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ASTM E538-17a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Mercury in Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide) and Caustic Potash (Potassium Hydroxide) (Withdrawn 2023)

Standard Test Methods for Mercury in Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide) and Caustic Potash (Potassium Hydroxide) (Withdrawn 2023)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Mercury is a toxic material and is also deleterious if present in caustic soda and caustic potash used in certain manufacturing processes. It must therefore be controlled as a possible pollutant. These test methods provide a procedure for measuring mercury in liquid and solid caustic soda and caustic potash.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the routine determination of mercury in caustic soda and caustic potash liquors and anhydrous caustic soda in the solid, flake, ground, and bead form by the flameless atomic absorption method.  
1.2 Two test methods are described as follows: Test Method A employs a direct analysis of the sample using an alkaline reducing agent with a lower limit of detection of 0.1 ppb (ng/g). Test Method A was developed using caustic soda and caustic potash. Test Method B requires a preliminary neutralization of the sample followed by a permanganate oxidation before it can be analyzed by an acidic reducing agent with a lower limit of detection of this test method of 0.01 ppm (μg/g). Test Method B was developed using caustic soda.  
1.3 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, and safety precautions.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Sections 7 and 18.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods cover the routine determination of mercury in caustic soda and caustic potash liquors and anhydrous caustic soda in the solid, flake, ground, and bead form by the flameless atomic absorption method. Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D16 on Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals, this test method was withdrawn in May 2023. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
30-Jun-2017
Withdrawal Date
22-May-2023
ICS
71.040.40 - Chemical analysis
Technical Committee
D16 - Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals
Drafting Committee
D16.12 - Caustics and Peroxides
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E538-17a - Standard Test Methods for Mercury in Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide) and Caustic Potash (Potassium Hydroxide) (Withdrawn 2023)ASTM E538-17a - Standard Test Methods for Mercury in Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide) and Caustic Potash (Potassium Hydroxide) (Withdrawn 2023)
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ASTM E538-17a - Standard Test Methods for Mercury in Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide) and Caustic Potash (Potassium Hydroxide) (Withdrawn 2023)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E538 − 17a
Standard Test Methods for
Mercury in Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide) and Caustic
1
Potash (Potassium Hydroxide)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E538; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods cover the routine determination of
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
mercury in caustic soda and caustic potash liquors and anhy-
D6809 Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance
drous caustic soda in the solid, flake, ground, and bead form by
Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Ma-
the flameless atomic absorption method.
terials
1.2 Two test methods are described as follows: Test Method
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
A employs a direct analysis of the sample using an alkaline
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
3
reducing agent with a lower limit of detection of 0.1 ppb cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
(ng/g). Test Method A was developed using caustic soda and
caustic potash. Test Method B requires a preliminary neutral-
TEST METHOD A—ALKALINE REDUCING AGENT
ization of the sample followed by a permanganate oxidation
before it can be analyzed by an acidic reducing agent with a
3. Summary of Test Method
lower limit of detection of this test method of 0.01 ppm (µg/g).
3.1 All forms of mercury are reduced to metallic mercury
Test Method B was developed using caustic soda.
which is aerated from the solution and determined by cold
vapor atomic absorption analysis.
1.3 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for de-
tailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, and
4. Significance and Use
safety precautions.
4.1 Mercury is a toxic material and is also deleterious if
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
present in caustic soda and caustic potash used in certain
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
manufacturing processes. It must therefore be controlled as a
standard.
possible pollutant. These test methods provide a procedure for
measuring mercury in liquid and solid caustic soda and caustic
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
potash.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Apparatus
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, equipped with
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mounting to hold an absorption cell and a fast response (0.5-s)
Specific hazards statements are given in Sections 7 and 18.
recorder.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
5.2 Mercury Hollow Cathode Lamp, primary line 253.7 nm.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.3 Absorption Cell, 10-cm path length with quartz win-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
dows.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.4 Gas Washing Bottle, 125-mL, with extra-coarse fritted
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
bubbler. The bottle has a calibration line drawn at the 60-mL
mark.
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and are the direct responsi- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
bility of Subcommittee D16.12 on Caustics and Peroxides. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approved the ASTM website.
3
in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E538 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/E0538- The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
17a. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E538 − 17a
5.5 Gas Washing Bottle, 125-mL, without frit. 6.9 Mercury Standard Solution (1 mL = 50 µg Hg)—Pipet
5.0 mL of 0.05 M mercuric nitrate stock solution into a 1-L
5.6 Stopcock, three-way, with TFE-fluorocarbon plug.
volumetric flask, acidify with 5 mL of H SO (1+4), and dilute
2 4
5.7 Needle Valve.
to volume with water. Mix well.
5.8 Drying Tube.
6.10 Mercury Standa
...

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4.1 Titration techniques using KF reagent are one of the most widely used for the determination of water.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Iron may increase the color of bisphenol A and affect other properties of end-use products.  
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5.1 Hydroxyl is an important functional group and knowledge of its content is required in many intermediate and end use applications. This test method is for the determination of primary and secondary hydroxyl groups and can be used for the assay of compounds containing them.  
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1.5 Organic chloride values of samples containing inorganic chlorides will be biased high due to partial recovery of inorganic species during combustion. Interference from inorganic species can be reduced by water washing the sample before analysis. This does not apply to water soluble samples.  
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1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.3 and Section 9.  
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4.1 Bisphenol A is used for production of polycarbonate or epoxy resin. The presence of impurities in bisphenol A is undesirable because they may slow down the polymerization and be impurities in the final product.  
4.2 Determination of the trace impurities, such as isomer of bisphenol A and the unreacted raw material, is often required. This test method is suitable for setting specifications and for using as an internal quality control where these products are produced or used.  
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4.1 Specific gravity, apparent, may be used as a qualitative test in establishing the identity of a chemical. It may be used to calculate the volume occupied by a product whose weight is known, or to calculate the weight of a product from its volume. It may be used to determine the composition of binary mixtures of pure chemicals. In the case of most refined industrial chemicals specific gravity, apparent, is of minimal value in defining quality, although it may detect gross contamination.  
4.2 Of the two test methods described, the pycnometer method (Test Method B, 1.1.2) is the most accurate and precise. For this reason it is the preferred method in case of disputes. The hydrometer method (Test Method A, 1.1.1) is the least accurate and precise, but it is also the simplest and fastest to perform and is often entirely satisfactory for many purposes. If the sample is too viscous to permit the hydrometer to float freely, the pycnometer test method should be used.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the specific gravity, apparent, of liquid industrial chemicals. Two test methods are covered as follows:  
1.1.1 Test Method A, specific gravity, apparent, by means of a hydrometer.  
1.1.2 Test Method B, specific gravity, apparent, by means of a pycnometer.  
Note 1: Test Method D4052 describes an instrumental procedure.  
1.2 In common usage the term specific gravity, apparent, is understood to mean specific gravity.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in these test methods with the exception of Fahrenheit (°F) in 5.1 as an example of a possible industrial specification unit.  
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Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Sodium Chloride

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Sodium chloride occurs in nature. It is a necessary article of diet as well as the source for production of many sodium compounds and chlorine. The methods listed in 1.2 provide procedures for analyzing sodium chloride to determine if it is suitable for its intended use.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analyses usually required for sodium chloride.  
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following sections:    
Section  
Sample Preparation  
5 to 9  
Moisture  
10 to 17  
Water Insolubles  
18 to 26  
Calcium and Magnesium  
27 to 34  
Sulfate  
35 to 42  
Reporting of Analyses  
43 to 45  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 Review the current safety data sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off