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ASTM G34-01e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Exfoliation Corrosion Susceptibility in 2XXX and 7XXX Series Aluminum Alloys (EXCO Test)

Standard Test Method for Exfoliation Corrosion Susceptibility in 2XXX and 7XXX Series Aluminum Alloys (EXCO Test)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for constant immersion exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) testing of high-strength 2XXX and 7XXX series aluminum alloys. Note 1This test method was originally developed for research and development purposes; however, it is referenced, in specific material specifications, as applicable for evaluating production material (refer to Section on Precision and Bias).
1.2 This test method applies to all wrought products such as sheet, plate, extrusions, and forgings produced from conventional ingot metallurgy process.
1.3 This test method can be used with any form of specimen or part that can be immersed in the test solution.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-2001
ICS
77.120.10 - Aluminium and aluminium alloys
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.05 - Laboratory Corrosion Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM G34-01 - Standard Test Method for Exfoliation Corrosion Susceptibility in 2XXX and 7XXX Series Aluminum Alloys (EXCO Test)
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Replaced By
ASTM G34-01(2007) - Standard Test Method for Exfoliation Corrosion Susceptibility in 2XXX and 7XXX Series Aluminum Alloys (EXCO Test)
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM G31-21 - Standard Guide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM B221M-21 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes (Metric)
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM B221-21 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM G111-21a - Standard Guide for Corrosion Tests in High Temperature or High Pressure Environment, or Both
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM B209/B209M-21a - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM G107-95(2020)e1 - Standard Guide for Formats for Collection and Compilation of Corrosion Data for Metals for Computerized Database Input
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM G112-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Exfoliation Corrosion Tests in Aluminum Alloys
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001

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ASTM G34-01e1 - Standard Test Method for Exfoliation Corrosion Susceptibility in 2XXX and 7XXX Series Aluminum Alloys (EXCO Test)ASTM G34-01e1 - Standard Test Method for Exfoliation Corrosion Susceptibility in 2XXX and 7XXX Series Aluminum Alloys (EXCO Test)
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ASTM G34-01e1 - Standard Test Method for Exfoliation Corrosion Susceptibility in 2XXX and 7XXX Series Aluminum Alloys (EXCO Test)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation: G 34 – 01
Standard Test Method for
Exfoliation Corrosion Susceptibility in 2XXX and 7XXX
1
Series Aluminum Alloys (EXCO Test)
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG 34;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—Adjunct references were corrected editorially in April 2006.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for constant 3.1 Definitions:
immersion exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) testing of high- 3.1.1 exfoliation—corrosionthatproceedslaterallyfromthe
strength 2XXX and 7XXX series aluminum alloys. sites of initiation along planes parallel to the surface, generally
at grain boundaries, forming corrosion products that force
NOTE 1—This test method was originally developed for research and
metal away from the body of the material giving rise to a
development purposes; however, it is referenced, in specific material
layered appearance (TerminologyG15).
specifications, as applicable for evaluating production material (refer to
Section 14 on Precision and Bias).
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 This test method applies to all wrought products such as
4.1 This test method provides an accelerated exfoliation
sheet, plate, extrusions, and forgings produced from conven-
corrosion test for 2XXX and 7XXX series aluminum alloys
tional ingot metallurgy process.
that involves the continuous immersion of test materials in a
1.3 Thistestmethodcanbeusedwithanyformofspecimen
solution containing 4 M sodium chloride, 0.5 M potassium
or part that can be immersed in the test solution.
nitrate, and 0.1 M nitric acid at 25 6 3°C (776 5°F). The
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
susceptibility to exfoliation is determined by visual examina-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tion, with performance ratings established by reference to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
standard photographs.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method was originally developed for research
2. Referenced Documents
and development purposes; however, it is referenced, in
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specific material specifications, as applicable for evaluating
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
productionmaterial(refertoSection14onPrecisionandBias).
