ASTM D6454-99
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Short-Term Compression Behavior of Turf Reinforcement Mats (TRMs)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Short-Term Compression Behavior of Turf Reinforcement Mats (TRMs)
SCOPE
1.1 The test method establishes the procedures for evaluation of the deformations of a turf reinforcement mat (TRM) under short-term compressive loading. This test method is strictly an index test method to be used to verify the compressive strength consistency of a given manufactured geosynthetic. Results from this test method should not be considered an indication of actual or long-term performance of the TRM in field applications.
1.2 Since these TRMs experience multidirectional compressive loadings in the field, this test method will not show actual field performance and should not be used for this specific objective. The evaluation of the results also should recognize that the determination of the short term single plane compressive behavior of geosynthetics does not reflect the installed performance of TRMs and, therefore, should not be used as the only method of product or performance specification.
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D6454–99
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Short-Term Compression Behavior of Turf
Reinforcement Mats (TRMs)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6454; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Geotextiles and Geomembranes
1.1 The test method establishes the procedures for evalua-
3. Terminology
tion of the deformations of a turf reinforcement mat (TRM)
3.1 Definitions:
under short-term compressive loading. This test method is
3.1.1 compressive deformation, [L], n—the decrease in
strictly an index test method to be used to verify the compres-
gage length produced in the test specimen by a compressive
sive strength consistency of a given manufactured geosyn-
load.
thetic. Results from this test method should not be considered
3.1.2 compressive strain, [nd], n—the ratio of compressive
as an indication of actual or long-term performance of the
deformation to the gage length of the test specimen.
TRM in field applications.
3.1.3 gage length, [L], n—in compression testing, the mea-
1.2 Since theseTRMs experience multidirectional compres-
sured thickness of the test specimen under specified compres-
sive loadings in the field, this test method will not show actual
sional force, expressed in units of length prior to compressive
field performance and should not be used for this specific
loading. D 5199
objective. The evaluation of the results also should recognize
3.1.4 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
that the determination of the short term single plane compres-
polymeric material used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or
sive behavior of geosynthetics does not reflect the installed
any other geotechnical engineering related material as an
performance ofTRMs and, therefore, should not be used as the
integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.
only method of product or performance specification.
D 4439
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
3.1.5 index test, n—a test procedure which may contain a
The values stated in inch-pound units are provided in paren-
known bias but which may be used to establish an order for a
theses for information only.
set of specimens with respect to the property of interest.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 4439
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.6 yield point, n—the first point on the load-deformation
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
curve at which an increase in deformation occurs without a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
corresponding increase in load.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Some geosynthetics do not exhibit an
2. Referenced Documents exact yield point. The tested TRM may exhibit a less steep
slope at yield. In addition, it should be stated that the yield
2.1 ASTM Standards:
point also may be the ultimate strength of the TRM.
D 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
2 3.1.7 For definitions of terms relating to geotextiles, refer to
D 4439 Terminology for Geotextiles
Terminology D 4439.
D 4716 Test Method for Determining the (In-Plane) Flow
Rate Per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a
4. Summary of Test Method
Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
4.1 Specimensaremountedbetweenparallelplatesinaload
D 5199 Test Method for Measuring Nominal Thickness of
frame. Compressive loads are applied at a constant rate of
crosshead movement. The deformations are recorded as a
function of load. The compressive stress and strain are evalu-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-35 on
atedandplotted.Thecompressiveyieldpointisevaluatedfrom
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.05 on Geosyn-
the stress/strain relationship for those materials that exhibit a
thetic Erosion Control.
detectable compressive yield point.
Current edition approved August 10, 1999. Published October 1999.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.13.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6454–99
5. Significance and Use 6.3 Movable Plate—Themovableplateshallbeofsufficient
thickness and strength to preclude any bending during loading.
5.1 The compression behavior test for TRMs is intended to
It shall be parallel to the bottom fixed plate and attached to the
be an index test. It is anticipated that the results of the
compression mechanism. A spherical loading block of the
compression behavior test will be used to evaluate product.
suspended,self-aligningtypeisrecommended.Thedimensions
The results of the analyses also may be used to compare the
and shape of the top movable, plate shall depend on the
relative compressive yield points of materials that exhibit a
specimen dimensions and geometry. In general, both length
detectable compressive yield point. It is anticipated that this
andwidthofthetopmovableplateshouldeachbeatleast20 %
test will be used for quality control testing to evaluate
greater than the length and width of the specimens.
uniformity and consistency within a lot or between lots where
6.4 Load Indicator—Use a load-indicating mechanism that
sample geometry factors, for example, thickness, or materials
has an accuracy of 6 1 % of the maximum indicated value of
may have changed.
the test (force).
NOTE 1—This is a one-dimensional test for compressive loading of a
6.5 Deformation Indicator—Use a deformation-indicating
TRM in one plane.
mechanism that has an accuracy of 6 1.0 % of the maximum
5.1.1 The compressive yield point of TRMs may be evalu-
indicated value of the test (deformation).
ated from the stress/strain relationship. Many materials exhibit
6.6 Micrometer Dial Gage, caliper or steel rule, suitable for
compressive deformation but may not show a distinct com-
measuring dimensions of the specimens to+1%.
pressive yield point.
7. Sampling
5.2 This test method can be used to evaluate the short-term
stress/strain behavior of TRMs under compressive stress while
7.1 Lot Sample—Divide the product into lots and take the
loaded at a constant rate of deformation.
lot sample as directed in Practice D 4354.
5.3 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of
7.2 Laboratory Sample—Units in the laboratory sample
commercial shipments ofTRMs but caution is advised because
should be the same as the units in the lot sample for the lot to
interlaboratory testing is incomplete.
betested.Takeasampleextendingacrossthefullwidth,thatis,
5.3.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in
cross-machine direction, of the TRM production unit of suffi-
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
cientlength,thatis,machinedirection,sothattherequirements
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
of 7.3 can be met. Take a sample that will exclude material
plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is
from the outer wrap of a roll, if applicable, unless the sample
statistically bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-
is taken at the production site, then the inner and outer wrap
tical assistance is recommended for the investigations of bias.
material may be used.
As a minimum, two parties should take a group of tes
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