ASTM D3858-95(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement of Water by Velocity-Area Method
Standard Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement of Water by Velocity-Area Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to measure the volume rate of flow of water moving in rivers and streams and moving over or through large man-made structures. It can also be used to calibrate such measuring structures as dams and flumes. Measurements may be made from bridges, cableways, or boats; by wading; or through holes cut in an ice cover.
This test method is used in conjunction with determinations of physical, chemical, and biological quality and sediment loadings where the flow rate is a required parameter.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the volume rate of flow of water in open channels by determining the flow velocity and cross-sectional area and computing the discharge therefrom (Refs (1-7)).
1.2 The procedures described in this test method are widely used by those responsible for the collection of streamflow data, for example, the U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Water Survey Canada, and many state and provincial agencies. The procedures are generally from internal documents of the above listed agencies, which have become the defacto standards as used in North America.
1.3 This test method covers the use of current meters to measure flow velocities. Discharge measurements may be made to establish isolated single values, or may be made in sets or in a series at various stages or water-level elevations to establish a stage-discharge relation at a site. In either case, the same test method is followed for obtaining field data and computation of discharge.
1.4 Measurements for the purpose of determining the discharge in efficiency tests of hydraulic turbines are specified in International Electrotechnical Commission Publication 41 for the field acceptance tests of hydraulic turbines, and are not included in this test method.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D3858 −95(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Open-Channel Flow Measurement of Water by Velocity-Area
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Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3858; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the volume
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
rate of flow of water in open channels by determining the flow
velocity and cross-sectional area and computing the discharge
2. Referenced Documents
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therefrom (Refs (1-7)).
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 The procedures described in this test method are widely
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
used by those responsible for the collection of streamflow data,
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
for example, the U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
Reclamation, U.S.Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Department
D4409 Test Method for Velocity Measurements of Water in
of Agriculture, Water Survey Canada, and many state and
Open Channels with Rotating Element Current Meters
provincialagencies.Theproceduresaregenerallyfrominternal
D5089 Test Method for Velocity Measurements of Water in
documents of the above listed agencies, which have become
Open Channels with Electromagnetic Current Meters
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the defacto standards as used in North America.
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 3455 (1976) Calibration of Rotating-Element Current
1.3 This test method covers the use of current meters to
Meters in Straight Open Tanks
measure flow velocities. Discharge measurements may be
madetoestablishisolatedsinglevalues,ormaybemadeinsets
3. Terminology
or in a series at various stages or water-level elevations to
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
establish a stage-discharge relation at a site. In either case, the
3.1.1 current meter—an instrument used to measure, at a
same test method is followed for obtaining field data and
point, velocity of flowing water.
computation of discharge.
3.1.2 discharge—the volume of flow of water through a
1.4 Measurements for the purpose of determining the dis-
cross section in a unit of time, including any sediment or other
charge in efficiency tests of hydraulic turbines are specified in
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solids that may be dissolved in or mixed with the water.
International Electrotechnical Commission Publication 41 for
the field acceptance tests of hydraulic turbines, and are not 3.1.3 float—a buoyant article capable of staying suspended
included in this test method. in or resting on the surface of a fluid; often used to mark the
thread or trace of a flow line in a stream and to measure the
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
magnitude of the flow velocity along that line.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1.4 stage—the height of a water surface above an estab-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
lished (or arbitrary) datum plane; also termed gage height.
and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the method, refer to Terminology D1129.
4. Summary of Test Method
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
4.1 The principal of this test method consists in effectively
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments,
and accurately measuring the flow velocity and cross-sectional
Geomorphology, and Open-Channel Flow.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
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approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D3858 – 95 (2003). For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
DOI: 10.1520/D3858-95R08. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the references listed at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this test method. the ASTM website.
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