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
5.2 Use of this test method provides a useful prediction of
G15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion
the exfoliation corrosion behavior of these alloys in various
Testing
types of outdoor service, especially in marine and industrial
G 112 Guide for Conducting Exfoliation Corrosion Tests in
4
environments. The test solution is very corrosive and repre-
Aluminum Alloys
sents the more severe types of environmental service, exclud-
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
ing, of course, unusual chemicals not likely to be encountered
3
Illustrations (Enlarged Glossy Prints)
in natural environments.
5.3 The exfoliation ratings were arbitrarily chosen to illus-
trate a wide range in resistance to exfoliation in this test.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on
However, it remains to be determined whether correlations can
Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05 on
Laboratory Corrosion Tests. be established between EXCO test ratings and realistic service
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2001. Published December 2001. Originally
published as G 34 – 72. Last previous edition G 34 – 99.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Ketcham, S. J., and Jeffrey, P. W., “Exfoliation Corrosion Testing of 7178 and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 7075AluminumAlloys” (Report ofASTM G01.05 Interlaboratory Testing Program
the ASTM website. in Cooperation with the Aluminum Association); and Sprowls, D. O., Walsh, J. D.,
3
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. and Shumaker, M. B., “Simplified Exfoliation Testing of Aluminum Alloys,”
ADJG003402. Original adjunct produced in 1980. Localized Corrosion—Cause of Metal Failure, ASTM STP 516, ASTM, 1972.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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G34–01
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4.1 Although there are ASTM test methods for exfoliation testing, they concentrate on specific procedures for test methodology itself. Existent test methods do not discuss material variables that can affect performance. Likewise they do not address the need to establish the suitability of an accelerated test for alloys never previously tested nor the need to correlate results of accelerated tests with tests in outdoor atmospheres and with end-use performance.  
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1.2 This guide covers aspects of specimen preparation, exposure, inspection, and evaluation for conducting exfoliation tests on aluminum alloys in both laboratory accelerated environments and in natural, outdoor atmospheres. The intent is to clarify any gaps in existent test methods.  
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4.1 This practice is especially useful for evaluating the adequacy of quenching when performed on material in the as-quenched condition. The practice may also be used to study the effect of subsequent thermal processes (for example, paint or bonding cures) or of actual precipitation treatments on the inherent type of corrosion. Intergranular corrosion resistance of heat treatable aluminum alloys is often directly related to the quenching conditions applied after solution heat treatment and to the subsequent aging treatment.4  
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This specification covers the requirements relating to rinsed and non-rinsed non-hexavalent chromium conversion coatings on aluminum and aluminum alloys intended to retard corrosion; as a base for organic films including paints, plastics, and adhesives; and as.a protective coating having a low electrical contact impedance. Coatings are categorized into four classes according to corrosion protection and finish. The type of conversion coating depends on the composition of the solution and may also be affected by pH, temperature, duration of the treatment, and the nature and surface condition. Films are normally applied by dipping, but may also be applied by inundation, spraying, roller coating, or by wipe-on techniques. Coatings shall adhere to specified electrical resistance, adhesion, and corrosion resistance requirements.
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4.1 The Barcol Impressor is portable and therefore useful for in situ determination of the hardness of fabricated parts and individual test specimens for production control purposes.  
4.2 This test method should be used only as cited in applicable material specifications.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of indentation hardness of aluminum alloys using a Barcol Impressor.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Some Barcol Impressors are for use on plastics and are not included in this test method and should not be used for aluminum alloys.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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1.1 This specification covers pigmented, sprayable, low volatile organic compound (VOC) corrosion-inhibiting adhesive primers for use on aluminum alloys that are to be adhesively bonded in the fabrication of panels for tactical shelters. When applied to a properly prepared surface of aluminum alloy, the primer imparts corrosion resistance and forms a surface suitable for structural bonding and for coating with shelter paint finishes.  
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
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