ASTM F1414-99
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chain Saw in Lower Body (Legs) Protective Clothing
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chain Saw in Lower Body (Legs) Protective Clothing
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures cut resistance of garments and devices worn to protect the lower (legs) body when operating a chain saw.
1.2 This test method may be used to test for compliance to minimum performance requirements in established safety standards.
1.2.1 By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, or as required by established safety standards, it will be decided if this test method will be used to determine any one or all of the following: (1) threshold stopping speed; (2) success/failure (jamming/chain stop) at specified chain speed; or (3) cut through time.
1.3 This test method may be used to determine levels of protection for areas of coverage as stipulated in established safety standards.
1.4 The values stated in SI units or in inch-pound shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F 1414 – 99
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chain Saw in Lower
Body (Legs) Protective Clothing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1414; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
2.3 AATCC Test Methods:
1.1 This test method measures cut resistance of garments
AATCC 96 Dimensional Changes in Laundering of Woven
and devices worn to protect the lower (legs) body when
and Knitted Fabrics, except Wool
operating a chain saw.
AATCC 158 Dimensional Changes on Drycleaning in Per-
1.2 This test method may be used to test for compliance to
chloroethylene: Machine Method
minimum performance requirements in established safety stan-
2.4 Military Standards:
dards.
MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-
1.2.1 By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier,
tion by Attributes
or as required by established safety standards, it will be
MIL-C-12369 Cloth, Ballistic, Nylon
decided if this test method will be used to determine one or
2.5 Federal Standard:
both of the following: (1) chain speed 50 (CS50), and (2)
FS 5100-86 Type II, Cloth, Duck, Nylon, Polyurethane
success/failure (jamming/chain stop) at specified chain speed.
Coated
1.3 This test method may be used to determine levels of
protection for areas of coverage as stipulated in established
3. Terminology
safety standards.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 The values stated in SI units or in inch-pound shall be
3.1.1 chain saw, n—a portable power operated tool used for
regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
cutting wood which has cutters linked in a chain.
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
3.1.2 chain speed 50 (CS50), n—for chain saw protection,
must be used independently of the other, without combining
the mean velocity at which cut through occurs.
values in any way.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—This value establishes the relationship
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
between the probability of cutting through the protective
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
clothing (or foot protective device) and the speed of the saw
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
chain. For lower chain speeds, the probability of cut through
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
approches zero, while for higher chain speeds, the probability
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of cut through approches one.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.3 chain stop, n—the resulting action when a material
clogs (jams) the drive sprocket or slows the speed sufficiently
2.1 The following documents, form a part of this specifica-
to prevent advancement of the chain saw.
tion to the extent referenced herein:
3.1.4 cut resistance, n—in chain saw testing, the ability of a
2.2 ASTM Standards:
material, while in contact with the linked cutters, to resist cut
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
through of the cutters of a moving saw chain independent of
D1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—
either jamming or chain stop.
Sponge or Expanded Rubber
3.1.5 cut-through, n—for chain saw cut resistance, the
D1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
action of a running chain saw after complete breakthrough of
either a protective garment or protective device.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-23 on
Protective Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.20 on
Physical Properties.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 1999. Published December 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
e1 6
published as F 1414 – 92. Last previous edition F 1414 – 92a (1997) . Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, PO
See Section 15 for additional references. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F1414–99
3.1.5.1 Discussion—When a cut through is effected, speed rotational energy, so that chain speed can be slowed down
of the saw chain must be measured. sufficiently to stop the movement of the saw chain; or (4) any
combination of these.
3.1.6 jamming, n—for chain saw cut resistance, the clog-
5.4 This test method does not purport to evaluate comfort of
ging action manifested by a protective garment which can
lower body protective garments.
produce a chain stop.
5.5 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported
3.1.7 lower body, n—that part of the human body which
test results when using this test method for acceptance testing
includes all portions between the waist and feet, not to include
of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier
the feet.
should perform comparative tests to determine if there is a
3.1.8 protective clothing, n—a product made of a material,
statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical
or combination of materials which is designed and constructed
assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a
for the purpose of isolating parts of the body from a potential
minimum, the two parties should take a group of test speci-
hazard.
mens from the same lot of components to be evaluated. The test
3.1.8.1 Discussion—For lower body (leg) chain saw resis-
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
tance, this can include any configuration which provides a level
to each laboratory for testing. If a bias is found, either its cause
of cut resistance for that portion of the body between the waist
must be determined and corrected or the purchaser and the
and the feet which needs protection.
supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the
3.1.9 saw chain, n—a closed cloop of cutters linked to-
known bias.
gether for use in a portable power-operated tool.
