ASTM E1494-92(1996)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Encapsulants for Spray-or-Trowel-Applied Friable Asbestos-Containing Building Materials
Standard Practice for Encapsulants for Spray-or-Trowel-Applied Friable Asbestos-Containing Building Materials
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers encapsulants intended to reduce or eliminate the release of asbestos fibers from a matrix of friable spray- or trowel-applied asbestos-containing materials.
1.2 This practice includes: (1) a series of laboratory tests to show whether an encapsulant is capable of acceptable performance on a specified asbestos-free model matrix, and (2) a series of determinations to be conducted in the field at each location for which encapsulation has been accepted, to show whether a given encapsulant is acceptable on the specific asbestos-containing matrix.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this practice to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
Designation: E 1494 – 92 (Reapproved 1996) An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Encapsulants for Spray- or Trowel-Applied Friable
Asbestos-Containing Building Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Resistive Materials Applied to Structural Members
E 849 Practice for Safety and Health Requirements Relating
1.1 This practice covers encapsulants intended to reduce or
to Occupational Exposure to Asbestos
eliminate the release of asbestos fibers from a matrix of friable
2.2 ANSI Standards:
spray- or trowel-applied asbestos-containing materials.
Z9.2 Fundamentals Governing Design and Operations of
1.2 This practice includes: (1) a series of laboratory tests to
Local Exhaust Systems
show whether an encapsulant is capable of acceptable perfor-
Z88.1 Practices for Respiratory Protections
mance on a specified asbestos-free model matrix, and (2)a
2.3 Other Standards:
series of determinations to be conducted in the field at each
1-GP-205M205 Sealer for Application to Asbestos-Fiber
location for which encapsulation has been accepted, to show
Releasing Materials
whether a given encapsulant is acceptable on the specific
2.4 OSHA Regulations:
asbestos-containing matrix.
29 CFR 1910.1001 Asbestos
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
3. Terminology
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of building terms, refer to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Terminology E 631.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.1 bridging encapsulant, n—an encapsulant that forms a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
discrete layer on the surface of an in situ asbestos matrix.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.2 encapsulant, n—for friable asbestos-containing build-
ing materials, a water insoluble material that surrounds or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
embeds asbestos in an adhesive matrix to prevent release of
D 543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to
fibers.
Chemical Reagents
3.2.3 matrix, n—a combination of one or more materials
D 4226 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Rigid Poly-
that provides a representative specimen of the system combi-
(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Building Products
nation.
D 4240 Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration
3.2.4 penetrating encapsulant, n—an encapsulant that is
in Workplace Atmosphere
absorbed by an in situ asbestos matrix without leaving a
E 84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
discrete surface layer.
Building Materials
3.2.5 substrate, n—a structural building component to
E 119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction
which a surfacing material is applied.
and Materials
E 605 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Sprayed
4. Significance and Use
Fire-Resistive Material (SFRM) Applied to Structural
6 4.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide criteria for the
Members
6 selection of an encapsulant once the decision to encapsulate an
E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions
asbestos installation has been made. It is assumed that the users
E 736 Test Method for Cohesion/Adhesion of Sprayed Fire-
of this practice have already made a decision to encapsulate
friable asbestos-containing material and that this decision is
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM E-6 on Performance of
Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitte E06.21 on Serviceability.
Current edition approved Sept. 15,1992. Published December 1992. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
3 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04. Available from Canadian General Standards Board, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1G6
Discontinued; see 1994 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03. Canada.
5 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07. Available from Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, 1825 D
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11. St. NW, Washington, DC 20006.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 1494
appropriate. Test Method D 4240 and Practice E 849 shall be in the field). Encapsulants shall be applied with equipment
consulted for the measurement of airborne fibrous materials in equivalent to that used for application under field conditions.
the environmental air space.
5.1.6 After application of encapsulant to the test substrate,
4.2 Since existing asbestos-containing materials installed in allow it to dry according to manufacturer’s instruction. Full
buildings may have been applied for a variety of purposes in
drying is usually confirmed when there is less than 0.1 %
addition to fire-resistance, encapsulant properties and perfor- change in weight of the test specimen over 24 h.
mance characteristics not addressed in this practice may be
5.2 For all laboratory tests, apply the encapsulant to separate
important for preservation of original qualities of the asbestos-
replicate matrices at both the maximum and minimum rate as
containing material and should be considered.
described in the individual test procedures.
