ASTM F303-78(1996)
(Practice)Standard Practices for Sampling Aerospace Fluids from Components
Standard Practices for Sampling Aerospace Fluids from Components
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover sampling procedures for use in determining the cleanliness of liquids from components. Three practices A, B, and C, have been developed on the basis of component geometry in order to encompass the wide variety of configurations. These practices establish guidelines to be used in preparing detailed procedures for sampling specific components. Note 1-The term cleanliness used in these practices refers to solid particles in the liquid. It does not generally cover other foreign matter such as gases, liquids, and products of chemical degradation. Cleanliness with respect to particulate contamination does not necessarily give any indication of the other types of contamination.
1.2 All components, regardless of application, may be tested provided (1) the fluid medium selected is completely compatible with the materials, packing and fluid used in the test component, and test apparatus, and (2) the fluid is handled in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and precautions. A liquid shall be used as the test fluid medium. These test fluids may be flushing, rinsing, packing, end use operating, or suitable substitutes for end use operating fluids. (Caution.) Note 2-Practices for sampling surface cleanliness by the vacuum cleaner technique (used on clean room garments and large storage tanks) sampling gaseous fluids and handling hazardous fluids such as oxidizers, acids, propellants, etc., are not within the scope of the practices presented; however, they may be included in addendums or separate practices at a later date. Substitute fluids are recommended in place of end item fluids for preassembly cleanliness determinations on components using hazardous end item fluids. After obtaining the sample, the substitute fluid must be totally removed from the test part with particular caution given to the possibility of trapped fluid. It is hazardous to use a substitute fluid for testing assembled parts where the fluid can be trapped in dead ends, behind seals, etc. Note 3-The word fluid used in these practices shall be assumed to be a liquid unless otherwise stated.
1.3 The cleanliness of assemblies with or without moving parts may be determined at the time of test; however, movement of internal component parts during the test will create unknown quantities of contamination from wear. Practice B covers configurations requiring dynamic actuation to achieve a sample. The practice does not differentiate between built-in particles and wear particles. Note 4-Defining allowable cleanliness limits is not within the scope of these practices.
1.4 The three practices included are as follows:
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard statement, see Notes.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: F 303 – 78 (Reapproved 1996)
Standard Practices for
Sampling Aerospace Fluids from Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 303; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope unknown quantities of contamination from wear. Practice B
covers configurations requiring dynamic actuation to achieve a
1.1 These practices cover sampling procedures for use in
sample. The practice does not differentiate between built-in
determining the cleanliness of liquids from components. Three
particles and wear particles.
practices A, B, and C, have been developed on the basis of
component geometry in order to encompass the wide variety of
NOTE 4—Defining allowable cleanliness limits is not within the scope
configurations. These practices establish guidelines to be used of these practices.
in preparing detailed procedures for sampling specific compo-
1.4 The three practices included are as follows:
nents.
Sections
Practice A—Static Fluid Sampling (Method for extract- 5-13
NOTE 1—The term cleanliness used in these practices refers to solid
ing fluid from the test article for analysis. This ap-
particles in the liquid. It does not generally cover other foreign matter such
plies to components that have a cavity from which
as gases, liquids, and products of chemical degradation. Cleanliness with
fluid may be extracted)
respect to particulate contamination does not necessarily give any indica-
Practice B—Flowing Fluid Sampling (Method for flush- 14-22
tion of the other types of contamination. ing contaminants from the test article for analysis.
This applies to components which fluid can pass (1)
1.2 All components, regardless of application, may be tested
directly through, or (2) pass into and out of by cy-
cling)
provided (1) the fluid medium selected is completely compat-
Practice C—Rinse Fluid Sampling (Method for rinsing 23-31
ible with the materials, packing and fluid used in the test
contaminants from the test article’s surfaces. The
component, and test apparatus, and (2) the fluid is handled in
rinse fluid is analyzed for contamination. This ap-
plies to components that do not have a fluid cavity
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and
or for other reasons are not adaptable to Practices
precautions. A liquid shall be used as the test fluid medium.
A and B)
These test fluids may be flushing, rinsing, packing, end use
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
operating, or suitable substitutes for end use operating fluids.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(Caution.)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 2—Practices for sampling surface cleanliness by the vacuum
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cleaner technique (used on clean room garments and large storage tanks)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard state-
sampling gaseous fluids and handling hazardous fluids such as oxidizers,
ment, see Notes.
acids, propellants, etc., are not within the scope of the practices presented;
however, they may be included in addendums or separate practices at a
2. Referenced Documents
later date.