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
6. Apparatus
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
6.1 Apparatus consists of three main components:
3.3 For definitions of other protective clothing, terms used
6.2 Specimen Holder:
in this test method, refer to Terminology F 1494.
6.2.1 A stationary wooden cylinder having a diameter of
150 mm (6 in.) and a minimum length of 350 mm (14 in.) (see
4. Summary of Test Method
Fig. 1).
4.1 Test specimens are securely mounted on a test apparatus
6.2.1.1 The cylinder is covered with a vinyl nitrile foam
which simulates a human leg.
having a thickness of 18 mm (0.75 in.) (see Fig. 1). This
4.2 A chain saw, of specific characteristic and operating at a covering shall have a density between 55 and 80 kg/m and its
designated speed, is brought into contact with the test speci-
resistance to a 25 % compression shall be between 10 and 20
men. kPa measured in accordance with the testing procedure in
4.2.1 The cutting action of the saw chain will achieve one of Specification D 1056.
the following results; (1) complete cut through with chain stop,
NOTE 2—Ensolite M, a synthetic foam rubber made of PVC and NBR,
(2) complete cut through without chain stop, (3) no cut through
meets the requirements stipulated in Specification D 1056.
with a chain stop, or (4) no cut through without a chain stop.
6.2.1.2 Two specimen attachment plates each secured by
4.3 Chain speed is measured electronically just prior to
two screws to the wooden cylinder parallel to the axis of that
contact with test specimen. Chain speed is adjusted and
cylinder. Each plate is 75 by 25 mm (3 by 1 in.) (see Fig. 1).
reported based on these measurements.
6.2.1.3 The stationary wooden cylinder shall be attached to
a swivel mechanism that allows the mandrel to be moved to an
NOTE 1—Materials may be characterized by repeated testing at differ-
ent speeds, followed by a calculation of CS50. Alternatively, for quality angle of either 45° or 90° to the vertical plane of the guide bar.
control, results may be reported as pass or fail at one pre-selected chain
Specimen must be securely attached to mandrel to prevent
speed.
movement of specimen.
9,10
6.3 Chain Saw and Related Equipment:
5. Significance and Use
6.3.1 Saw:
5.1 The purpose of this test method is to provide a measur-
6.3.1.1 A gas-powered chain saw having an idle speed of
able criterion of performance about the level of cut resistance
22506 250 rpm, a maximum power of 3.3 6 0.3 kW at 8500
provided by different types of protective garments and pro-
rpm that meets the following specifications: (1) 66.7 cm or 4.0
tected coverings worn by chain saw operators.
in. ; (2) bore 50 mm; (3) stroke 34 mm; (4) clutch engagement
5.2 This test method is intended to show to what level a
speed of 3450 6 250 rpm; (5) maximum no load speed of
protective garment can offer resistance to the cutting action of 12 500 rpm; (6) maximum no load chain speed of 27 m/s (5475
a chain saw.
f/m); and (7) ⁄8 by 7 tooth rim drive sprocket. (Figs. 3 and 4)
5.3 The protection which can be demonstrated by the
garments and coverings tested in accordance with this test
method is achieved by: (1) the cut resistance of the material to 8
See Appendix X1 to review maintenance checklist.
cutting when put in contact with saw chain; (2) pulling a part
Husqvarna Model 266, XP with a seven tooth drive sprocket, available from
Husqvarna, 907 W. Irving Park Road, Itasca, IL 60143, 312-773-2777.
of the material or yarns in the material so that they are drawn
This is the sole source of supply known to the committee at this time. If you
into the chain and drive mechanism to block the chain
are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
movement; (3) the fibers of the materials used to demonstrate
Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
both high resistance to cutting and the capacity to absorb responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
F1414–99
Item Quantity Description
FIG. 2 Specimen Holder (Attachment and Positioning)
A 1 steel plate 0.25 by 576 by 670 mm
B 2 steel plate 0.25 by 216 by 375 mm
C 2 steel plate 0.25 by 208 by 216 mm
D 1 steel tube 0.75 by ID − 1 mm OD by 172 mm
E 1 aluminum plate 0.5 by 4 by 14.5 mm
F 1 hardwood or white pine 152 by 400 mm
G 2 hinge 3 by 3 by ⁄16 in.
