ASTM F541-12(2020)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Eyebolts
Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Eyebolts
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the basic requirements and corresponding test methods for forged, quenched, and tempered, alloy steel threaded eyebolts with improved toughness properties and that are chemically and metallurgically constituted to produce a low transition temperature to minimize brittle failure, intended primarily for low temperature applications. The eyebolts are furnished either as straight shank eyebolts (Type 1), or shoulder eyebolts (Type 2). Sampled specimens shall be tested, and conform accordingly to chemical (carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, molybdenum, and nickel), metallurgical (grain size, decarburization, and macrotech properties), and mechanical (Brinell hardness, tensile strength, breaking strength, proof load, impact strength, and bend strength) requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers forged, quenched and tempered, alloy steel threaded eyebolts with improved toughness properties and intended primarily for low temperature applications. The eyebolts are chemically and metallurgically constituted to produce a low transition temperature to minimize brittle failure. Maximum thread size is 2.500 in. (63.50 mm).
1.2 The eyebolts are furnished in two types, as follows:
1.2.1 Type 1—Straight Shank Eyebolt.
1.2.2 Type 2—Shoulder Eyebolt.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F541 −12 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
Alloy Steel Eyebolts
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF541;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* E709Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
F606/F606MTest Methods for Determining the Mechanical
1.1 This specification covers forged, quenched and
Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded
tempered, alloy steel threaded eyebolts with improved tough-
Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
ness properties and intended primarily for low temperature
F1470Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
applications. The eyebolts are chemically and metallurgically
chanical Properties and Performance Inspection
constitutedtoproducealowtransitiontemperaturetominimize
brittle failure. Maximum thread size is 2.500 in. (63.50 mm). 2.2 ASME Standards:
B1.1Unified Screw Threads
1.2 The eyebolts are furnished in two types, as follows:
B18.15Forged Eyebolts
1.2.1 Type 1—Straight Shank Eyebolt.
B18.24Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-
1.2.2 Type 2—Shoulder Eyebolt.
dard for B18 Fastener Products
1.3 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information
3. Ordering Information
only.
3.1 Ordersforeyeboltsunderthisspecificationshallinclude
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
the following information to adequately describe the part:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.1 ASTM specification number and date of issue,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2 Name of part (alloy steel eyebolts),
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.3 Regular or shoulder pattern (8.1),
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.4 Size (nominal diameter and threads),
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.5 Number of pieces,
3.1.6 Certification or test reports (if required) (14.1),
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.7 Additional requirements (if required), and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.8 Supplementary requirements (if required).
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
3.1.9 For establishment of a part identifying system, see
of Steel Products
ASME B18.24.
A574SpecificationforAlloySteelSocket-HeadCapScrews
A751Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
4. Materials and Manufacture
cal Analysis of Steel Products
4.1 MeltingProcess—Thesteelshallbemadetoafine-grain
E10Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
practiceusingameltingprocessyieldingaproductconforming
E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
to the requirements of this specification.
terials
E112Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size 4.2 Forging—Eyebolts shall be forged without welds.
E340Practice for Macroetching Metals and Alloys
4.3 Heat Treatment—The eyebolts shall be quenched and
tempered in accordance with proper practice to yield a product
1 conforming to the requirements of this specification.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,
4.4 Machining—The eyebolt shall be machined prior to or
Nuts, Rivets and Washers.
after heat treatment at the manufacturer’s option.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F541–12. DOI:
10.1520/F0541-12R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
the ASTM website. www.asme.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F541−12 (2020)
TABLE 2 Decarburization Limits
5. Chemical Composition
Nominal Size, In. Depth of Decarburization, Total + Partial, max
5.1 Limits—The eyebolts shall be manufactured from steels
in. mm
havingaheatanalysisconformingtotherequirementsinTable
1.
0.250 to 0.375 0.030 0.762
5.2 Product Analysis:
0.4375 to 0.625 0.040 1.02
5.2.1 The purchaser reserves the right to conduct product
0.750 to 1.000 0.050 1.27
analysesonthefinishedeyeboltsorrequestthemanufacturerto
1.125 to 1.500 0.060 1.52
1.750 to 2.500 0.070 1.78
conduct product analyses tests. The composition thus deter-
mined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1
subject to the product analysis tolerances.
5.2.2 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordance and the sample shall then be polished for metallographic
examination. The section shall be etched in 4% nital and the
with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
samples examined under a microscope at 100× using an
6. Metallurgical Requirements
eyepiece graduated in 0.001-in. (0.025-mm) increments. The
measured depth of any light etched band shall be taken as the
6.1 Grain Size:
decarburization depth.
