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ASTM D5587-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure

Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of textile fabrics by the trapezoid procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) tensile testing machine.
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining trapezoid tearing strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. Consequently, these test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included in .
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or without wetting.
1.3 Tearing strength, as measured in this test method, requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.
1.4 Two calculations for trapezoid tearing strength are provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest peak forces.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2005
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5587-03 - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D5587-07 - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4851-07(2019)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Coated and Laminated Fabrics for Architectural Use
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM F1296-08(2023) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM F2774-09(2020) - Standard Practice for Manufacturing Quality Control of Consumer Trampoline Bed Material
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM C1695-22 - Standard Specification for Fabrication of Flexible Removable and Reusable Blanket Insulation for Hot Service
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM F2407/F2407M-23a - Standard Specification for Surgical Gowns Intended for Use in Healthcare Facilities
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5446-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM F3267-22 - Standard Specification for Protective Clothing for Use Against Liquid Chemotherapy and Other Liquid Hazardous Drugs
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM F1002-15(2021) - Standard Performance Specification for Protective Clothing and Materials for Use by Workers Exposed to Specific Molten Substances and Related Thermal Hazards
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4850-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D1424-21 - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM F2704-17a - Standard Specification for Air-Fed Protective Ensembles
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM F3352/F3352M-23b - Standard Specification for Isolation Gowns Intended for Use in Healthcare Facilities
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005

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ASTM D5587-05 - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid ProcedureASTM D5587-05 - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
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ASTM D5587-05 - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5587–05
Standard Test Method for
1
Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5587; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing 2.1 ASTM Standards:
strength of textile fabrics by the trapezoid procedure using a D76 SpecificationforTensileTestingMachinesforTextiles
recordingconstant-rate-of-extension-type(CRE)tensiletesting D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
machine. D 629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
preferred test apparatus for determining trapezoid tearing D 2904 Practice for InterlaboratoryTesting of aTextileTest
strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse- Method That Produces Normally Distributed Data
type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. D 2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
Consequently, these test instruments may be used when agreed Textiles
upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions D 4850 Terminology Relating to Fabric
for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included inAppendix 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
X1. TEX-PAC
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including
3. Terminology
wovenfabrics,airbagfabrics,blankets,nappedfabrics,knitted
fabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be 3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method,
fabric, in textiles; peak force, in tear testing of fabrics; tearing
untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise
treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or force, in fabric; tearing strength, in fabrics, refer to Terminol-
ogy D 4850.
without wetting.
1.3 Tearing strength, as measured in this test method, 3.2 For other textile terms used in this test method, refer to
Terminology D 123.
requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported
value obtained is not directly related to the force required to
4. Summary of Test Method
initiate or start a tear.
4.1 An outline of an isosceles trapezoid is marked on a
1.4 Two calculations for trapezoid tearing strength are
rectangular specimen (see Fig. 1). The specimen is slit at the
provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest
center of the smallest base of the trapezoid to start the tear.The
peak forces.
nonparallel sides of the marked trapezoid are clamped in
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
parallel jaws of a tensile testing machine.The separation of the
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be
jawsisincreasedcontinuouslytoapplyaforcetopropagatethe
approximate.
tearacrossthespecimen.Atthesametime,theforcedeveloped
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
is recorded. The force to continue the tear is calculated from
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
autographic chart recorders or microprocessor data collection
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
systems.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM Web Site, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book of ASTM
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Dosument Summary page on
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, the ASTM web site.
3
Specific. The PC programs on floppy disks for analyzing Committee D-13 interlabora-
1
Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originally tory data are available fromASTM. For a 3 ⁄2-in. disk, request PCN:12-429040-18,
1
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 5587 – 03. and for a 5 ⁄4-in. disk, request PCN:12-429041-18.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5587–05
to stop a tear in fabrics of the same construction. The valleys
recorded between the peaks have no specific significance. The
minimum tearing force, however, is indicated to be above the
lowest valleys.
5.5 Most textile fabrics can be tested by this test method.
Some modification of clamping techniques may be necessary
for a given fabric, depen
...

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5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
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5.4 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a spe...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
Note 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods D3885, D3886, and AATCC 93.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4970/D4970M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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