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ASTM F1414-99

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chain Saw in Lower Body (Legs) Protective Clothing

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chain Saw in Lower Body (Legs) Protective Clothing

SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures cut resistance of garments and devices worn to protect the lower (legs) body when operating a chain saw.
1.2 This test method may be used to test for compliance to minimum performance requirements in established safety standards.
1.2.1 By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, or as required by established safety standards, it will be decided if this test method will be used to determine any one or all of the following: (1) threshold stopping speed; (2) success/failure (jamming/chain stop) at specified chain speed; or (3) cut through time.
1.3 This test method may be used to determine levels of protection for areas of coverage as stipulated in established safety standards.
1.4 The values stated in SI units or in inch-pound shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Aug-1999
ICS
13.340.10 - Protective clothing
Technical Committee
F23 - Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment
Drafting Committee
F23.20 - Physical
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F1414-04 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chain Saw in Lower Body (Legs) Protective Clothing
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM F1897-20 - Standard Specification for Leg Protection for Chain Saw Users
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM F1458-15(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chainsaw of Foot Protective Devices
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM F1494-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999
Referred By
ASTM F1818-15(2022) - Standard Specification for Foot Protection for Chainsaw Users
Effective Date
10-Aug-1999

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ASTM F1414-99 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chain Saw in Lower Body (Legs) Protective ClothingASTM F1414-99 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chain Saw in Lower Body (Legs) Protective Clothing
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ASTM F1414-99 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chain Saw in Lower Body (Legs) Protective Clothing
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F 1414 – 99
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chain Saw in Lower
1
Body (Legs) Protective Clothing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1414; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
5
1. Scope F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
2.3 AATCC Test Methods:
1.1 This test method measures cut resistance of garments
AATCC 96 Dimensional Changes in Laundering of Woven
and devices worn to protect the lower (legs) body when
6
and Knitted Fabrics, except Wool
operating a chain saw.
AATCC 158 Dimensional Changes on Drycleaning in Per-
1.2 This test method may be used to test for compliance to
6
chloroethylene: Machine Method
minimum performance requirements in established safety stan-
2.4 Military Standards:
dards.
MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-
1.2.1 By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier,
7
tion by Attributes
or as required by established safety standards, it will be
7
MIL-C-12369 Cloth, Ballistic, Nylon
decided if this test method will be used to determine one or
2.5 Federal Standard:
both of the following: (1) chain speed 50 (CS50), and (2)
FS 5100-86 Type II, Cloth, Duck, Nylon, Polyurethane
success/failure (jamming/chain stop) at specified chain speed.
7
Coated
1.3 This test method may be used to determine levels of
protection for areas of coverage as stipulated in established
3. Terminology
safety standards.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 The values stated in SI units or in inch-pound shall be
3.1.1 chain saw, n—a portable power operated tool used for
regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
cutting wood which has cutters linked in a chain.
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
3.1.2 chain speed 50 (CS50), n—for chain saw protection,
must be used independently of the other, without combining
the mean velocity at which cut through occurs.
values in any way.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—This value establishes the relationship
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
between the probability of cutting through the protective
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
clothing (or foot protective device) and the speed of the saw
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
chain. For lower chain speeds, the probability of cut through
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
approches zero, while for higher chain speeds, the probability
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of cut through approches one.
2
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.3 chain stop, n—the resulting action when a material
clogs (jams) the drive sprocket or slows the speed sufficiently
2.1 The following documents, form a part of this specifica-
to prevent advancement of the chain saw.
tion to the extent referenced herein:
3.1.4 cut resistance, n—in chain saw testing, the ability of a
2.2 ASTM Standards:
3
material, while in contact with the linked cutters, to resist cut
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
through of the cutters of a moving saw chain independent of
D1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials—
4
either jamming or chain stop.
Sponge or Expanded Rubber
3
3.1.5 cut-through, n—for chain saw cut resistance, the
D1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
action of a running chain saw after complete breakthrough of
either a protective garment or protective device.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-23 on
Protective Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.20 on
Physical Properties.
5
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 1999. Published December 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
e1 6
published as F 1414 – 92. Last previous edition F 1414 – 92a (1997) . Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, PO
2
See Section 15 for additional references. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1414–99
3.1.5.1 Discussion—When a cut through is effected, speed rotational energy, so that chain speed can be slowed down
of the saw chain must be measured. sufficiently to stop the movement of the saw chain; or (4) any
combination of th
...

