ASTM D2509-20ae1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating Grease (Timken Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating Grease (Timken Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test method is used widely for specification purposes and is used to differentiate between greases having low, medium, or high levels of extreme pressure characteristics. The results may not correlate with results from service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-carrying capacity of lubricating greases by means of the Timken Extreme Pressure Tester.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1, 7.2, and 9.4.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: D2509 − 20a
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricating
1
Grease (Timken Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2509; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially improved Fig. 1 in March 2021.
1. Scope* 3.1.2 scoring, in tribology, n—a severe form of wear char-
acterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratches
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load-
in the direction of sliding.
carrying capacity of lubricating greases by means of the
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Whenthelubricantfilmissubstantially
Timken Extreme Pressure Tester.
maintained, a smooth scar is obtained on the test block, but
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
when there is a breakdown of the lubricant film, scoring or
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
surface failure of the test block takes place as shown in Fig. 1.
only.
Initssimplestandrecognizedform,scoringischaracterizedby
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the a wide scar on the test block and by the transfer of metal from
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the thetestblocktothecontactingsurfaceofthetestcup.Theform
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- of surface failure more usually encountered, however, consists
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- of a comparatively smooth scar, which shows local damage
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. that usually extends beyond the width of the scar. Scratches or
For specific warning statements, see 7.1, 7.2, and 9.4. striationsthatoccurinanotherwisesmoothscarandthatdonot
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- extend beyond the width of the scar are not considered scoring
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- in this test method. The term scuffing is sometimes used as a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the synonym for scoring.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.3 seizure or welding, n—localized fusion of rubbing
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
metal, usually indicated by streaks of transferred metal, in-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
creased friction and wear, or unusual noise and vibration.
3.1.4 wear, n—the removal of metal from a rubbing surface
2. Referenced Documents
by mechanical action, or by a combination of mechanical and
chemical actions.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
G40Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 extreme pressure (EP) additives, n—tribologically re-
3. Terminology
active species that prevent mating metallic surfaces from
adhering to each other under concentrated contact conditions
3.1 Definitions:
with high PV values. PV Product, G40
3.1.1 load-carrying capacity, of a lubricating grease, n—the
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The PV value is the product of the
maximum load or pressure that can be sustained by a lubricat-
contact pressure (MPa) and sliding velocity (m/s).
ing grease without failure of the sliding contact surfaces as
evidenced by seizure or welding.
3.2.2 extreme pressure (EP) lubricants, n—formulations
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The values of load carrying capacity of
whose effects may become observable at different operating
a lubricating grease vary according to test method.
conditions,preventingadhesivewearundermixedorboundary
lubrication regimes and are characterized by an increased load
carrying capacity, or increased tribofilm strength.
1
3.2.3 load carrying capacity, n—of a lubricant, the maxi-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
mum PV value [PV Limit, G40] that can be sustained by the
Subcommittee D02.G0.04 on Functional Tests - Tribology.
lubricant at a reported temperature without failure of the
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2020. Published January 2021. Originally
sliding contact surfaces as evidenced by adhesive wear or
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D2509–20.
DOI:10.1520/D2509-20AE01. localized welding.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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