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ASTM D4496-13

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive Materials

Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful for the comparison of materials, as a quality control test, and for specification purposes.  
5.2 This test method is useful in the selection and use of materials in wires, cables, bushings, high-voltage rotating machinery, and other electrical apparatus in which shielding or the distribution of voltage stress is of value.  
5.3 Commercially available “moderately conductive” materials frequently are comprised of both conductive and resistive components (that is, cellulose fibers with colloidal carbon black particles attached to portions of the surfaces of those fibers, or discrete conductive particles adhered to the surfaces of electrical insulating polymers). Such commercially available materials are often manufactured in a manner that results in anisotropy of electrical conduction. Hence, the significance of tests using this test method depends upon the orientation of the specimen tested to the direction of the electric field and the relationship between this orientation and the orientation of the material in the electrical apparatus, which uses these materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of electrical resistance and electrical resistivity of materials that are generally categorized as moderately conductive and are neither good electrical insulators nor good conductors.  
1.2 This test method applies to the materials that exhibit volume resistivity in the range of 100 to 107 Ω-cm or surface resistivity in the range of 103 to 107 Ω (per square).  
1.3 This test method is designed for measurements at standard conditions of 23°C and 50 % relative humidity, but its principles of operation can be applied to specimens measured at lower or higher temperatures and relative humidities.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautionary statements are given in 8.3.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2013
ICS
29.050 - Superconductivity and conducting materials
Technical Committee
D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
Drafting Committee
D09.12 - Electrical Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D4496-13 - Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive MaterialsASTM D4496-13 - Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive Materials
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ASTM D4496-13 - Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive Materials
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4496 − 13
Standard Test Method for
D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4496; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
4
Carbon black test cell (two drawings)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of electrical
resistance and electrical resistivity of materials that are gener-
3. Terminology
allycategorizedasmoderatelyconductiveandareneithergood
3.1 Definitions:
electrical insulators nor good conductors.
3.1.1 moderately conductive—a solid material having vol-
1.2 This test method applies to the materials that exhibit
0 7
ume resistivity between 10 and 10 Ω·cm.
0 7
volume resistivity in the range of 10 to 10 Ω-cm or surface
3 7
3.1.2 For definitions of the terms used, but not defined in
resistivity in the range of 10 to 10 Ω (per square).
this standard, refer to Terminology D1711.
1.3 This test method is designed for measurements at
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standardconditionsof23°Cand50%relativehumidity,butits
3.2.1 steady state—for the purpose of this test method,
principles of operation can be applied to specimens measured
steady-state is attained if any rate of change in the observed
at lower or higher temperatures and relative humidities.
resistance (or conductance) averages less than 0.25%⁄s.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Specimens of the test material are conditioned at pre-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
scribed conditions and subjected to direct-voltage stress. Re-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
sistance or conductance is measured and used with the dimen-
tionary statements are given in 8.3.
sional aspects of the specimen to compute the resistivity of the
material.Theapparatusandtechniquesusedinthistestmethod
2. Referenced Documents
are selected in accordance with the general principles set forth
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in Test Methods D257.
D257Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
5. Significance and Use
Insulating Materials
D374Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
5.1 This test method is useful for the comparison of
3
lation (Withdrawn 2013)
materials, as a quality control test, and for specification
D991Test Method for Rubber Property—Volume Resistiv-
purposes.
ity Of Electrically Conductive and Antistatic Products
5.2 This test method is useful in the selection and use of
D1711Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
materials in wires, cables, bushings, high-voltage rotating
D6054Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Mate-
3 machinery, and other electrical apparatus in which shielding or
rials for Testing (Withdrawn 2012)
the distribution of voltage stress is of value.
5.3 Commercially available “moderately conductive” mate-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
rials frequently are comprised of both conductive and resistive
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
components (that is, cellulose fibers with colloidal carbon
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
black particles attached to portions of the surfaces of those
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2013.PublishedJuly2013.Originallyapproved
ε1
in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4496 – 04 , which was
fibers, or discrete conductive particles adhered to the surfaces
withdrawn in January 2013 and reinstated in May 2013. DOI: 10.1520/D4496-13.
ofelectricalinsulatingpolymers).Suchcommerciallyavailable
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
materials are often manufactured in a manner that results in
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
www.astm.org. ADJD4496.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4496 − 13
anisotropy of electrical conduction. Hence, the significance of 7.3 Determine the dimensions of the test specimens to
testsusingthistestmethoddependsupontheorientationofthe wi
...

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—  
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Note 1: Material for hot forging will be found in Specification B124/B124M.  
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This specification covers the requirements for rod drawing stock produced from electrolytic tough-pitch or oxygen-free coppers and is suitable for further fabrication into electrical conductors. The rod shall be fabricated from copper of such quality and purity. Copper of special qualities, forms, or types, as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser and that will conform to the requirements prescribed in this specification may also be used. The specimen shall have the following chemical composition: tellurium, selenium, bismuth, antimony, arsenic, tin, lead, iron, nickel, sulfur, silver, oxygen, cadmium, phosphorus, zinc, and manganese. Embrittlement test shall be performed on the specimen to reflect propensity towards hydrogen embrittlement and shall be performed only on oxygen-free copper. The rod shall be free of defects, but blemishes of a nature that do not interfere with the intended application are acceptable.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for rod in diameters from 1/4 in. to 13/8 in. (6.4 mm to 35 mm) produced from high conductivity coppers listed in Table 1, namely, electrolytic tough-pitch, oxygen-free, or fire-refined high conductivity coppers, and are suitable for further fabrication into electrical conductors.  
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