ASTM E1461-13(2022)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Thermal Diffusivity by the Flash Method
Standard Test Method for Thermal Diffusivity by the Flash Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thermal diffusivity is an important transient thermal property, required for such purposes such as design applications, determination of safe operating temperature, process control, and quality assurance.
5.2 The flash method is used to measure values of thermal diffusivity, α, of a wide range of solid materials. It is particularly advantageous because of simple specimen geometry, small specimen size requirements, rapidity of measurement and ease of handling.
5.3 Under certain strict conditions, specific heat capacity of a homogeneous isotropic opaque solid specimen can be determined when the method is used in a quantitative fashion (see Appendix X2).
5.4 Thermal diffusivity results, together with related values of specific heat capacity (Cp) and density (ρ) values, can be used in many cases to derive thermal conductivity (λ), according to the relationship:
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermal diffusivity of primarily homogeneous isotropic solid materials. Thermal diffusivity values ranging from 0.1 to 1000 (mm)2 s-1 are measurable by this test method from about 75 to 2800 K.
1.2 Practice E2585 is adjunct to this test method and contains detailed information regarding the use of the flash method. The two documents are complementing each other.
1.3 This test method is a more detailed form of Test Method C714, having applicability to much wider ranges of materials, applications, and temperatures, with improved accuracy of measurements.
1.4 This test method is intended to allow a wide variety of apparatus designs. It is not practical in a test method of this type to establish details of construction and procedures to cover all contingencies that might offer difficulties to a person without pertinent technical knowledge, or to restrict research and development for improvements in the basic technique.
1.5 This test method is applicable to the measurements performed on essentially fully dense (preferably, but low porosity would be acceptable), homogeneous, and isotropic solid materials that are opaque to the applied energy pulse. Experience shows that some deviation from these strict guidelines can be accommodated with care and proper experimental design, substantially broadening the usefulness of the method.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 For systems employing lasers as power sources, it is imperative that the safety requirement be fully met.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1461 − 13 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
1
Thermal Diffusivity by the Flash Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1461; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthethermal
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
diffusivity of primarily homogeneous isotropic solid materials.
2 -1 Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Thermal diffusivity values ranging from 0.1 to 1000 (mm) s
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
are measurable by this test method from about 75 to 2800 K.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 Practice E2585 is adjunct to this test method and
contains detailed information regarding the use of the flash 2. Referenced Documents
method. The two documents are complementing each other. 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 This test method is a more detailed form ofTest Method C714 Test Method for Thermal Diffusivity of Carbon and
C714, having applicability to much wider ranges of materials, Graphite by Thermal Pulse Method
applications, and temperatures, with improved accuracy of E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
measurements. Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
E2585 Practice for Thermal Diffusivity by the Flash Method
1.4 This test method is intended to allow a wide variety of
apparatus designs. It is not practical in a test method of this
3. Terminology
typetoestablishdetailsofconstructionandprocedurestocover
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
all contingencies that might offer difficulties to a person
3.1.1 thermal conductivity, λ, of a solid material—the time
without pertinent technical knowledge, or to restrict research
rate of steady heat flow through unit thickness of an infinite
and development for improvements in the basic technique.
slab of a homogeneous material in a direction perpendicular to
1.5 This test method is applicable to the measurements
the surface, induced by unit temperature difference. The
performed on essentially fully dense (preferably, but low
property must be identified with a specific mean temperature,
porosity would be acceptable), homogeneous, and isotropic
since it varies with temperature.
solid materials that are opaque to the applied energy pulse.
3.1.2 thermal diffusivity, α, of a solid material—the property
Experience shows that some deviation from these strict guide-
givenbythethermalconductivitydividedbytheproductofthe
lines can be accommodated with care and proper experimental
density and heat capacity per unit mass.
design, substantially broadening the usefulness of the method.
3.2 Description of Symbols and Units Specific to This
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Standard:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2.1 D—diameter, m.
standard.
-1 -1
3.2.2 C —specific heat capacity, J·g ·K .
p
1.7 For systems employing lasers as power sources, it is
3.2.3 k—constant depending on percent rise.
imperative that the safety requirement be fully met.
3.2.4 K—correction factors.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.5 K,K —constants depending on β.
1 2
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.6 L—specimen thickness, mm.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.7 t—response time, s.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.8 t —half-rise time or time required for the rear face
1/2
temperature rise to reach one half of its maximum value, s.
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ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.05 on Thermo-
2
physical Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2022. Published April 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1461 – 13. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1461-13R22. the ASTM website.
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