4.3 The results of the test methods described in this practice
5.3 Conditioning Cycles for Laboratory Specimens—After
on nonasbestos-containing materials will not necessarily pre-
drying, condition the treated specimens for three days at 25 6
dict encapsulant performance on friable asbestos-containing
2°C (73 6 4°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity prior to
building materials. These test methods are designed to charac-
testing, unless otherwise indicated in the individual test
terize the behavior of the encapsulants, rather than to give a
method.
definitive indication of their performance on any particular
friable asbestos-containg materials. 6. Laboratory Test Requirements
4.4 The test methods described in this practice measure
6.1 Cohesion and Adhesion Test (Annex A1):
characteristics of encapsulants in order to retain essential
6.1.1 The cohesion and adhesion test values shall determine
properties of the building material intended for encapsulation.
whether or not the encapsulant affects adversely the cohesive
and adhesive strength of the specified test matrix when
5. Laboratory Test Specimens
performed in accordance with the test method in Annex A1.
5.1 Tests shall be conducted on replicate matrices (fibrous
6.1.2 Acceptance Criterion—The force required to cause
or cementitious) at the following specified thicknesses: 10 and
failure of the encapsulated matrix shall not be less than the
3 1
40 mm ( ⁄8 and 1 ⁄2 in.), respectively.
adhesion or cohesion force required to cause failure of the
5.1.1 The inorganic fibrous test matrices shall consist of a
unencapsulated matrix, and in no case shall the load be less
commercially available blend of factory mixed mineral fiber
than 2.4 kPa (50 lbf/ft ).
and inorganic binders of fire resistive composition designed for
6.2 Penetration Test (Annex A2):
spray application. The inorganic cementitious test matrices
6.2.1 The penetration test values shall determine whether or
shall consist of a commercially available factory mixed blend
not the encapsulant shall be classified as a penetrating encap-
of lightweight aggregate and inorganic binder of fire-resistive
sulant or bridging encapsulant, in accordance with the test
composition designed for wet-mixed spray application.
method in Annex A2. Encapsulation coverage rate used to
5.1.2 The sprayed fibrous matrix shall have the following
prepare specimens for testing shall be the saturation (maxi-
properties:
mum) coverage rate as determined in 7.2.
5.1.2.1 A flame spread index of 25 or less and smoke
6.2.2 Acceptance Criterion—If penetration to a depth of 10
developed value of 50 or less when tested in accordance with
3 1
mm ( ⁄8 in.) of the 40-mm (1 ⁄2-in.) matrix occurs, the product
Test Method E 84.
is classified as a penetrating encapsulant. Products having
5.1.2.2 The density of the dry spray-applied matrix shall be
3 3 lesser penetrations are classified as bridging encapsulants.
160 to 224 kg/m (10 to 14 lb/ft ) as measured in accordance
Differing fibrous matrices as installed in the field may affect the
with Test Methods E 605.
penetration rate. Determination of penetration as described in
5.1.3 The sprayed cementitious matrix shall have the fol-
7.2 and A1.7.2.1 is imperative.
lowing properties:
6.3 Fire Resistance Test (Annex A3):
5.1.3.1 A flame spread index of 25 or less and smoke
6.3.1 The fire-resistance test is conducted to determine if
developed value of 50 or less when tested in accordance with
significant changes in the fire resistance of asbestos containing
Test Method E 84.
materials will occur because of application of the encapsulant.
5.1.3.2 The density of the dry spray-applied matrix shall be
3 3
6.3.2 Acceptance Criterion:
240 to 320 kg/m (15 to 20 lb/ft ) as measured in accordance
6.3.2.1 The sprayed material with the encapsulating agent in
with Test Methods E 605.
place shall not fall from the steel deck during the fire test in
5.1.4 Prior to the application of the encapsulant, the sprayed
amounts greater than for the unencapsulated matrix.
fibrous or cementitious test matrix shall cure sufficiently to
6.3.2.2 If the endpoint of the fire test on the steel deck
obtain the specified constant weight that shall be measured and
protected with the encapsulated sprayed material does not
recorded.
differ unfavorably from the endpoint of the fire test on the steel
5.1.5 Panels of the cured spray-applied matrices shall be
deck protected with the unencapsulated sprayed material by
mounted in a rack that holds them in an overhead position to
more than 10 %, the encapsulant shall be deemed not to affect
simulate ceiling application (the most severe condition found
the fire-resistance rating of an assembly protected with sprayed
material.