Substitute fluids are recommended in place of end item fluids for 2.1 ASTM Standards:
preassembly cleanliness determinations on components using hazardous
D 1836 Specification for Commercial Hexanes
end item fluids. After obtaining the sample, the substitute fluid must be
F 311 Practice for Processing Aerospace Liquid Samples for
totally removed from the test part with particular caution given to the
Particulate Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Fil-
possibility of trapped fluid. It is hazardous to use a substitute fluid for
ters
testing assembled parts where the fluid can be trapped in dead ends,
F 312 Methods for Microscopical Sizing and Counting
behind seals, etc.
Particles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane Filters
NOTE 3—The word fluid used in these practices shall be assumed to be
a liquid unless otherwise stated. F 313 Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydrau-
lic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis
1.3 The cleanliness of assemblies with or without moving
2.2 Military Standards:
parts may be determined at the time of test; however, move-
MIL-T-27602 Trichlorine Oxygen Propellant Compatibles
ment of internal component parts during the test will create
MIL-H-6083 Hydraulic Fluid Petroleum Base for Pressure
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-21 on Space
Simulation and Applications of Space Technology and are the direct responsibility Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
of Subcommittee E21.05 on Contamination. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Current edition approved Aug. 25, 1978. Published October 1978. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
published as D 2429–65 T. Redesignated F 303 in 1970. Last previous edition Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
F 303 – 70 (1976). Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F 303
MIL-H-5606 Hydraulic Fluid Petroleum Base for Aircarrier
Missiles and Ordinance
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 analytical membrane—a membrane filter used to col-
lect the contaminant particles for analysis.
3.1.2 blank analysis—sometimes referred to as “fluid tare,”
“control level,” “reference contamination level,” or “back-
ground level.” The blank analysis is the particulate contami-
nation level of the test fluid when the test part is omitted.
3.1.3 cleanup membrane—a membrane used to filter the
contaminant particles from the fluid medium.
3.1.4 component—an individual piece or a complete assem-
bly of individual pieces.
3.1.5 field filter holder—a throw-away or reusable cartridge
containing an analytical membrane filter.
3.1.6 initial cleanliness—the measure of contamination re-
moved from the test component at the time of test excluding
that defined by operating cleanliness.
3.1.7 membrane tare—sometimes referred to as “blank
count” or “control filter.” When applied to microscope meth-
ods, the membrane tare is the quantity of particles determined
to be on the filter before the test fluid is filtered. When applied
to gravimetric methods, the membrane tare is an amount of
weight increase imparted to the control filter when uncontami-
nated test fluid is passed through.
3.1.8 operating cleanliness—the measure of contaminants
FIG. 1 Recommended and Alternative Methods for Static Fluid
generated by moving parts in the component during a specified
Sampling (Practice A)
period of dynamic operation.
3.1.9 solvent filtering dispenser—an apparatus to dispense a
7. Significance and Use
stream of 2.0 μm or finer membrane filtered fluid.
7.1 Although a cleaning action is imparted to the test
3.1.10 system tare—The measure of contamination deter-
component, it is not the intent of this practice to serve as a
mined by replacing the test component with a connecting
cleaning procedure. Components are normally cleaner after
fitting and following the cleanliness test procedure as if
each consecutive test; thus repeated tests may be used to
checking the test component.
establish process limits for a given component (Fig. 4). A
4. Summary of Practices
specific set of test parameters must be supplied by the agency
4.1 Cleanliness is determined by sampling and analyzing
specifying cleanliness limits. Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 may be
fluid that has been in contact with the surface being analyzed.
used as a guide to establish the desired parameters of test fluid,
Specific methods are recommended; however, other methods
vibration, extraction, and analysis.
have been recognized due to the wide variety of components
7.2 The curve in Fig. 4 shows the typical behavior of a
and different test equipment used by industry. Recommended
component when tested for cleanliness several consecutive
and alternative methods are given in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3.
times. Stabilization generally occurs before the fifth successive
run. The stabilized region starts where a horizontal line through
PRACTICE A—STATIC FLUID SAMPLING
the maximum stabilized value intersects the curve.
7.3 The allowable cleanliness limit of a test component
5. Scope
should be based on the cleanliness requirements of the system
5.1 This practice covers procedures for determining the
in which it will be used and the assigned value should be
particulate contamination level of fluids from components that
greater than the maximum stabilized value. When defining the
have a cavity from which fluid may be extracted.
allowable cleanliness limits, an important consideration is that
6. Summary of Practice
the accuracy of the results decreases as the allowable limit
value approaches the stabilized value.
