ASTM D4016-08

Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Chemical Grouts by Brookfield Viscometer (Laboratory Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test is intended for materials that will penetrate soil voids and rock fissures. Viscosity alone is not necessarily an exact index of grout penetrability.
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with of Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on mnay factors; of Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of viscosity of catalysed chemical grouts with the Brookfield viscometer (laboratory method), over the range from 1.0 to 1000 cP (0.001 to 1 Pa·s).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This test method offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2007
• ICS: 91.100.99 - Other construction materials
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.15 - Stabilization With Admixtures

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4016-02 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Chemical Grouts by Brookfield Viscometer (Laboratory Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4016 −08
StandardTest Method for
Viscosity of Chemical Grouts by Brookfield Viscometer
1
(Laboratory Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4016; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.1 This test method covers the determination of viscosity
3. Terminology
of catalysed chemical grouts with the Brookfield viscometer
3.1 For common definitions of terms used in this standard,
(laboratory method), over the range from 1.0 to 1000 cP(0.001
refer to Terminology D653.
to 1 Pa·s).
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 coeffıcient of viscosity—the ratio between the applied
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
shear stress and the rate of shear. This coefficient is a measure
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of the resistance to flow of the liquid. It is commonly called the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
viscosity of the liquid. The cgs unit of viscosity is 1 g/cm·s (1
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
dyn/s cm ) and is called a poise (P). Viscosities of thin liquids
1.3 This test method offers a set of instructions for perform-
arenormallygiveninhundredthsofapoiseorcentipoises(cP).
ing one or more specific operations. This document cannot
2
The SI unit of viscosity is 1 Pa·s (1 N·s/m ) and is equal to 10
replace education or experience and should be used in con-
P, or 1000 cP.
junction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this
practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM 3.2.2 Newtonian liquid—a liquid in which the shear stress is
standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of
proportional to the rate of shearing strain.This constant ratio is
care by which the adequacy of a given professional service the viscosity. Non-Newtonian behavior can be determined with
must be judged, nor should this document be applied without
the Brookfield instrument by taking measurements at different
consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word spindle speeds.
“Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
4. Summary of Test Method
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus
process.
4.1 A rotating spindle is immersed in a container of cata-
lysed chemical grout.An index to the viscosity is read directly
2. Referenced Documents
on the instrument scale.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
5.1 This test is intended for materials that will penetrate soil
Fluids
voids and rock fissures. Viscosity alone is not necessarily an
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
exact index of grout penetrability.
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
NOTE 1—The quality of the result produced by this test method is
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the
suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
Data
criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent
and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are
cautioned that compliance with of Practice D3740 does not in itself assure
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
reliable results. Reliable results depend on mnay factors; of Practice
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization With
D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
Admixtures.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally
6. Apparatus
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4016 – 02. DOI:
10.1520/D4016-08.
6.1 Brookfield Viscometer—Any model whose lower limit
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
of effective measurement is less than the value of the sample.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Models LVF and LVT should be used for measurements above
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 20 cP (20 mPa·s), and for measurements from 1 to 20 cP (1 to
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4016–02 Designation: D 4016 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Viscosity of Chemical Grouts by Brookfield Viscometer
1
(Laboratory Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4016; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of viscosity of catalysed chemical grouts with the Brookfield viscometer
(laboratory method), over the range from 1.0 to 1000 cP (0.001 to 1 Pa·s).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.3 This test method offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be
applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the
adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s
many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through
the ASTM consensus process.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D 3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used
2
in Engineering Design and Construction Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or
Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
D 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
E 1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 For common definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D 653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 coeffıcient of viscosity—the ratio between the applied shear stress and the rate of shear. This coefficient is a measure of
the resistance to flow of the liquid. It is commonly called the viscosity of the liquid. The cgs unit of viscosity is 1 g/cm·s (1 dyn/s
2
cm ) and is called a poise (P). Viscosities of thin liquids are normally given in hundredths of a poise or centipoises (cP). The SI
2
unit of viscosity is 1 Pa·s (1 N·s/m ) and is equal to 10 P, or 1000 cP.
3.2.2 Newtonian liquid—a liquid in which the shear stress is proportional to the rate of shearing strain. This constant ratio is
the viscosity. Non-Newtonian behavior can be determined with the Brookfield instrument by taking measurements at different
spindle speeds.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A rotating spindle is immersed in a container of catalysed chemical grout. An index to the viscosity is read directly on the
instrument scale.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization With
Admixtures.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally published as D4016–81. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1993
as D4016–93.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 4016 – 02.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards Vol 04.08.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D4016–08
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test is intended for materials that will penetrate soil voids and rock fissures. Viscosity alone is not necessarily an exact
index of grout penetrability.
NOTE 1—The quality of the result produced by this test method is de
...