ASTM D2155-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Fire Resistance of Aircraft Hydraulic Fluids by Autoignition Temperature
Standard Test Method for Determination of Fire Resistance of Aircraft Hydraulic Fluids by Autoignition Temperature
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Autoignition is dependent on the chemical and physical properties of the material and the method and apparatus employed for its determination. The autoignition temperature by a given method does not necessarily represent the minimum temperature at which a given material will self-ignite in air. The volume of the vessel used is particularly important since lower autoignition temperatures will be achieved in larger vessels. Vessel material can also be an important factor.
4.2 The temperatures determined by this test method are those at which air oxidation leads to ignition. These temperatures can be expected to vary with the test pressure and oxygen concentration.
4.3 This test method is not designed for evaluating materials which are capable of exothermic decomposition. For such materials, ignition is dependent upon the thermal and kinetic properties of the decomposition, the mass of the sample, and the heat transfer characteristics of the system.
4.4 This test method is not designed for evaluating for solid chemicals which melt and vaporize or which readily sublime at the test temperature.
4.5 This test method is not designed to measure the autoignition temperature of materials which are solids or liquids at the test temperature (for example, wood, paper, cotton, plastics, and high-boiling point chemicals). Such materials will thermally degrade in the flask and the accumulated degradation products may ignite.
4.6 This test method is not designed to measure the autoignition temperature of chemicals that are gaseous at atmospheric temperature and pressure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used for assessing the fire resistance of hydraulic fluids used for aircraft applications by determination of the autoignition temperature of the hydraulic fluid in air at one atmosphere pressure using hypodermic syringe injection.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2155 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Fire Resistance of Aircraft Hydraulic Fluids
1
by Autoignition Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2155; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2.1.2 autoignition temperature, n—the minimum tempera-
ture at which autoignition occurs under the specified conditions
1.1 This test method is used for assessing the fire resistance
of the test.
of hydraulic fluids used for aircraft applications by determina-
2.1.3 ignition, n—the initiation of combustion.
tion of the autoignition temperature of the hydraulic fluid in air
at one atmosphere pressure using hypodermic syringe injec-
2.1.4 ignition time lag, n—the time lapse between applica-
tion.
tion of the heat to a material and its ignition; it is the time in
seconds between the insertion of the sample into the flask and
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
ignition.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3. Summary of Test Method
and are not considered standard.
3.1 A small metered sample of the fluid to be tested is
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the
injected with a hypodermic syringe into a heated 200 mL
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
Erlenmeyer borosilicate glass flask containing air.The contents
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
of the flask are observed in a darkened room for 5 min
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
following injection of the sample or until autoignition occurs;
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
autoignition is evidenced by the sudden appearance of a flame
actual fire conditions.
inside the flask. The lowest flask temperature at which autoi-
gnition occurs for a series of prescribed sample volumes is
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the taken to be the autoignition temperature of the fluid in air at
one atmosphere pressure.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Significance and Use
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Autoignition is dependent on the chemical and physical
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
properties of the material and the method and apparatus
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
employed for its determination. The autoignition temperature
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
by a given method does not necessarily represent the minimum
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
temperature at which a given material will self-ignite in air.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
The volume of the vessel used is particularly important since
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
lower autoignition temperatures will be achieved in larger
vessels. Vessel material can also be an important factor.
2. Terminology
4.2 The temperatures determined by this test method are
2.1 Definitions:
those at which air oxidation leads to ignition. These tempera-
2.1.1 autoignition, n—the ignition of a material commonly
tures can be expected to vary with the test pressure and oxygen
in air as the result of heat liberation due to the exothermic
concentration.
oxidation reaction in the absence of an external ignition source
such as a spark or flame. 4.3 This test method is not designed for evaluating materials
which are capable of exothermic decomposition. For such
materials, ignition is dependent upon the thermal and kinetic
properties of the decomposition, the mass of the sample, and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
the heat transfer characteristics of the system.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.
4.4 This test method is not designed for evaluating for solid
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published February 2019. Originally
chemicals which melt and vaporize or which readily sublime at
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2155 – 12. DOI:
10.1520/D2155-18. the test temperature.
*A Summary of Changes section appear
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2155 − 12 D2155 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Fire Resistance of Aircraft Hydraulic Fluids
1
by Autoignition Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2155; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method is used for assessing the fire resistance of hydraulic fluids used for aircraft applications by determination
of the autoignition temperature of the hydraulic fluid in air at one atmosphere pressure using hypodermic syringe injection.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 autoignition, n—the ignition of a material commonly in air as the result of heat liberation due to the exothermic oxidation
reaction in the absence of an external ignition source such as a spark or flame.
2.1.2 autoignition temperature, n—the minimum temperature at which autoignition occurs under the specified conditions of the
test.
2.1.3 ignition, n—the initiation of combustion.
2.1.4 ignition time lag, n—the time lapse between application of the heat to a material and its ignition; it is the time in seconds
between the insertion of the sample into the flask and ignition.
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A small metered sample of the fluid to be tested is injected with a hypodermic syringe into a heated 200-mL200 mL
Erlenmeyer borosilicate glass flask containing air. The contents of the flask are observed in a darkened room for 5 min 5 min
following injection of the sample or until autoignition occurs; autoignition is evidenced by the sudden appearance of a flame inside
the flask. The lowest flask temperature at which autoignition occurs for a series of prescribed sample volumes is taken to be the
autoignition temperature of the fluid in air at one atmosphere pressure.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Autoignition is dependent on the chemical and physical properties of the material and the method and apparatus employed
for its determination. The autoignition temperature by a given method does not necessarily represent the minimum temperature at
which a given material will self-ignite in air. The volume of the vessel used is particularly important since lower autoignition
temperatures will be achieved in larger vessels. Vessel material can also be an important factor.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2018. Published November 2012February 2019. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 19762012
as D2155-66(1976)D2155 – 12. which was withdrawn August 1980 and reinstated in July 2012. DOI: 10.1520/D2155-12DOI: 10.1520/D2155-18.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D2155 − 18
4.2 The temperatures determined by this test method are those at which air oxidation leads to ignition. These temperatures can
be expected
...
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