The following materials have been found suitable for this purpose; Blaze
6.4 Surface Burning Characteristics Test (Annex A4):
Shield as manufactured by U.S. Mineral Products Co., Stanhope, NJ 07874, or
6.4.1 The surface burning characteristics test shall deter-
Monokote as manufactured by W.R. Grace and Co., 62 Whittemore Avenue,
Cambridge, MA 02140. mine the surface flamespread and smoke developed for sprayed
E 1494
or troweled asbestos-containing materials treated with an field tests shall be at the level required by the matrix system
encapsulating agent. field installation, as established by spraying a test area (test
6.4.2 Acceptance Criteria: patch) using the specified encapsulant.
6.4.2.1 The surface flamespread shall not be greater than 25.
7.2.1 For penetrating encapsulants, the coverage rate to
6.4.2.2 The smoke developed values shall not be greater
achieve encapsulation is the saturation (maximum) coverage
than 50.
rate for the particular asbestos-containing material. Saturation
6.4.2.3 All encapsulants shall be water insoluble after cur-
is achieved when no further absorption of the encapsulant into
ing when tested in accordance with Practices D 543.
the matrix is observed. Coverage shall be reported as liquid
6.5 Impact Resistance Test:
volume applied per unit area.
6.5.1 The impact resistance test shall measure the resistance
7.2.2 For bridging encapsulants, the coverage rate to
of the encapsulated matrix to impact.
achieve encapsulation occurs when a void-free uniform coating
6.5.1.1 The test shall be conducted using the impact tester
is formed over the surface of the matrix. Application quantity
described in Test Methods D 4226: a weight of known surface
must be sufficient to achieve the manufacturer’s minimum
area and known weight shall be raised a given distance above
dry-thickness requirements. Coverage shall be reported as
the steel panel and dropped, giving a known force of impact
liquid volume per unit area.
(measured in inch-pounds) that will produce a minimum
penetration of 7.6 mm ( ⁄10 in.) into the encapsulated matrix.
8. Required Field Test
6.5.2 Acceptance Criterion:
8.1 Cohesion/Adhesion Test:
6.5.2.1 The force to produce a minimum penetration into the
8.1.1 The cohesion/adhesion test shall determine whether
encapsulated matrix of 7.6 mm ( ⁄10 in.) shall not be less than
the encapsulant affects adversely the in situ cohesive and
43 in.·lbf.
adhesive strength of the friable asbestos-containing installation
and shall be in accordance with Annex A1.
7. Field Test Requirements
8.1.2 The force required to cause failure of the encapsulated
7.1 Field tests shall be conducted under inspection or
matrix shall not be less than the adhesion or cohesion force
observation of the owner of the building in which the encap-
required to cause failure of the unencapsulated matrix; in no
sulation application is taking place, or of the building owner’s
case shall the load-holding capabilities of the unencapsulated
designated representative.
matrix be less than the load imposed by the applied encapsu-
7.2 Coverage (Thickness) Rate, for encapsulants used in the
lation materials.
This apparatus may be obtained commercially from: Gardner Laboratory, Inc., 9. Keywords
Bethesda, MD 20014, or Custom Scientific Instruments, Inc., P.O. Box A,
9.1 asbestos; bridging encapsulant; encapsulant; penetrating
Whippany, NJ 07981, or Testing Machines, Inc., 400 Bayview Ave., Amityville, LI,
NY 11701. encapsulant
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. TEST METHOD TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF ENCAPSULANT ON COHESION/ADHESION OF FRIABLE
SPRAYOR TROWEL-APPLIED ASBESTOS-CONTAINING BUILDING MATERIALS
A1.1 Scope mined using a metal dish with a hook and having a spring-
loaded scale or weights attached to the materials by a two-
A1.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining
component polyurethane resin adhesive system and thereafter
the effect of an encapsulant on the cohesion/adhesion strength
manual application of increasing force until failure occurs.
measured perpendicular to the surface of friable spray- or
trowel-applied building materials. This test method is appli-
A1.4 Significance and Use
cable to both laboratory and field procedures and indicated in
A1.4.1 This test method measures the force required to
A1.6.
separate either untreated or encapsulated material from the
A1.2 Referenced Documents
base, as well as the internal cohesive strength of the material,
and is an indication of the ability of the appli
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