ASTM D4447-15
(Guide)Standard Guide for Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals and Samples
Standard Guide for Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals and Samples
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 “Stand-alone” laboratories rarely generate or handle large volumes of hazardous substances. However, the safe handling and disposal of these substances is still a matter of concern. Since the promulgation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, more attention has been given to the proper handling and disposal of such materials. States may adopt more stringent requirements; information on this may be found along the path EPA Home > Wastes > Regions/States/Tribes > RCRA State Authorization > Data, Charts and Graphs (STATS) > State/Regional. To keep track of this, EPA classifies state regulatory language as (1) authorized, (2) procedural/enforcement, (3) broader in scope, and (4) unauthorized, and it publishes notices concerning the first three in the Federal Register.
4.2 Laboratory management should designate an individual who will be responsible for waste disposal and must review the RCRA guidelines, in particular:
40 CFR 261.3 - definition of a hazardous waste,
40 CFR 261.33 -specific substances listed as hazardous,
40 CFR 262 - generator requirements and exclusions, and proper shipping and manifesting procedures.
4.3 Because many laboratory employees could be involved in the proper treatment and disposal of laboratory chemicals and samples, it is recommended that a safety and training program be designed and presented to all regarding procedures to follow in the treatment and disposal of designated laboratory wastes. This recommendation is required in the United States by the EPA (40 CFR 265.16). For those who pack and ship, Hazardous Materials Shipper training is also required by DOT (49 CFR 172.203).5
4.4 If practical and economically feasible, it is recommended that all laboratory waste be either recovered, re-used, or disposed of in-house. However, should this not be the case, other alternatives are presented. This guide is intended only as a suggested organized method for classification, segregation, and disposal of c...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide the chemical laboratory manager, chemical laboratory safety officer, and other relevant staff with guidelines for the disposal of small quantities of laboratory wastes safely and in an environmentally sound manner. This guide is applicable to laboratories that generate small quantities of chemical or toxic wastes. Generally, such tasks include, but are not limited to, analytical chemistry, process control, and research or life science laboratories. It would be impossible to address the disposal of all waste from all types of laboratories. This guide is intended to address the more common laboratory waste streams.
1.2 This guide is primarily intended to support compliance with environmental laws in the United States of America; however, the information contained herein can be useful to laboratories in other geopolitical jurisdictions. Some of these laws provide for states to take over regulation of air quality or natural water quality with the approval of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Other matters, such as laboratory waste tracking, disposal as household garbage and use of sewers, are handled at the state, local or provider level throughout the country. Examples of providers are air scrubber services, municipal sewer systems, municipal and private garbage services, and treatment, storage or disposal facilities (TSD). Go to the EPA home page, click Wastes > Regions/States/Tribes > States to get help locating state regulations. Unfortunately, it is not possible for any one source to provide all the information necessary for laboratories to comply with all regulations. To ensure compliance, the laboratory manager must communicate with regulators at all four levels.
1.3 Though it would be convenient to cite each reference by its Universal Resource Locator (URL), this guide eschews that (because such references are too labile) with the exception of http://www.epa.gov fo...
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Designation: D4447 − 15
Standard Guide for
1
Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals and Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope federal legislation in the United States. Intra-site links sug-
gested here are also subject to obsolescence. However, one can
1.1 This guide is intended to provide the chemical labora-
enter in the web site search box the title of the document cited
tory manager, chemical laboratory safety officer, and other
to locate it.
relevant staff with guidelines for the disposal of small quanti-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ties of laboratory wastes safely and in an environmentally
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sound manner. This guide is applicable to laboratories that
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
generate small quantities of chemical or toxic wastes.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Generally, such tasks include, but are not limited to, analytical
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
chemistry, process control, and research or life science labo-
ratories. It would be impossible to address the disposal of all
2. Referenced Documents
waste from all types of laboratories. This guide is intended to
2
address the more common laboratory waste streams.
2.1 Department of Transportation Regulations:
49 CFR 172 Hazardous Materials Tables and Hazardous
1.2 This guide is primarily intended to support compliance
Materials Communications Regulations
with environmental laws in the United States of America;
49 CFR 172.203 DOT Hazardous Materials Table, Addi-
however, the information contained herein can be useful to
tional Description Requirements
laboratories in other geopolitical jurisdictions. Some of these
49 CFR 173 Shippers—General Requirements for Ship-
laws provide for states to take over regulation of air quality or
ments and Packagings
natural water quality with the approval of the Environmental
49CFR173.12(b) DOTShippers’GeneralRequirementsfor
Protection Agency (EPA). Other matters, such as laboratory
Shipments and Packagings. Exceptions for shipment of
waste tracking, disposal as household garbage and use of
waste materials: Lab packs
sewers, are handled at the state, local or provider level
49 CFR 178 Shipping Container Specifications
throughout the country. Examples of providers are air scrubber
49 CFR 179 Specifications for Tank Cars
services, municipal sewer systems, municipal and private
3
2.2 EPA Regulations:
garbage services, and treatment, storage or disposal facilities
40 CFR 261 Protection of Environment. Identification and
(TSD). Go to the EPA home page, click Wastes > Regions/
Listing of Hazardous Waste (includes 261.2, Definition of
States/Tribes > States to get help locating state regulations.