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5.1 The purpose of this test method is to provide a measurable criterion of performance about the level of cut resistance provided by different types of protective garments and protected coverings worn by chainsaw operators.  
5.2 This test method is intended to show to what level a protective garment can offer resistance to the cutting action of a chainsaw.  
5.3 The protection which can be demonstrated by the garments and coverings tested in accordance with this test method is achieved by: (1) the cut resistance of the material to cutting when put in contact with saw chain; (2) pulling a part of the material or yarns in the material so that they are drawn into the chain and drive mechanism to block the chain movement; (3) the fibers of the materials used to demonstrate both high resistance to cutting and the capacity to absorb rotational energy, so that chain speed can be slowed down sufficiently to stop the movement of the saw chain; or (4) any combination of these.  
5.4 This test method does not purport to evaluate comfort of lower body protective garments.  
5.5 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should perform comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens from the same lot of components to be evaluated. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. If a bias is found, either its cause must be determined and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures cut resistance of garments and devices worn to protect the lower body (legs) when operating a chainsaw.  
1.2 This test method may be used to test for compliance to minimum performance requirements in established safety standards.  
1.2.1 By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, or as required by established safety standards, it will be decided if this test method will be used to determine one or both of the following: (1) chain speed 50 (CS50), and (2) success/failure (jamming/chain stop or no cut in less than 1.5 s) at specified chain speed.  
1.3 This test method may be used to determine levels of protection for areas of coverage as stipulated in established safety standards.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.2.1 This test method is not intended to be a quality assurance test. The results do not constitute a material’s performance specification.  
5.2.2 The effects of body position and movement are not addressed in this test method.  
5.3 The measurement of the thermal protection provided by clothing is complex and dependent on the apparatus and techniques used. It is not practical in a test method of this scope to establish details sufficient to cover all contingencies. Departures from the instructions in this test method have the potential to lead to significantly different test results. Technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat transfer and testing practices is needed to evaluate if, and which departures from the instructions given in this test method are significant. Standardization of the test method reduces, but does not eliminate, the need for such technical knowledge. Report any departures along with the results.
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1.1 This test method is used to provide predicted human skin burn injury for single-layer garments or protective clothing ensembles mounted on a stationary upright instrumented manikin which are then exposed in a laboratory to a simulated fire environment having controlled heat flux, flame distribution, and duration. The average exposure heat flux is 84 kW/m2 (2 cal/s·cm2), with durations up to 20 s.  
1.2 The visual and physical changes to the single-layer garment or protective clothing ensemble are recorded to aid in understanding the overall performance of the garment or protective clothing ensemble and how the predicted human skin burn injury results can be interpreted.  
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2.2 Uniform information and performance data increase the likelihood of selecting proper particle protective clothing by direct comparison of one material with another.  
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1.1 This specification establishes minimum requirements for the performance and labeling of isolation gowns intended for use by healthcare workers to provide protection for standard and transmission-based precautions. The intended use of this specification is to ensure the performance properties of isolation gowns for the protection of the wearer. Four levels of barrier properties for isolation gowns are specified in ANSI/AAMI PB 70, and are included in this specification for reference purposes.  
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4.7 Appendix X1 is an example of how several of the referenced standards can be combined into a protoc...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to aid in the application of standards for the development, specification, and selection of chemical protective clothing with the ultimate goal of maintaining the safety and health of workers who come into contact with hazardous chemicals.  
1.2 This guide provides a short description of each referenced standard and then makes specific recommendations for the use of these standards. The referenced standards are organized under the following headings: Material Chemical Resistance, Material Physical Properties, Seam and Closure Performance, and Overall Clothing Performance.  
1.3 No protocol can ensure the selection of protective clothing that guarantees worker protection. The purpose of testing is to generate data and information that will allow the selection of the most appropriate clothing. Ultimately, clothing selection is based on technical evaluation of available information and professional assessment of risk.  
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Standard Test Method for Thermal Resistance, Evaporative Resistance, and Total Heat Loss Measurements of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss provided by fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies, is of considerable importance in determining their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing systems.  
4.1.1 The thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss can be significantly affected by environmental conditions. Extreme care must be taken when using results measured under standard testing conditions to determine a material’s suitability for use in conditions outside the testing conditions.  
4.2 The thermal interchange between people and their environment is an extremely complicated subject that involves many factors in addition to the steady-state resistance values of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies. Therefore, thermal resistance values, evaporative resistance values, and total heat loss measured on a hot plate may or may not indicate relative merit of a particular material or system for a given clothing application. While a possible indicator of clothing performance, measurements produced by the testing of fabrics have no proven correlation to the performance of clothing systems worn by people. Clothing weight, drape, tightness of fit, and so forth, can minimize or even neutralize the apparent differences between fabrics or fabric assemblies measured by this test method.  
4.3 The thermal resistance and evaporative resistance of clothing systems and items can be measured with a heated sweating manikin in an environmental chamber in accordance with Test Methods F1291, F2370, and F3426.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss under steady-state conditions of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies, for use in clothing systems.  
1.2 The range of this measurement technique for intrinsic thermal resistance is from 0.002 to 0.5 K·m2/W and for intrinsic evaporative resistance is from 0.0 to 1.0 kPa·m 2/W. The total heat loss range is from 0.0 to 1300 W/m2.  
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement are provided in this standard but are not regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.2 This test method only addresses that range of cutting hazards that are related to a cutting action by a smooth sharp edge across the surface of the material. It is not representative of any other cutting hazard to which the material may be subjected, such as serrated edges, saw blades, or motorized cutting tools. Nor is it representative of puncture, tear, or other modes of fabric failure.
SCOPE
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1.1.1 This procedure is not valid for high-porosity materials which allow cutting edge contact with the mounting surface prior to cutting.  
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ASTM F3628-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Cooling Energy Provided by Wicking Liquid Moisture and Evaporating It from Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A clothing material’s ability to assist in the evaporation of liquid sweat by managing liquid moisture is of considerable importance when trying to maximize cooling and comfort benefits to the wearer while active. Understanding how much energy is released back to the skin is critical in determining their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing systems or athletic wear.  
4.1.1 The cooling energy released back to the wearer can be significantly affected by environmental conditions. Extreme care must be taken when using standard results measured under standard testing conditions to determine a material’s suitability for use in conditions outside the testing conditions.  
4.2 This test method accounts for a clothing material’s ability to assist in evaporating liquid water during a sweating phase, as well as its ability to dry after the cessation of sweating.  
4.2.1 A large amount of cooling energy released from clothing materials during active work (sweating) is often seen as a positive, as it would assist in keeping the body cooler.  
4.2.2 A large amount of cooling energy released from clothing materials after active work (no sweating) is often seen as a negative, as it known to cause a chilling effect to the wearer.  
4.2.3 The longer it takes for a clothing material to dry after becoming wet is perceived as a negative, as it increases the potential for chilling the wearer.  
4.3 The thermal interchange between people and their environment is, however, an extremely complicated subject that involves many factors in addition to the steady-state resistance values of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies. Therefore, the cooling provided from liquid evaporation may or may not indicate relative merit of a particular material or system for a given clothing application. While a possible indicator of clothing performance, measurements produced by the testing of fabrics have no proven correlation to the perfo...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the cooling energy released back to the wearer’s skin by a clothing material’s ability to move and evaporate controlled dosages of water under controlled ambient conditions using a sweating hot plate.  
1.1.1 This test method establishes procedures for measuring the cooling energy during a simulated “sweating” phase and in a drying phase. Calculations are also provided to determine the drying time and how efficient the clothing material is at assisting in the evaporation of liquid water by comparing it to the maximum amount of energy that can be lost.  
1.2 This test method does not address all properties that affect a clothing material’s ability to lose heat from the body. Consider measuring properties such as air permeability, insulation, and evaporative resistance.  
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3267-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Protective Clothing for Use Against Liquid Chemotherapy and Other Liquid Hazardous Drugs

