ASTM F2634-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Laboratory Testing of Polyethylene (PE) Butt Fusion Joints using Tensile-Impact Method
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Testing of Polyethylene (PE) Butt Fusion Joints using Tensile-Impact Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is designed to impart tensile impact energy to a butt fused plastic pipe specimen, record the energy to fail the specimen and plot the load over time curve of the tensile test. Energy recorded at yield and rupture and the rupture mode (brittle or ductile) are used as criteria in the evaluation of the butt fusion joint. The evaluation of the force/time curve not only makes it possible to compare different butt fusion parameters but also to evaluate the rupture mode of the specimen to determine joint integrity. Each coupon’test results will usually be compared to test results for coupons machined from the base pipe material, un-fused.
4.1.1 These data are also useful for qualitative characterization and for research and development. For many materials, there may be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method.
Tensile properties may vary with specimen preparation and with speed and environment of testing. Consequently, where precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully controlled.
4.2.1 It is realized that a material cannot be tested without also testing the method of preparation of that material. Hence, when comparative tests of materials per se are desired, the greatest care must be exercised to ensure that all specimens are prepared in exactly the same way, unless the test is to include the effects of specimen preparation. While care must be taken to secure the maximum degree of uniformity in details of preparation, treatment, and handling, the exact dimensions of the test specimens are entered into the Data Acquisition System (DAS) before initiating the test.
SCOPE
1.1 This is a tensile impact test method that develops enough tensile impact energy at specific rates of strain to rupture standard tensile impact specimens of butt fused plastic pipe. It is used to determine the quality of PE butt fusion joints made in the field or in qualification testing. It can also be used to determine the optimum butt fusion joining parameters of PE materials.
1.2 This test method is applicable for testing pipe specimens with a diameter 2.37 in. (60.3mm) and larger with a wall thickness from 0.25 in. (6.3 mm) and larger.
Note 1—This test method is similar to ISO 13953.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This test method may be used alone or together with other test methods, to evaluate the quality of the butt fused joints. When this test, conducted at laboratory temperatures per 9.2, is combined with the elevated temperature, sustained pressure test in Specification D 3035, both the short term and long term strength of the PE butt fusion joint will be verified.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation:F2634–07
Standard Test Method for
Laboratory Testing of Polyethylene (PE) Butt Fusion Joints
using Tensile-Impact Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2634; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2513 Specification for Thermoplastic Gas Pressure Pipe,
Tubing, and Fittings
1.1 This is a tensile impact test method that develops
D3035 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe
enough tensile impact energy at specific rates of strain to
(DR-PR) Based on Controlled Outside Diameter
rupture standard tensile impact specimens of butt fused plastic
2.2 ISO Standard
pipe. It is used to determine the quality of PE butt fusion joints
ISO 13953 Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings - Determi-
made in the field or in qualification testing. It can also be used
nation of the tensile strength and failure mode of test
to determine the optimum butt fusion joining parameters of PE
pieces from a butt-fused joint
materials.
1.2 Thistestmethodisapplicablefortestingpipespecimens
3. Terminology
with a diameter 2.37 in. (60.3mm) and larger with a wall
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to this Standard.
thickness from 0.25 in. (6.3 mm) and larger.
3.1.1 brittle rupture —Abrittle rupture in a butt fusion joint
NOTE 1—This test method is similar to ISO 13953.
specimen consists of a clean or nearly clean part between the
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded joining surfaces resulting in a smooth surface on both sides.
(See Fig. 1.)
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only 3.1.2 ductile rupture —A ductile rupture in a butt fusion
joint specimen consists of either an elongation rupture of the
and are not considered standard.
1.4 This test method may be used alone or together with machined pipe outside the joint area (see Fig. 2) or adjacent to
the butt fusion joint interface but resulting in considerable
other test methods, to evaluate the quality of the butt fused
joints.Whenthistest,conductedatlaboratorytemperaturesper material tearing between the pipe end surfaces (see Fig. 3).
