ASTM B600-11
(Guide)Standard Guide for Descaling and Cleaning Titanium and Titanium Alloy Surfaces
Standard Guide for Descaling and Cleaning Titanium and Titanium Alloy Surfaces
ABSTRACT
This guide covers a cleaning and descaling procedure useful to producers, users, and fabricators of titanium and titanium alloys for the removal of ordinary shop soils, oxides, and scales resulting from heat treatment operations and foreign substances present as surface contaminants. It is recommended that the materials shall be subjected to soil removal prior to heat treatment or application of acid treatment. Mechanical descaling methods such as sandblasting, shot blasting, and vapor blasting may be used to remove hot work scales and lubricants from titanium surfaces. Recommended post treatment of shot or abrasive blasted titanium surfaces may include acid pickling to ensure complete removal of surface contaminants. For chemically milled materials, salt bath conditioning may be required to remove the oxygen-contaminated layer. Acid etching treatment may be required following mechanical abrading or chemical conditioning of materials to completely clean the surface.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers a cleaning and descaling procedure useful to producers, users, and fabricators of titanium and titanium alloys for the removal of ordinary shop soils, oxides, and scales resulting from heat treatment operations and foreign substances present as surface contaminants.
1.2 It is not intended that these procedures be mandatory for removal of any of the indicated soils but rather serve as a guide when titanium and titanium alloys are being processed in the wrought, cast, or fabricated form.
1.3 It is the intent that these soils be removed prior to chemical milling, joining, plating, fabrication, and in any situation where foreign substances interfere with the corrosion resistance, stability, and quality of the finished product.
1.4 Acid etching may be required following cleaning when the surface has an oxygen-contaminated layer or alpha case present.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B600 − 11
Standard Guide for
Descaling and Cleaning Titanium and Titanium Alloy
1
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B600; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope anodic or cathodic polarity. Removal of these soils is recom-
mended prior to heat treatment or application of acid treatment
1.1 This guide covers a cleaning and descaling procedure
designated in 4.2.When electrolytic systems are employed, the
useful to producers, users, and fabricators of titanium and
voltage should be controlled to prevent the occurrence of spark
titanium alloys for the removal of ordinary shop soils, oxides,
discharge and subsequent pitting.
and scales resulting from heat treatment operations and foreign
substances present as surface contaminants.
3. Blast Cleaning
1.2 It is not intended that these procedures be mandatory for
3.1 Mechanical descaling methods such as sandblasting,
removal of any of the indicated soils but rather serve as a guide
shot blasting, and vapor blasting may be used to remove hot
when titanium and titanium alloys are being processed in the
work scales and lubricants from titanium surfaces if followed
wrought, cast, or fabricated form.
by thorough conditioning and cleaning as described in Section
4.
1.3 It is the intent that these soils be removed prior to
chemical milling, joining, plating, fabrication, and in any
3.2 The sand used for blasting should be a high-grade,
situation where foreign substances interfere with the corrosion
washed, iron-free, silica sand. If carbon or low-alloy steel
resistance, stability, and quality of the finished product.
products are sandblasted in the same facility, the sand used for
cleaningtheseproductsshouldnotbeusedontitaniumsurfaces
1.4 Acid etching may be required following cleaning when
and a separate sand supply should be provided.
the surface has an oxygen-contaminated layer or alpha case
present.
3.3 Roughening of exposed surface areas may occur from
grit or shot if cleaning of the entire surface is accomplished by
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
blasting. Partial cleaning for preserving the surface finish is to
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
be preferred in conjunction with proper pickling procedures.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
3.4 Blast cleaning that utilizes steel grit, steel shot, or sand
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety containing appreciable amounts of iron should be followed by
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility acid pickling to remove any embedded steel particles on the
of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate surface of the titanium.