6.1 Fluid is extracted from the component and analyzed to
determine the particulate contamination level. Recommended
8. Apparatus
and alternative methods are given in Fig. 1.
6.2 It is recommended that all operations of this practice be 8.1 Apparatus, as described in Practice F 313.
conducted in a dust controlled area. Cleanliness level of the 8.2 Apparatus, as described in Test Methods F 312 or as
dust controlled area shall be consistent with the component described in Practice F 311.
contamination limits. 8.3 Automatic Particle Counter, as required.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F 303
FIG. 2 Recommended and Alternative Methods for Flow Through
FIG. 3 Recommended and Alternative Methods for Rinse Fluid
Sampling (Practice B)
Sampling (Practice C)
8.4 Vibration Equipment, as specified.
8.5 Apparatus Setup for Removing Component Fluid
Sample, as shown in Fig. 4.
NOTE 5—Any suitable syringe and solvent dispensing devices may be
used.
8.6 Apparatus Setup for Providing Filtered Fluids, as shown
in Fig. 5 (Note 5).
9. Reagents
9.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
FIG. 4 Contamination per Test Run Versus Consecutive Test Run
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
Number
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
9.4 Low surface tension reagents commonly used are as
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
follows:
accuracy of the determination.
9.4.1 Petroleum Ether,
9.2 Reagents must be compatible with the materials, fluid,
9.4.2 Hexane, conforming to Specification D 1836.
and seals used in the component and apparatus.
9.4.3 Isopropyl Alcohol,
9.3 All reagents shall be prefiltered through a 2-μm or finer
9.4.4 Fluorocarbons,
absolute membrane filter prior to use unless this requirement is
9.4.5 Mineral Spirits,
impractical due to the fluid used or sizes monitored in which
9.4.6 Trichloroethylene, conforming to MIL-T-27602, and
case the user must filter as necessary.
9.4.7 Methyl-Chloroform.
10. Preparation of Apparatus
“Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications.” Am. Chemi-
cal Soc., Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by
10.1 Installation Requirements for Fig. 6—The following
the American Chemical Society, see “Reagent Chemicals and Standards,” by Joseph
requirements must be accomplished prior to and during assem-
Rosin, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., New York, NY, and the “United States
Pharmacopeia.” bly of the apparatus shown in Fig. 6.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F 303
10.3 Installation Requirements for Fig. 7—The following
requirements must be accomplished prior to and during assem-
bly on the apparatus shown in Fig. 7 (Caution, Note 6).
10.3.1 Eject all fluid from the syringe.
10.3.2 Install the hypodermic adapter and fluid outlet needle
onto the double valve.
NOTE 8—Caution: The hypodermic adapter and fluid outlet needle
must be precleaned and the hypodermic adapter filter disk replaced prior
to each usage.
10.3.3 Exercise extreme caution to assemble the hypoder-
mic adapter in the correct configuration. Tighten sufficiently to
effect a seal.
FIG. 5 Apparatus Setup for Providing Filtered Fluids
10.4 General Requirements for Fig. 5:
10.4.1 Periodic control analysis is required in order to
guarantee an acceptable contamination level of the component
replacement fluid.
10.4.2 Prior to initial use, replace the “as received” hypo-
dermic adapter backup screen with a like diameter backup
screen, approximately 35 mesh (500-μm opening), or photo-
etched screen with 70-μm holes.
10.4.3 The addition of a field filter holder between the
double valve and fluid inlet tube will increase the filtration
capability. This application would be governed by the quality
and condition of the fluid being filtered.
NOTE 9—Caution: If utilizing a field filter holder, take caution to
assemble the apparatus with the field filter holder towards the fluid being
withdrawn.
FIG. 6 Apparatus Setup for Removing Component Fluid Sample
10.4.4 Do not utilize a field filter holder with paper back-up
NOTE 6—Caution: All connections must be finger tight only.
10.1.1 Install the double valve and fluid outlet plastic tube.
10.1.2 Remove caps or plugs, or both, from the field filter
holder and place them in a covered, precleaned, petri dish.
10.1.3 Install the field filter holder onto the double valve,
taking care to place the inlet side of the field filter holder
towards the fluid being withdrawn.
10.1.4 Install fluid inlet needle onto the monitor.
NOTE 7—Caution: The fluid inlet needle must be precleaned prior to
each usage.
10.2 General Requirements for Fig. 6:
10.2.1 A control blank must be accomplished on the appa-
ratus setup before fluid is withdrawn for component fluid
sampling.
10.2.2 It is recommended that the field filter holders be used
one time only for component fluid sampling. However, clean-
ing in sufficient numbers might warrant their reuse, provided it
is first determined that
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