solid waste
Unfortunately, it is not possible for any one source to provide
40 CFR 261.3 Definition of Hazardous Waste
all the information necessary for laboratories to comply with
40 CFR 261.33 Discarded Commercial Chemical Products,
all regulations. To ensure compliance, the laboratory manager
Off-Specifications Species, Container Residues, and Resi-
must communicate with regulators at all four levels.
dues Thereof
1.3 Though it would be convenient to cite each reference by
40 CFR 261.5 Special Requirements for Hazardous Waste
its Universal Resource Locator (URL), this guide eschews that
Generated by Small Quantity Generators
(because such references are too labile) with the exception of
40 CFR 262.34 RCRA Standards Applicable to Generators
http://www.epa.gov for the United States Environmental Pro-
of Hazardous Waste. Accumulation Time
tection Agency, http://www.dot.gov or http://
40 CFR 262.40 EPA Standards Applicable to Generators of
www.hazmat.dot.gov for the United States Department of
Hazardous Waste. Recordkeeping and Reporting: Record-
Transportation, and http://thomas.loc.gov to follow pending
keeping.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
2
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on Available from PHMSA, U.S. Department of Transportation, 400 7th Street,
Planning for Sampling. SW, Washington, DC 20590; http://hazmat.dot.gov/regs/rules.htm
3
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Ariel
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4447 – 10 DOI: Rios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washing
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4447 − 10 D4447 − 15
Standard Guide for
1
Disposal of Laboratory Chemicals and Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide is intended to provide the chemical laboratory manager manager, chemical laboratory safety officer, and other
relevant staff with guidelines for the disposal of small quantities of laboratory wastes safely and in an environmentally sound
manner. This guide is applicable to laboratories that generate small quantities of chemical or toxic wastes. Generally, such tasks
include, but are not limited to, analytical chemistry, process control, and research or life science laboratories. It would be
impossible to address the disposal of all waste from all types of laboratories. This guide is intended to address the more common
laboratory waste streams.
1.2 This guide is primarily intended to support compliance with environmental laws in the United States of America. America;
however, the information contained herein can be useful to laboratories in other geopolitical jurisdictions. Some of these laws
provide for states to take over regulation of air quality or natural water quality with the approval of the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA). Other matters, such as laboratory waste tracking, disposal as household garbage and use of sewers, are handled
at the state, local or provider level throughout the country. Examples of providers are air scrubber services, municipal sewer
systems, municipal and private garbage services, and treatment, storage or disposal facilities (TSD). Go to the EPA home page,
click Wastes > Regions/States/Tribes > States to get help locating state regulations. Unfortunately, it is not possible for any one
source to provide all the information necessary for laboratories to comply with all regulations. To ensure compliance, the laboratory
manager must communicate with regulators at all four levels.
1.3 Though it would be convenient to cite each reference by its Universal Resource Locator (URL), this guide eschews that
(because such references are too labile) with the exception of http://www.epa.gov for the United States Environmental Protection
Agency, http://www.dot.gov or http://www.hazmat.dot.gov for the United States Department of Transportation, and http://
thomas.loc.gov to follow pending federal legislation in the United States. Intra-site links suggested here are also subject to
obsolescence. However, one can enter in the web site search box the title of the document cited to locate it.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 Department of Transportation Regulations:
49 CFR 172 Hazardous Materials Tables and Hazardous Materials Communications Regulations
49 CFR 172.203 DOT Hazardous Materials Table, Additional Description Requirements
49 CFR 173 Shippers—General Requirements for Shipments and Packagings
49 CFR 173.12(b) DOT Shippers’ General Requirements for Shipments and Packagings. Exceptions for shipment of waste
materials: Lab packs
49 CFR 178 Shipping Container Specifications
49 CFR 179 Specifications for Tank Cars
3
2.2 EPA Regulations:
40 CFR 261 Protection of Environment. Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste (includes 261.2, Definition of solid waste
40 CFR 261.3 Definition of Hazardous Waste
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on Planning for
Sampling.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2015. Published January 2011December 2015. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20062010
as D4447 – 06.D4447 – 10 DOI: 10.1520/D4447-10.10.1520/D4447-15
2
Available from PHMSA, U.S. Department of Transportation, 400 7th Street, SW, Washington, DC 20590; http://hazmat.dot.gov/regs/rules.htm
3
Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Ariel Rios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460; http://www.epa.gov/
epahome/lawregs.htm
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