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes design, performance, documentation, and labeling requirements and provides test methods for protective clothing used in preventing exposure to liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs.  
1.1.1 The principal requirement of this specification is permeation resistance testing of the protective clothing barrier material and seams to a specified battery of seven chemotherapy drugs. Two levels of protective clothing barrier material and seam performance are established for complying with Part A labeling requirements specific to these seven liquid chemotherapy drugs.
1.1.1.1 Broad chemotherapy drug protection is based on the protective clothing barrier material and seams demonstrating breakthrough detection times of 30 min or more for the seven specified chemotherapy drugs.
1.1.1.2 Selective chemotherapy drug protection is based on the protective clothing barrier material and seams demonstrating breakthrough detection times of 30 min or more for at least five of the seven specified chemotherapy drugs.  
1.1.2 It is also possible to report permeation resistance test results for additional liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs of interest as determined by the manufacturer or end user organization using the same breakthrough detection criteria for individual drugs for complying with the Part B labeling requirements.  
1.1.3 Protective clothing meeting this specification is also required to meet minimum flammability requirements, and if used as a medical device, biocompatibility (if used for breached skin contact), and demonstrate sterility assurance, if sterilized prior to use.  
1.1.4 Physical properties that indicate the strength, durability, and breathability of the protective clothing are optionally reported.  
1.1.5 Additional requirements are established for the label and user information to be provided for protective clothing meeting this specification.  
1.1.6 This specification also requires products intended to be used as medical devices such as surgical gowns and isolation gowns to meet the respective requirements of AAMI PB70, Specification F2407/F2407M, and Specification F3352/F3352M, as applicable.  
1.2 This specification does not address all conditions of exposure for individuals who wear protective clothing in the manufacture, transport, compounding, preparation, and administration of liquid chemotherapy and other hazardous drugs in addition to patient care activities and spills where contaminated items with these drugs are encountered.  
1.3 This specification does not address chemotherapy drugs or hazardous drugs that may be encountered in the form of a vapor or aerosol and does not provide any criteria for respiratory protection.  
1.4 This specification does not address the selection, use, or care of protective clothing used for protection against liquid chemotherapy or other liquid hazardous drugs. While this specification does not specifically determine which barrier material to select, the results of the tests described in this specification are useful for selecting barrier materials by comparing the test results among different materials under consideration. See USP 800, Hazardous Drugs—Handling In Healthcare Settings, for specific guidelines on the selection, use, and care of personal protective equipment for protection of healthcare workers against chemotherapy or other hazardous drugs.  
1.5 This specification is intended to provide the basis for manufacturers or suppliers to make specific claims that protective clothing products provide protection against liquid chemotherapy and other liquid hazardous drugs.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its u...

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