H 1 foam pad 15 by 180 by 360 mm + glue
I 6 threaded rod 0.40 by 16 by 120 mm
J 12 bolt 0.40 by 16 mm
K 8 wood screw 8 by .75 mm TR
L 1 steel axle .75 mm diameter 3 350 threaded .75
mm 3 10 mm 3 80 mm at each end
M 2 pillow block VPS112 valuline browing
N 5 bolt 0.75 by 10 mm
O 1 hex bolt 0.75 by 10 by 70 mm
P 1 square 30 mm 3 90 mm 3 ⁄16 3 75L
Q 1 stopping block 20 mm 3 40 mm 3 60L
R 1 lever support ⁄16 3 80 mm 3 130 mm
S 1 lever 0.25 by 60 by 120 mm
T 1 axle 0.250
U 1 compression spring
V 1 micro-switch
W 1 safety shield pivoting on D
FIG. 3 Post Contact with Specimen (Front View) and Data
Acquisition System
NOTE 1—Measurements are in millimetres. Arcs of a circle are mea-
sured on the circumference of the wood cylinder.
FIG. 1 Specimen Holder (Front View Facing Chain Saw)
dance with many manufacturers’ published specifications.
,
10 11
6.3.2 Chain:
6.3.1.2 Throttle control mechanism is used to maintain
6.3.2.1 A chain with a pitch of 10 mm ( ⁄8 in.), a 0.058-in.
constant saw chain speed.
gage, and a round ground full chisel cutter.
6.3.1.3 The engine of the chain saw is a two-stroke engine
6.3.2.2 The chain must be sharpened using the sharpening
that uses a gasoline/oil mixture. The gasoline shall be a
procedure noted in Annex A1 before testing.
premium unleaded without alcohol additive and having a
6.3.3 Guide Bar:
minimum anti-knock rating of 90. The oil shall be a high-
6.3.3.1 A guide bar having a length of 500 mm (20 in.) with
quality two-stroke oil especially developed for chain saws. Mix
an eleven-tooth roller-nose sprocket designed to accommodate
ratio is 50:1 (2 % two-stroke oil to 98 % gasoline).
a 10-mm ( ⁄8-in.) pitch, 0.058 in. gage saw chain.
6.3.1.4 Chain saw power head shall be checked using a
6.3.3.2 The roller nose on the guide bar will need to be
dynamometer after any of the following: (1) when CS50 of a
cleaned at periodic intervals. To facilitate repeated cleanings,
calibration sample lot exceeds a range of speed greater than 12
the rivets attaching the roller nose to the bar should be
m/s 6 1.0 m/s (2400 fpm 6 200 fpm); (2) after 120 test cuts;
replaced. Modification requires that rivets be removed and
or (3) when chain saw has been idle for more than 30 days.
NOTE 3—When testing constraints prevent dynamometer verification,
technician is responsible to check that the engine is running smoothly,
starts readily, has a clean screen, if present, a good spark plug, and so 3
A saw chain with a pitch of 10 mm (0.40 in.), ⁄8 , 72LP (73LP) Oregon Type,
forth.
manufactured by Blount, Inc., 4909 S.E. International Way, PO Box 22127,
NOTE 4—All requirements of the chain saw are determined in accor- Portland, OR 97222.
F1414–99
effective means may be used to determine chain speed with
equivalent precision (see Fig. 3).
7. Hazards
7.1 Warning—The chain saw equipment used in this test
method can pose a potential danger to the technician if specific
safety cautions are not followed.
7.2 As a minimum safety precaution, it is suggested that the
spark plug wire be disengaged until engine needs to be started.
7.3 As a further safety precaution, it is suggested that the
spark plug wire be grounded by circuitry after cutting the lower
wire of the data collection system. If the chain stops before this
wire is cut, or if the chain slides over the specimen, a timer
should limit the test and stop the engine by grounding the
electric circuitry of the chain saw.
FIG. 4 Post Contact with Specimen (Rear View)
7.4 The technician performing this test method should use
ear protection to avoid potential hearing injury.
7.5 The technician performing this test method should use
holes be enlarged by drilling, so that aircraft quality bolts and
eye protection to avoid potential eye injury.
locking nuts can be used.
6.3.4 Chain Guidance and Lubrication: 7.6 The chain saw motor should be vented to preven
...
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