated state. Specification D1193 for Type III reagent water.
5.1.5 Sodium Chloride, Standard Solution (0.05 N NaCl)—
4.2 Sample Processing Apparatus—The apparatus required
Dry sodium chloride at 105 to 110 °C to a constant mass.
forprocessingsamplesshallbechosenforitssuitabilityforthe
Weigh 2.9222 g of dried reagent. Dissolve in water and dilute
purposes of the investigation, and frequently includes a con-
to exactly 1 L in a volumetric flask and mix thoroughly. This
crete saw and one or more pulverizers.
solutionisthestandardandrequiresnofurtherstandardization.
4.2.1 Samples more than 25 mm (1 in.) in maximum
5.1.6 Silver Nitrate, Standard Solution(0.05N(AgNO ))—
dimension shall be reduced in size by use of a jaw crusher or
Dissolve 8.4938 g of silver nitrate in water. Dilute to 1 L in a
broken into smaller pieces by hammering carefully to avoid
volumetric flask and mix thoroughly. Standardize against 5.00
loss of smaller pieces.
mLof standard 0.05 N sodium chloride solution diluted to 150
4.2.2 Crush particles less than 25 mm (1 in.) in maximum
mLwith water following the titration test method given in 8.1
dimension using a rotating puck grinding apparatus, or by
beginning with the second sentence. The exact normality shall
usingadiskpulverizer,ormortarandpestleoperatedtorestrict
be calculated from the average of three determinations as
to negligible levels the loss of fine particles.
follows:
4.2.3 Sieve, 850-µm (No. 20), which shall comply with
N = 0.25/V, where:
Specification E11.
4.3 Chloride Determination N = normality of AgNO solution,
4.3.1 Balance, shall be capable of reproducing results 0.25 = milliequivalents NaCl (5.0 × 0.05 N), and
V = volume of AgNO solution, mL.
within 0.0002 g with an accuracy of 60.0002 g. Direct-
reading balances shall have a sensitivity not exceeding 0.0001
Commercially available standard solutions may be used
g. Conventional two-pan balances shall have a maximum
provided the normality is checked according to the standard-
sensibility reciprocal of 0.0003 g. Any rapid weighing device
ization procedure.
that may be provided, such as a chain, damped motion, or
5.1.7 Methyl Orange Indicator—Prepare a solution contain-
heavy riders, shall not increase the basic inaccuracy by more
ing2gof methyl orange per litre of 95% ethyl alcohol.
than0.0001gatanyreadingandwithanyloadwithintherated
5.1.8 Nitric Acid (1+1).
capacity of the balance.
5.1.9 Hydrogen Peroxide (30%).
4.3.2 Stirrer, magnetic variable speed, with a TFE-
fluorocarbon coated magnetic stirring bar.
6. Sampling
4.3.3 Chloride, Silver/Sulfide Ion Selective Electrode,ora
6.1 Select the sample in accordance with Practice C823/
silver billet electrode coated with silver chloride (see Note 2)
C823M or as required for the purpose of the investigation.
with an appropriate reference electrode.
6.1.1 Because of the small nominal maximum size of the
4.3.4 Potentiometer, with millivolt scale readable to 1 mV
aggregate in a mortar, pieces of mortar having a mass of 10 g
or better. A digital readout is preferred but not required.
or more will be representative of a rather large volume of
NOTE2—SeeNote67ofTestMethodsC114foradiscussionofsuitable
mortar.
electrodes and coating methods.
6.1.2 Take concrete cores in accordance with Test Method
4.4 Glazed Paper—Paper to which fine particles do not C42/C42M unless otherwise specified.
adhere, for use as described in 7.1.
NOTE 3—Concrete cores taken in accordance with Test Method
C42/C42M may be cut longitudinally to provide a 12-mm [ ⁄2-in.] thick
5. Reagents section generally representative of the core, or cut laterally into 12-mm
[ ⁄2-in.] thick disks representative of the concrete core at various depths.
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
Concrete farthest from a surface into which chloride has penetrated often
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
provideschloridedataclosetothatoftheoriginallyplacedfreshconcrete.
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit- The cooling water from core cutting may dissolve some of the chloride.
teeonAnalyticalReagentsoftheAmericanChemicalSociety .
6.1.3 Powdered concrete obtained by use of a rotary impact
Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that
drill is frequently used in determining chloride concentration
the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its use
with depth in bridge decks, pavements, etc. Such samples may
without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
be unrepresentative, especially when the nominal maximum
5.1.1 Sodium Chloride (NaCl).
coarse aggregate size is 25 mm (1 in.) or more. Thus, several
5.1.2 Silver Nitrate (AgNO ).
such samples should be combined, or the data used with care.
Procedures for this method of sampling are as follows:
6.1.3.1 Using the rotar
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