3.1.3 maximum force—the maximum force obtained during
9.2, is combined with the elevated temperature, sustained
pressure test in Specification D3035, both the short term and the test.
long term strength of the PE butt fusion joint will be verified. 3.1.4 rupture energy—the energy required to rupture the
coupon.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.5 yield point —The point on the force/time curve where
significant plastic deformation begins to occur. For the pur-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- poses of this standard, this is defined as occurring at zero slope
point on the force/time curve.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.6 yield energy —The energy imparted to the coupon by
2. Referenced Documents
the yield point.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.1.7 average velocity—The average velocity is the aver-
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing age crosshead speed for the duration (until coupon rupture) of
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics the tensile test (inches/ sec.)
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics 3.1.8 instantaneous velocity—The crosshead velocity at
any discrete point during the test. This may be plotted to show
the consistency of the velocity profile through the duration of
the test.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
3.1.9 yield stress—The stress value corresponding to the
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test
Methods.
yield point.
Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published March 2007. DOI: 10.1520/
F2634-07.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
the ASTM website. www.iso.ch.Available from
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2634–07
FIG. 1 Brittle Rupture
FIG. 2 Ductile Rupture Outside Fusion Interface
FIG. 3 Ductile Rupture Adjacent to Fusion Interface
3.1.9.1 Discussion—Additional definitions of terms apply- when comparative tests of materials per se are desired, the
ing to tensile test methods appear in Terminology D883 greatest care must be exercised to ensure that all specimens are
prepared in exactly the same way, unless the test is to include
4. Significance and Use
the effects of specimen preparation. While care must be taken
4.1 This test method is designed to impart tensile impact to secure the maximum degree of uniformity in details of
preparation, treatment, and handling, the exact dimensions of
energy to a butt fused plastic pipe specimen, record the energy
to fail the specimen and plot the load over time curve of the thetestspecimensareenteredintotheDataAcquisitionSystem
(DAS) before initiating the test.
tensile test. Energy recorded at yield and rupture and the
rupture mode (brittle or ductile) are used as criteria in the
5. Apparatus
evaluation of the butt fusion joint. The evaluation of the
force/time curve not only makes it possible to compare 5.1 Testing Machine, A testing machine of the controlled
different butt fusion parameters but also to evaluate the rupture rate-of-crosshead-movement type and comprising essentially
mode of the specimen to determine joint integrity. Each the following:
coupon’stestresultswillusuallybecomparedtotestresultsfor 5.1.1 Fixed Member, a fixed or essentially stationary mem-
coupons machined from the base pipe material, un-fused. ber with tooling to pin a standard pipe specimen configuration.
4.1.1 These data are also useful for qualitative characteriza- 5.1.2 Movable Member, a movable member with tooling to
tion and for research and development. For many materials, pin a standard pipe specimen configuration.
there may be a specification that requires the use of this test 5.1.3 Tooling for specimens, Fixed clevis members attached
method, but with some procedural modifications that take to the testing machine for pinning the test specimen between
precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is the fixed member and the movable member of the testing
advisabletorefertothatmaterialspecificationbeforeusingthis machine. When the test specimen is inserted and pinned into
test method. the tooling, the long axis of the test specimen will coincide
4.2 Tensile properties may vary with specimen preparation with the direction of pull through the centerline of the
and with speed and environment of testing. Consequently, assembly.
where precise comparative results are desired, these factors 5.1.4 Drive Mechanism, a drive mechanism for imparting to
must be carefully controlled. the movable member a uniform, controlled velocity with
4.2.1 It is realized that a material cannot be tested without respect to the stationary member, with this velocity to be
also testing the method of preparation of that material. Hence, regulated as specified in Section 6.3.
F2634–07
5.1.5 Recording Mechanism (not shown), The testing ma- 6.2 Finishing—All surfaces of the specimen shall be free of
chine shall have sensors and data entry instrumentation to visible flaws, scratches, or imperfections. Marks left by coarse
record the date, specimen number, pipe size, pipe material, machining operations shall be carefully removed with a fine
force curve, energy curve, velocity curve to compare the butt file or abrasive, and the filed surfaces shall then be smoothed
fused specimen to a control specimen of the pipe material or with abrasive paper (600 grit or finer). The finishing sanding
another butt fusion specimen. The minimum sampling rate of strokes shall be made in a direction parallel to the longitudinal
the DAS shall be 1 KHz. axis of the test specimen. In machining a specimen, undercuts
5.1.6 Load Indicator, A suitable load-indicating instrument that would exceed the dimensional tolerances shall be scrupu-
capable of showing the total tensile load carried by the test lously avoided.
specimen when held by t
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