6.1.1 Requirements—The finished eyebolts shall have an
6.3.4 When the metallographic etch method of 6.3.3 for
apparentheat-treatedgrainsizeofTestMethodsE112No.5or
decarburization renders results that are inconclusive, then the
finer.
microhardness traverse method of Specification A574 shall be
6.1.2 Specimen—Grain size shall be rated on specimens
employed. The depth of decarburization shall be denoted by
taken from the eyebolt after final heat treatment.
that radial depth where the hardness decrease is more than the
6.1.3 Test Method—Grain size on the finished eyebolt shall
equivalent of 3 points HRA, when compared to the average
be determined in accordance with Test Methods E112.
microhardness of undecarburized locations beyond this site.
6.2 Macroetch Test:
The average microhardness of undecarburized locations of the
6.2.1 Requirement—When ground and etched, the cross
eyebolt shall be determined for depths not exceeding 25% of
section of the eyebolt shall be free of injurious surface seams,
its shank diameter.
internal cracks, pipe, segregation, and other imperfections
detrimental to the intended application.
7. Mechanical Properties
6.2.2 Specimen—Macroetch test specimens shall consist of
7.1 Hardness:
the full transverse cross section of a finished eyebolt shank.
7.1.1 Requirements—The eyebolts shall have a Brinell
6.2.3 Test Method—Macroetch tests shall be performed in
Hardness of 197 to 248 (equivalent Rockwell B93 to 101).
accordance with Test Method E340.
Hardness tests are subject to confirmation by tensile tests.
6.3 Decarburization:
7.1.1.1 In case of controversy, acceptance based on tensile
6.3.1 Requirement—The depth of decarburization (total +
requirements shall take precedence over low readings of
partial), as measured on the eyebolts after heat treatment, shall
hardness tests.
not exceed the requirements in Table 2.
7.1.2 Specimens—For routine inspection, hardness tests
6.3.2 Specimen—The test specimens shall consist of the
shall be made on a properly prepared surface of the finished
unmachined surface of the heat-treated eyebolts in an area
eyebolt. For referee purposes tests shall be made on a trans-
where threads would normally be machined.
verse section through the threads one diameter from the end.
6.3.3 Test Method—The depth of decarburization shall be
7.1.3 Test Method—Hardness tests shall be made in accor-
determined by metallographic etching. The edge of the speci-
dance with Test Methods E10 or E18, as applicable.
men shall be suitably prepared to preserve the original surface
7.2 Tensile Strength:
7.2.1 Requirement—Testspecimensmachinedfromfinished
eyebolts shall conform to the tensile properties specified in
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements, %
Table 3.
Heat Analysis Permissible
Variation on 7.2.2 Specimens—Eyeboltsfortensiletestsshallbeselected
Product
fromtheeyeboltssubjectedtothehardnesstesttorepresentthe
Analysis, Over
high and low end of the hardness test results. The specimens
or Under
TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements
Carbon, max 0.33 0.02 over
Manganese 0.30 to 1.10 0.04 Tensile strength, min, psi (MPa) 95 000 (660)
Phosphorus, max 0.025 0.005 over Yield strength, min (0.2 % offset), 70 000 to 100 000
Sulfur, max 0.025 0.005 over psi (MPa) (485 to 690)
Silicon 0.15 to 0.35 0.02 Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm), min, % 22
A
Chromium, max 0.90 0.05 over Reduction of area, min, % 55
A A
Molybdenum 0.10 to 0.60 0.02 Brinell hardness 197 to 248
A A
Nickel 0.40 to 3.75 0.03 Rockwell B hardness 93 to 101
A A
The composition shall contain at least two of the elements shown. Hardness tests are subject to confirmation by tension tests.
F541−12 (2020)
shall be machined from the finished eyebolts whenever pos- 35 ft·lbf (47.5 J) average minimum when tested at −40°C
sible. When the eyebolts are too small to remove machined (−40°F). The impact value shall be taken as the average of
specimens, they shall be taken from test coupons from the
three specimens tested with not more than one value below 35
same heat of steel, subjected to the same reduction, and heat ft·lbf but in no case below 23 ft·lbf (31.0 J).
treated with the eyebolts represented.
7.5.1.2 SubsizeCharpyV-notchspecimensshallbeobtained
7.2.3 Test Methods—Tension tests shall be made in accor-
from eyebolts with section sizes not suitable for full size
dance with Test Methods F606/F606M.
standard specimens. Impact strength shall be reported for
information only. However, the fracture surface shall show a
7.3 Breaking Strength:
7.3.1 Requirements—The eyebolt shall conform to the fine-grain fibrous structure characteristic of a shear fracture.
breaking strength specified in Table 4.
