ASTM D7487-13
(Practice)Standard Practice for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Polyurethane Foam Cup Test
Standard Practice for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Polyurethane Foam Cup Test
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 General Utility:
5.1.1 It is useful to verify catalyst levels in a resin blend or a polyurethane system.
5.1.2 This practice is suitable for research, quality control, specification testing, and process control.
5.2 Limitations:
5.2.1 Several of the measured parameters are subjective. Therefore, operator-to-operator variability and lab-to-lab variability can be much higher than that of a single operator.
5.2.2 The variability of this practice is dependent on the consistency of mixing of the reactants.
5.2.3 The estimation of precision in this practice is based on typical formulations for rigid and flexible foams. Formulations with faster reaction times will likely have greater variability, particularly cream time (initiation time). Formulations with slower reaction times will likely have greater variability in the measurement of free rise time.
5.2.4 It is possible that low-level (ppm, ppb) ingredient contamination will not be detectable using this practice. Confirmation of such contamination will potentially require large-scale (~ 20 litres) tests and is out of the scope of this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of cream time (initiation time), top of cup time, free rise time, free rise height, string gel time (pull time), tack free time, settle back, and free rise density of polyurethane foam formulations using a cup foam test.
1.2 Typical definitions, terms, and techniques are described; including procedures for mixing and transferring samples to the foaming container; and data gathering and evaluation. However, agreement between the customer and the testing laboratory for all these items must be obtained prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
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Designation: D7487 − 13
StandardPractice for
1
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Polyurethane Foam Cup Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.1 cream time (initiation time)—the time between the
start of mixing and the point at which fine bubbles begin to
1.1 This practice covers the determination of cream time
appear.
(initiationtime),topofcuptime,freerisetime,freeriseheight,
3.2.2 top of cup time—the time at which the crown of the
string gel time (pull time), tack free time, settle back, and free
rising foam reaches the plane of the top of the cup.
rise density of polyurethane foam formulations using a cup
foam test.
3.2.3 free rise time (end of rise time)—the time at which the
foam stops expanding as observed visually.
1.2 Typical definitions, terms, and techniques are described;
including procedures for mixing and transferring samples to
3.2.4 string gel time (pull time)—time at which long
the foaming container; and data gathering and evaluation.
“strings”oftackymaterialcanbepulledawayfromthesurface
However, agreement between the customer and the testing
ofthefoamwhenthesurfaceistouchedbytheedgeofatongue
laboratory for all these items must be obtained prior to use.
depressor or similar implement.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.5 tack free time—the time at which the surface of the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
foam can be touched with a gloved finger or tongue depressor
standard.
without sticking.
3
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.6 free rise density—the density in kg/m of a polyure-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
thane foam prepared in an open cup.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.7 free rise height—height of the foam at free rise time
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.8 final height—height of foam after specified time
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.9 % settle back (% recession, % sigh back, or % sink
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
back)—percentagedecreasefromfreeriseheighttofinalheight
3.2.10 resinblend(formulatedpolyol)—completeingredient
2. Referenced Documents
formulation without the isocyanate
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
4. Summary of Practice
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method 4.1 Specific events (cream time, initiation time, top of cup
time, free rise time, free rise height, string gel time, and tack
free time) from a polyurethane foamed in a cup are measured
3. Terminology
to verify the resin blend composition or levels of ingredients in
3.1 Definitions—Terminology used in this practice follows
formulations used to make polyurethane foams.
that defined in Terminology D883.
4.2 An estimation of the method precision is given. An
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
estimation of bias is not given because there is no suitable
reference method.
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsand
5. Significance and Use
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials - Plastics
and Elastomers.
5.1 General Utility:
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originally
5.1.1 It is useful to verify catalyst levels in a resin blend or
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7487 - 08.
a polyurethane system.
DOI:10.1520/D7487-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 5.1.2 This practice is suitable for research, quality control,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
specification testing, and process control.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 5.2 Limitations:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7487 − 13
5.2.1 Several of the measured parameters are subjective. 8.2 Weigh an empty cup and record the weight.
Therefore, operator-to-operator variability and lab-to-lab vari-
8.3 Weigh reactants into the cup in accordance with previ-
ability can be much higher than that of a single operator.
ously established order of addition.
5.2.2 The variability of this practice is dependent on the
NOTE 2—Ensure that the temperature of the reactants is as specifi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7487 − 08 D7487 − 13
Standard Practice for
1
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Polyurethane Foam Cup Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the determination of cream time (initiation time), top of cup time, free rise time, free rise height, string
gel time (pull time), tack free time, settle back, and free rise density of polyurethane foam formulations using a cup foam test.
1.2 Typical definitions, terms, and techniques are described; including procedures for mixing and transferring samples to the
foaming container; and data gathering and evaluation. However, agreement between the customer and the testing laboratory for
all these items must be obtained prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology used in this practice follows that defined in Terminology D883.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 cream time (initiation time)—the time between the start of mixing and the point at which fine bubbles begin to appear.
3.2.2 top of cup time—the time at which the crown of the rising foam reaches the plane of the top of the cup.
3.2.3 free rise time (end of rise time)—the time at which the foam stops expanding as observed visually.
3.2.4 string gel time (pull time)—time at which long “strings” of tacky material can be pulled away from the surface of the foam
when the surface is touched by the edge of a tongue depressor or similar implement.
3.2.5 tack free time—the time at which the surface of the foam can be touched with a gloved finger or tongue depressor without
sticking.
3
3.2.6 free rise density—the density in kg/m of a polyurethane foam prepared in an open cup.
3.2.7 free rise height—height of the foam at free rise time
3.2.8 final height—height of foam after specified time
3.2.9 % settle back (% recession, % sigh back, or % sink back)—percentage decrease from free rise height to final height
3.2.10 resin blend (formulated polyol)—complete ingredient formulation without the isocyanate
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials - Plastics and
Elastomers.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2008Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2008November 2013. DOI: 10.1520/D7487-08.Originally approved in 2008. Last previous
edition approved in 2008 as D7487 - 08. DOI:10.1520/D7487-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7487 − 13
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Specific events (cream time, initiation time, top of cup time, free rise time, free rise height, string gel time, and tack free
time) from a polyurethane foamed in a cup are measured to verify the resin blend composition or levels of ingredients in
formulations used to make polyurethane foams.
4.2 An estimation of the method precision is given. An estimation of bias is not given because there is no suitable reference
method.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 General Utility:
5.1.1 It is useful to verify catalyst levels in a resin blend or a polyurethane system.
5.1.2 This practice is suitable for research, quality control, specification testing, and process control.
5.2 Limitations:
5.2.1 Several of the measured parameters are subjective
...
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