ASTM C1025-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture in Bending of Electrode Graphite
Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture in Bending of Electrode Graphite
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a means for determining the modulus of rupture of a square cross section graphite specimen machined from the electrode core sample obtained according to Practice C783, with a minimum core diameter of 57 mm. This test method is recommended for quality control or quality assurance purposes, but should not be relied upon to compare materials of radically different particle sizes or orientational characteristics. For these reasons as well as those discussed in 4.2 an absolute value of flexural strength may not be obtained.
4.2 Specimen Size—The maximum particle size and maximum pore size vary greatly for manufactured graphite electrodes, generally increasing with electrode diameter. The test is on a rather short stubby beam, therefore the shear stress is not insignificant compared to the flexural stress, and the test results may not agree when a different ratio or specimen size is used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the modulus of rupture in bending of specimens cut from graphite electrodes using a simple square cross section beam in four-point loading at room temperature.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1025 − 15 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Modulus of Rupture in Bending of Electrode Graphite
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1025; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* obtained through a measurement of the ultimate load-carrying
capacity of a specified beam in bending.
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversdeterminationofthemodulusof
rupture in bending of specimens cut from graphite electrodes 3.1.3 modulus of rupture in bending, n—the value of maxi-
using a simple square cross section beam in four-point loading mum stress in the extreme fiber of a specified beam loaded to
at room temperature. failure in bending.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4. Significance and Use
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
4.1 This test method provides a means for determining the
modulus of rupture of a square cross section graphite specimen
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
machinedfromtheelectrodecoresampleobtainedaccordingto
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Practice C783, with a minimum core diameter of 57 mm. This
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
test method is recommended for quality control or quality
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
assurance purposes, but should not be relied upon to compare
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
materials of radically different particle sizes or orientational
characteristics. For these reasons as well as those discussed in
2. Referenced Documents
2 4.2 an absolute value of flexural strength may not be obtained.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C651 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured 4.2 Specimen Size—The maximum particle size and maxi-
CarbonandGraphiteArticlesUsingFour-PointLoadingat mum pore size vary greatly for manufactured graphite
Room Temperature electrodes, generally increasing with electrode diameter. The
C783 Practice for Core Sampling of Graphite Electrodes test is on a rather short stubby beam, therefore the shear stress
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines is not insignificant compared to the flexural stress, and the test
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to results may not agree when a different ratio or specimen size is
Determine the Precision of a Test Method used.
3. Terminology
5. Apparatus
3.1 Definitions:
5.1 The testing machine shall conform to the requirements
3.1.1 electrode graphite, n—a type of manufactured graph-
of Sections 14 and 17 of Practices E4.
ite with less restrictive controls on homogeneity and purity,
5.2 The four-point loading fixture shall consist of bearing
commonlyproducedtocarrycurrentinelectricarcfurnaces,as
blocks or roller assemblies which ensure that forces applied to
a consumable item in electrical discharge machining, and as a
the beam are normal only and without eccentricity. (See Test
structural material in plastic-injection molds.
Method C651.) The directions of loads and reactions may be
3.1.2 flexural strength, n—property of solid material that
maintained parallel by judicious use of linkages, rocker
indicates its ability to withstand a flexural or transverse load,
bearings, and flexure plates. Eccentricity of loading can be
avoided by the use of spherical or cylindrical bearings.
Provision must be made in fixture design for relief of torsional
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
loading to less than 5 % of the nominal specimen strength.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
Refer to Fig. 1 for a suggested four-point fixture with a
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originally
semi-articulating roller configuration.
ɛ1
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C1025 – 91(2010) .
1
DOI: 10.1520/C1025-15.
5.3 The bearing block diameter shall be between ⁄10 and
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
⁄20 of the specimen support span, 12 mm to 6 mm.Ahardened
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
steel bearing block, roller assembly, or its equivalent is
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. necessary to prevent distortion of the loading member.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 10
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: C1025 − 91 (Reapproved 2010) C1025 − 15 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Modulus of Rupture in Bending of Electrode Graphite
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1025; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Updated units of measurement throughout editorially in May 2010.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers determination of the modulus of rupture in bending of specimens cut from graphite electrodes using
a simple square cross section beam in four-point loading at room temperature.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C651 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles Using Four-Point Loading at Room
Temperature
C709 Terminology Relating to Manufactured Carbon and Graphite
C783 Practice for Core Sampling of Graphite Electrodes
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to manufactured carbon and graphite, see Terminology C709.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:Definitions:
3.1.1 electrode graphite, n—a type of manufactured graphite with less restrictive controls on homogeneity and purity,
commonly produced to carry current in electric arc furnaces, as a consumable item in electrical discharge machining, and as a
structural material in plastic-injection molds.
3.1.2 flexural strength, n—property of solid material that indicates its ability to withstand a flexural or transverse load, obtained
through a measurement of the ultimate load-carrying capacity of a specified beam in bending.
3.1.3 modulus of rupture in bending—bending, n—the value of maximum stress in the extreme fiber of a specified beam loaded
to failure in bending computed from the calculations in Section bending.9.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method provides a means for determining the modulus of rupture of a square cross section graphite specimen
machined from the electrode core sample obtained according to Practice C783, with a minimum core diameter of 57 mm. 57 mm.
This test method is recommended for quality control or quality assurance purposes, but should not be relied upon to compare
materials of radically different particle sizes or orientational characteristics. For these reasons as well as those discussed in 4.2 an
absolute value of flexural strength may not be obtained.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010Oct. 1, 2015. Published December 2010 November 2015. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20052010
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as C1025–91(2005).C1025 – 91(2010) . DOI: 10.1520/C1025-91R10E01.10.1520/C1025-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1025 − 15
4.2 Specimen Size—The maximum particle size and maximum pore size vary greatly for manufactured graphite electrodes,
generally increasing with electrode diameter. The test is on a rather short stubby beam, therefore the shear stress is not insignificant
compared to the flexural stress, and the test results may not agree when a different ratio or specimen size is used.
5. Apparatus
5.1 The testing machine shall conform to t
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