ASTM D2161-19

Standard Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 At one time the petroleum industry relied on measuring kinematic viscosity by means of the Saybolt viscometer, and expressing kinematic viscosity in units of Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) and Saybolt Furol Seconds (SFS). This practice is now obsolete in the petroleum industry.  
4.2 This practice establishes the official equations relating SUS and SFS to the SI kinematic viscosity units, mm2/s.  
4.3 This practice allows for the conversion between SUS and SFS units and SI units of kinematic viscosity.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers the conversion tables and equations for converting kinematic viscosity in mm2/s at any temperature to Saybolt Universal viscosity in Saybolt Universal seconds (SUS) at the same temperature and for converting kinematic viscosity in mm2/s at 122 °F and 210 °F (50 °C and 98.9 °C) to Saybolt Furol viscosity in Saybolt Furol seconds (SFS) at the same temperatures. Kinematic viscosity values are based on water being 1.0034 mm2/s (cSt) at 68 °F (20 °C).  
1.2 If a method other than Test Method D445 is used to generate the kinematic viscosity data, apply appropriate relative-bias correction factors as found in the precision section of that method, before performing the calculations of this practice.
Note 1: The equations in D2161 were originally empirically derived using data from both D445 and the Saybolt viscometer method. Therefore, it is conceivable that an error could result if the kinematic viscosities used are not bias-corrected to D445 results. It is recommended that kinematic viscosity be reported in millimetres squared per second, instead of Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) or Saybolt Furol Seconds (SFS). This method is being retained for the purpose of calculation of kinematic viscosities from SUS and SFS data that appear in past literature. One millimetre squared per second (mm2/s) equals one centistoke (cSt), which is another unit commonly found in older literature.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for reference information purposes only. The SI unit of kinematic viscosity is mm2/s.  
1.3.1 Exception—Fahrenheit temperature units are used in this practice because they are accepted by industry for the type of legacy conversions described in this practice.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2019
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.07 - Flow Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2161 − 19
Standard Practice for
Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal
1
Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
2 mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice covers the conversion tables and equa-
2 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
tions for converting kinematic viscosity in mm /s at any
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
temperature to Saybolt Universal viscosity in Saybolt Univer-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
sal seconds (SUS) at the same temperature and for converting
2 Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
kinematic viscosity in mm /s at 122°F and 210°F (50°C and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
98.9°C) to Saybolt Furol viscosity in Saybolt Furol seconds
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
(SFS)atthesametemperatures.Kinematicviscosityvaluesare
2
based on water being 1.0034mm /s (cSt) at 68°F (20°C).
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 If a method other than Test Method D445 is used to
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
generate the kinematic viscosity data, apply appropriate
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
relative-biascorrectionfactorsasfoundintheprecisionsection
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of DynamicViscos-
of that method, before performing the calculations of this
ity)
practice.
D2270Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
NOTE 1—The equations in D2161 were originally empirically derived
matic Viscosity at 40°C and 100°C
usingdatafrombothD445andtheSayboltviscometermethod.Therefore,
D7042Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of
itisconceivablethatanerrorcouldresultifthekinematicviscositiesused
are not bias-corrected to D445 results. It is recommended that kinematic
Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of
viscositybereportedinmillimetressquaredpersecond,insteadofSaybolt
Kinematic Viscosity)
UniversalSeconds(SUS)orSayboltFurolSeconds(SFS).Thismethodis
4
2.2 ASTM Adjunct:
beingretainedforthepurposeofcalculationofkinematicviscositiesfrom
ADJD2161Viscosity Extrapolation Tables to Zero Degrees
SUS and SFS data that appear in past literature. One millimetre squared
2
per second (mm /s) equals one centistoke (cSt), which is another unit
Fahrenheit (SSU)
commonly found in older literature.
3. Summary of Practice
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
3.1 The Saybolt Universal viscosity equivalent to a given
reference information purposes only. The SI unit of kinematic
kinematic viscosity varies with the temperature at which the
2
viscosity is mm /s.
determination is made. The basic conversion values are those
1.3.1 Exception—Fahrenheit temperature units are used in
given in Table 1 for 100°F. The Saybolt Universal viscosity
this practice because they are accepted by industry for the type
equivalent to a given kinematic viscosity at any temperature
of legacy conversions described in this practice.
may be calculated as described in 4.3. Equivalent values at
210°F are given in Table 1 for convenience.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 The Saybolt Furol viscosity equivalents are tabulated in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Table 3 for temperatures of 122°F and 210°F only.
3.3 ExamplesforusingthetablesaregiveninAppendixX1.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
3
mittee D02.07 on Flow Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published May 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approvedin1963,replacingformerD446andD666.Lastpreviouseditionapproved Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
in 2017 as D2161 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D2161-19. the ASTM website.
2 4
This practice, together with Practice D2270, replaces Compilation of ASTM Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
Viscosity Tables for Kinematic Viscosity Co
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2161 − 17 D2161 − 19
Standard Practice for
Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal
1
Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2 2
1.1 This practice covers the conversion tables and equations for converting kinematic viscosity in mm /s at any temperature
to Saybolt Universal viscosity in Saybolt Universal seconds (SUS) at the same temperature and for converting kinematic viscosity
2
in mm /s at 122 °F and 210 °F (50 °C and 98.9 °C) to Saybolt Furol viscosity in Saybolt Furol seconds (SFS) at the same
2
temperatures. Kinematic viscosity values are based on water being 1.0034 mm /s (cSt) at 68 °F (20 °C).
NOTE 1—A fundamental and preferred method for measuring kinematic viscosity is by use of kinematic viscometers as outlined in Test Method D445.
Kinematic viscosity results from Test Method D7042 may be used provided they are bias-corrected by the application of the correction described in Test
Method D7042 for the specific sample type. In case of dispute, Test Method D445 shall be the referee method. It is recommended that kinematic viscosity
be reported in millimetres squared per second, instead of Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) or Saybolt Furol Seconds (SFS). This method is being retained
2
for the purpose of calculation of kinematic viscosities from SUS and SFS data that appear in past literature. One millimetre squared per second (mm /s)
equals one centistoke (cSt), which is another unit commonly found in older literature.
1.2 If a method other than Test Method D445 is used to generate the kinematic viscosity data, apply appropriate relative-bias
correction factors as found in the precision section of that method, before performing the calculations of this practice.
NOTE 1—The equations in D2161 were originally empirically derived using data from both D445 and the Saybolt viscometer method. Therefore, it
is conceivable that an error could result if the kinematic viscosities used are not bias-corrected to D445 results. It is recommended that kinematic viscosity
be reported in millimetres squared per second, instead of Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) or Saybolt Furol Seconds (SFS). This method is being retained
2
for the purpose of calculation of kinematic viscosities from SUS and SFS data that appear in past literature. One millimetre squared per second (mm /s)
equals one centistoke (cSt), which is another unit commonly found in older literature.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for reference
2
information purposes only. The SI unit of kinematic viscosity is mm /s.
1.3.1 Exception—Fahrenheit temperature units are used in this practice because they are accepted by industry for the type of
legacy conversions described in this practice.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 °C and 100 °C
D7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic
Viscosity)
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved July 1, 2017May 1, 2019. Published July 2017May 2019. Originally app
...