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
3.5 Any abrasive or shot blast cleaning may induce residual
regulatory limitations prior to use.
compressive stresses in the surface of the material or titanium
structure. Warpage may occur in sections that are subsequently
2. Processing Soil Removal
chemical milled or contour machined.
2.1 It is recommended that grease, oil, and lubricants
3.6 In most cases, blast cleaning is not intended to eliminate
employedinmachining,forming,andfabricatingoperationson
pickling procedures completely. Abrasives will not remove
titanium and titanium alloys be removed by alkaline or
surface layers contaminated with interstitial elements such as
emulsion soak-type cleaners and electrolytic alkaline cleaning
carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.When these elements are present
systems. In the electrolytic system the work may be either
in excessive amounts, they are preferably removed by con-
trolled acid pickling in accordance with 4.3.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B10 on Reactive and
4. Pickling, Cleaning, and Descaling
Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B10.01 on Titanium.
4.1 Recommendedposttreatmentofshotorabrasiveblasted
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originally
titanium surfaces may include acid pickling as described in
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B600 – 09. DOI:
10.1520/B0600-11. 4.3.2, or acid cleaning as described in 4.3.3. If the product is to
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B600–09 Designation:B600–11
Standard Guide for
Descaling and Cleaning Titanium and Titanium Alloy
1
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B600; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers a cleaning and descaling procedure useful to producers, users, and fabricators of titanium and titanium
alloys for the removal of ordinary shop soils, oxides, and scales resulting from heat treatment operations and foreign substances
present as surface contaminants.
1.2 It is not intended that these procedures be mandatory for removal of any of the indicated soils but rather serve as a guide
when titanium and titanium alloys are being processed in the wrought, cast, or fabricated form.
1.3 It is the intent that these soils be removed prior to chemical milling, joining, plating, fabrication, and in any situation where
foreign substances interfere with the corrosion resistance, stability, and quality of the finished product.
1.4 Acid etching may be required following cleaning when the surface has an oxygen-contaminated layer or alpha case present.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Processing Soil Removal
2.1 It is recommended that grease, oil, and lubricants employed in machining, forming, and fabricating operations on titanium
and titanium alloys be removed by alkaline or emulsion soak-type cleaners and electrolytic alkaline cleaning systems. In the
electrolytic system the work may be either anodic or cathodic polarity. Removal of these soils is recommended prior to heat
treatment or application of acid treatment designated in 4.2. When electrolytic systems are employed, the voltage should be
controlled to prevent the occurrence of spark discharge and subsequent pitting.
3. Blast Cleaning
3.1 Mechanical descaling methods such as sandblasting, shot blasting, and vapor blasting may be used to remove hot work
scales and lubricants from titanium surfaces if followed by thorough conditioning and cleaning as described in Section 4.
3.2 The sand used for blasting should be a high-grade, washed, iron-free, silica sand. If carbon or low-alloy steel products are
sandblasted in the same facility, the sand used for cleaning these products should not be used on titanium surfaces and a separate
sand supply should be provided.
3.3 Roughening of exposed surface areas may occur from grit or shot if cleaning of the entire surface is accomplished by
blasting. Partial cleaning for preserving the surface finish is to be preferred in conjunction with proper pickling procedures.
3.4 Blast cleaning that utilizes steel grit, steel shot, or sand containing appreciable amounts of iron should be followed by acid
pickling to remove any embedded steel particles on the surface of the titanium.
3.5 Any abrasive or shot blast cleaning may induce residual compressive stresses in the surface of the material or titanium
structure. Warpage may occur in sections that are subsequently chemical milled or contour machined.
3.6 In most cases, blast cleaning is not intended to eliminate pickling procedures completely.Abrasives will not remove surface
layers contaminated with interstitial elements such as carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. When these elements are present in excessive
amounts, they are preferably removed by controlled acid pickling in accordance with 4.3.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 on Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B10.01
on Titanium.
´1
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as B600–91(2002) . DOI:
10.1520/B0600-09.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published Septemb
...
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