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ASTM D7275-07(2012)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This method is used to evaluate the tensile properties of BGM. It can be used for manufacturing quality control or acceptance testing.
This test method uses a dumbbell specimen. The shape and dimensions of the specimen are defined in this standard. No other shape or dimensions are allowed. Other mechanical properties of BGM may be measured using different test methods. Refer to Guide D6455.
The reported properties are the maximum strength and elongation at maximum strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to measure the tensile properties of bituminous geomembranes (BGM) using a dumbbell shape specimen.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2011
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7275-07 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2012
Replaced By
ASTM D7275-07(2018) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Bituminous Geomembranes (BGMs)
Effective Date
01-Feb-2018
Referred By
ASTM D2643/D2643M-21 - Standard Specification for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembrane Used as Canal and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2012
Referred By
ASTM D6455-11(2018) - Standard Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Prefabricated Bituminous Geomembranes (PBGMs)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2012

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ASTM D7275-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)ASTM D7275-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)
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ASTM D7275-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7275 − 07 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
1
Tensile Properties of Bituminous Geomembranes (BGM)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7275; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
4.1 This method is used to evaluate the tensile properties of
1.1 This test method is used to measure the tensile proper-
BGM. It can be used for manufacturing quality control or
ties of bituminous geomembranes (BGM) using a dumbbell
acceptance testing.
shape specimen.
4.2 This test method uses a dumbbell specimen. The shape
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
and dimensions of the specimen are defined in this standard.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
No other shape or dimensions are allowed. Other mechanical
only.
properties of BGM may be measured using different test
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
methods. Refer to Guide D6455.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.3 The reported properties are the maximum strength and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
elongation at maximum strength.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Tensile instrumentation shall meet the requirements
2. Referenced Documents
outlined in Test Method D638.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 Grips—One of the grips must be self aligning to
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
compensate for uneven distribution of force across the speci-
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
men. The clamping force and the clamp surfaces shall hold the
Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
specimen firmly without causing damage.
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D6455 Guide for the Selection of Test Methods for Prefab- 5.3 Grip Faces—Grip faces shall be a minimum of 50 mm
ricated Bituminous Geomembranes (PBGM) (2 in.) wide and a minimum of 50 mm (2 in.) in length. Smooth
rubber, fine serrated or coarse serrated grip faces have all been
found to be suitable for testing BGM. If needed, the use of a
3. Terminology
silicone-coated paper to help holding the specimen ends into
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the grips is recommended. The silicone-coated side is to be
3.1.1 prefabricated bituminous geomembrane (BGM), n—a
used in contact with the specimen.
material fabricated in a plant and consisting principally of
non-woven geotextile, impregnated by a blend of oxidized or
6. Sampling and Test Specimens
polymer-modified bitumen incorporating filler.
6.1 Sampling shall be conducted according to Practice
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
D4354.
refer to Terminology D4439.
6.2 Take a sample that will exclude material from the outer
wrap of the roll or the inner wrap around the core. In the case
where the sample is taken at the production site, material from
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
the outer wrap may be used if it is undamaged.
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-
branes.
6.3 Test Specimens—Prepare five specimens with the length
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012. Published January 2012. Originally
ofthespecimenparalleltothemachinedirection(MD)andfive
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7275 – 07. DOI:
specimens with the length parallel to the cross-machine direc-
10.1520/D7275-07R12.
2
tion (XD).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.4 The specimens shall be cut using an appropriate die to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. the shape, dimensions, and tolerances presented in Fig. 1.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7275 − 07 (2012)
a 125±1mm(4.92±0.04in.) r 12.5±1mm(0.492±0.04in.)
b 85±1mm(3.35±0.04in,) y 50±1mm(1.97±0.04in.)
c 60±1mm(2.36±0.04in.) z 25±0.25mm(0.984±0.1in.)
FIG. 1 Shape, Dimensions, and Tolerances for Dumbbell Specimen
7. Conditioning and Testing 9.2 Calculate the elongation at maximum strength of each
individual specimen by dividing the increase in grip separation
7.1 Samples shall be conditioned for at least 24 h at 21 6
at maximum load (in mm) by the initial nominal length o
...

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Standard Test Method for Determining Integrity of Seams Produced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods for Reinforced Geomembranes by the Strip Tensile Method

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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
4.3 When reinforcement occurs in directions other than machine and cross-machine, scrim are cut at specimen edges, generally lowering results. To partially compensate for this, testing can be performed according to Test Method D7749 or the 2 in. wide strip specimen specified in this method can be utilized. Testing of 1 in. and 2 in. specimens is Method A and Method B, respectively.  
4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
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1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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ASTM D6992-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use of the Stepped Isothermal Method decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.  
5.2 The statements set forth in 1.6 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.  
5.3 Creep test data are used to calculate the creep modulus of materials as a function of time. These data are then used to predict the long-term creep deformation expected of geosynthetics used in reinforcement applications.
Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D7106/D7106M-05(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides guidance to obtain data that is the most representative of the material’s characteristics and performance. To properly evaluate EPDM, tests should be performed in accordance with specific test methods and procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides recommendations for the selection of appropriate test methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) geomembranes used in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications.  
1.2 This guide includes test methods for three different types of EPDM geomembranes including: scrim-reinforced membranes, composite membranes, and smooth, nonreinforced membranes.  
1.3 The test methods are divided into three categories including manufacturing quality control, optional performance tests, and seam testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off