7.5.2 Test Specimens—Eyebolts for impact tests shall be
7.3.2 Specimens—Eyebolts for breaking strength tests shall
selected from the eyebolts subjected to the hardness test to
be selected from the eyebolts subjected to the hardness test to
representthehighandlowendofthehardnesstestresults.Test
representthehighandlowendofthehardnesstestresults.The
specimens shall conform to the standard 10 by 10-mm Charpy
eyebolts shall be tested full size.
V-notch Type A specimen shown in Test Methods and Defini-
7.3.3 Test Methods—The breaking strength shall be deter-
tions A370. Eyebolts too small for standard impact test
mined by exerting an in-line pull upon the eyebolt which has
specimens shall be tested using the largest possible subsize
haditsthreadedshankscrewedintoablockandsecuredinone
square specimen with the standard 45° V-notch adjusted in
jaw of the testing machine.The eye shall be loaded by a round
depth to be proportional to the standard specimen.
sectionnogreaterthan50%ofeyediameterandsecuredinthe
7.5.3 Test Method—Impact tests shall be made in accor-
other jaw of the testing machine.
dance with Test Methods and Definitions A370 at −40°C
7.4 Proof of Load:
(−40°F).
7.4.1 Requirements—The eyebolts, when tested in accor-
7.6 Bend:
dance with Section 10, shall withstand the proof load specified
7.6.1 Requirements—Type 1 straight-shank eyebolts 1½ in.
in Table 4.
diameter and smaller, when tested in accordance with Section
7.4.2 Specimens—Eyebolts for proof load tests shall be
10, shall withstand bending through 45° at room temperature
selected in accordance with 7.3.2 and may be the same
without visible ruptures in the threaded or unthreaded portions
specimens used for the breaking strength tests.
when examined at 10× magnification.
7.4.3 Test Methods—The proof load shall be defined as the
load that can be applied without causing permanent deforma-
7.6.2 Specimens—Eyebolts for bend tests shall be selected
tion exceeding 1.5% when measured between punch marks
fromtheeyeboltssubjectedtothehardnesstesttorepresentthe
located across the diameter of the eye and 90° to the direction
highandlowendofthehardnesstestresults.Theeyeboltsshall
ofthepull.Thefixturefortestingshallbeasspecifiedin7.3.3.
be tested full size.
7.6.3 Test Method—The eyebolts shall be screwed into a
7.5 Impact:
7.5.1 Requirements: steel block a minimum of one diameter to ensure bending
7.5.1.1 Eyebolts sufficiently large to remove full-size im- primarily in the threaded section. Bending shall be accom-
pactspecimensshallhaveaCharpyV-notchimpactstrengthof plished by pressure or blows.
TABLE 4 Breaking Strength and Proof Load
Nominal Size and Tension Breaking Strength, min Proof Load, min
Number of Threads Stress
Area, in.
lb Mg lb Mg
0.250—20 0.0318 3 020 1.37 1 220 0.55
0.3125—18 0.0524 5 000 2.27 2 000 0.91
0.375—16 0.0775 7 400 3.35 2 960 1.34
0.4375—14 0.1063 10 100 4.60 4 040 1.84
0.500—13 0.1419 13 500 6.1 5 400 2.44
0.625—11 0.226 21 500 9.8 8 600 3.92
0.750—10 0.334 32 000 14.5 12 800 5.8
0.875—9 0.462 44 000 20.0 17 600 8.0
1.000—8 0.606 58 000 26.5 23 200 10.6
1.125—7 0.763 72 000 32.5 28 800 13.0
1.250—7 0.969 92 000 42.0 36 800 16.8
1.500—6 1.405 133 000 60.0 53 200 24.0
1.750—5 1.90 180 000 82 72 000 32.8
2.000—4.5 2.50 238 000 108 95 200 43.2
2.500—4 4.00 380 000 172 152 000 68.8
F541−12 (2020)
8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations 10.2.4 Hardness—The number of hardness tests from each
production lot shall be in accordance with Table 5.
8.1 Dimensions—The dimensions of the eyebolts shall con-
10.2.5 TensileStrength—Twotensiontests,onerepresenting
formtotherequirementsspecifiedinthelatestissueofB18.15,
thehighandthelowendofthehardnesstests,shallbemadeto
Type 1 Regular Pattern, or Type 2 Shoulder Pattern, as
represent each production lot.
specified by the purchaser.
10.2.6 Breaking Strength and Proof Load—Four breaking
8.2 Threads—The eyebolts shall be threaded. Threads shall
strength and four proof load tests, two each representing the
conform to the Unified Coarse Thread Series as specified in
high and two the low end of the hardness tests, shall be made
B1.1, and shall have Class 2A tolerances.
to represent each production lot.
10.2.7 Impact—Two impact tests, one representing the high
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
and one the low end of the hardness tests, shall be made to
9.1 The eyebolts shall be des
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