ASTM C1720-11e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Liquidus Temperature of Immobilized Waste Glasses and Simulated Waste Glasses
Standard Test Method for Determining Liquidus Temperature of Immobilized Waste Glasses and Simulated Waste Glasses
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure can be used for (but is limited to) the following applications:
(1) support glass formulation development to make sure that processing criteria are met,
(2) support production (for example, processing or troubleshooting), and
(3) support model validation.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover procedures for determining the liquidus temperature (TL) of nuclear waste, mixed nuclear waste, simulated nuclear waste, or hazardous waste glass in the temperature range from 600°C to 1600°C. This method differs from Practice C829 in that it employs additional methods to determine TL. TL is useful in waste glass plant operation, glass formulation, and melter design to determine the minimum temperature that must be maintained in a waste glass melt to make sure that crystallization does not occur or is below a particular constraint, for example, 1 volume % crystallinity or T1%. As of now, many institutions studying waste and simulated waste vitrification are not in agreement regarding this constraint (1).
1.2 Three methods are included, differing in (1) the type of equipment available to the analyst (that is, type of furnace and characterization equipment), (2) the quantity of glass available to the analyst, (3) the precision and accuracy desired for the measurement, and (4) candidate glass properties. The glass properties, for example, glass volatility and estimated TL, will dictate the required method for making the most precise measurement. The three different approaches to measuring TL described here include the following: (A) Gradient Temperature Furnace Method (GT), (B) Uniform Temperature Furnace Method (UT), and (C) Crystal Fraction Extrapolation Method (CF). This procedure is intended to provide specific work processes, but may be supplemented by test instructions as deemed appropriate by the project manager or principle investigator. The methods defined here are not applicable to glasses that form multiple immiscible liquid phases. Immiscibility may be detected in the initial examination of glass during sample preparation (see 9.3). However, immiscibility may not become apparent until after testing is underway.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: C1720 − 11
Standard Test Method for
Determining Liquidus Temperature of Immobilized Waste
1
Glasses and Simulated Waste Glasses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1720; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Units statement was editorially corrected in April 2015.
1. Scope 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1.1 These practices cover procedures for determining the
standard.
liquidus temperature (T ) of nuclear waste, mixed nuclear
L
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
waste,simulatednuclearwaste,orhazardouswasteglassinthe
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
temperature range from 600°C to 1600°C. This method differs
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
from Practice C829 in that it employs additional methods to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
determine T . T is useful in waste glass plant operation, glass
L L
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
formulation, and melter design to determine the minimum
temperature that must be maintained in a waste glass melt to
2. Referenced Documents
make sure that crystallization does not occur or is below a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
particular constraint, for example, 1 volume % crystallinity or
C162Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
T . As of now, many institutions studying waste and simu-
1%
C829PracticesforMeasurementofLiquidusTemperatureof
lated waste vitrification are not in agreement regarding this
Glass by the Gradient Furnace Method
constraint (1).
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
1.2 Three methods are included, differing in (1) the type of
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
equipment available to the analyst (that is, type of furnace and
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
characterization equipment), (2) the quantity of glass available
ASTM Test Methods
to the analyst, (3) the precision and accuracy desired for the
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
measurement, and (4) candidate glass properties. The glass
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
properties, for example, glass volatility and estimated T , will
E2282Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
L
dictate the required method for making the most precise
2.2 Other Documents:
measurement. The three different approaches to measuring T
L
SRM-773 National Institute for Standards and Technology
described here include the following: (A) Gradient Tempera-
(NIST) Liquidus Temperature Standard
ture Furnace Method (GT),(B) Uniform Temperature Furnace
SRM-674bNIST X-Ray Powder Diffraction Intensity Set
Method (UT), and (C) Crystal Fraction Extrapolation Method
for Quantitative Analysis by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
(CF). This procedure is intended to provide specific work
SRM-1976aNISTInstrument Response Standard for X-Ray
processes, but may be supplemented by test instructions as
Powder Diffraction
deemed appropriate by the project manager or principle inves-
Z540.3 American National Standards Institute/National
tigator. The methods defined here are not applicable to glasses
Conference of Standards Laboratories (ANSI/NCSL) Re-
thatformmultipleimmiscibleliquidphases.Immiscibilitymay
quirements for the Calibration of Measuring and Test
be detected in the initial examination of glass during sample
Equipment
preparation (see 9.3). However, immiscibility may not become
apparent until after testing is underway. 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC26onNuclear
2
Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.13 on Spent Fuel For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and High Level Waste. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011. Published April 2011. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
C1720–11E01. the ASTM website.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
C1720 − 11
3.1.1 air quenching—to pour or place a molten glass speci- 3.1.17 homogeneous glass—a glass that is a single amor-
men on a surface, for example, a steel plate, and cool it to the phous phase; a glass that is not separated into multiple
solid state. amorphous phases.
3.1.18 inhomogeneous glass—a glass that is
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: C1720 − 11 C1720 − 11
Standard Test Method for
Determining Liquidus Temperature of Immobilized Waste
1
Glasses and Simulated Waste Glasses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1720; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Units statement was editorially corrected in April 2015.
1. Scope
1.1 These practices cover procedures for determining the liquidus temperature (T ) of nuclear waste, mixed nuclear waste,
L
simulated nuclear waste, or hazardous waste glass in the temperature range from 600°C to 1600°C. This method differs from
Practice C829 in that it employs additional methods to determine T . T is useful in waste glass plant operation, glass formulation,
L L
and melter design to determine the minimum temperature that must be maintained in a waste glass melt to make sure that
crystallization does not occur or is below a particular constraint, for example, 1 volume % crystallinity or T . As of now, many
1%
institutions studying waste and simulated waste vitrification are not in agreement regarding this constraint (1).
1.2 Three methods are included, differing in (1) the type of equipment available to the analyst (that is, type of furnace and
characterization equipment), (2) the quantity of glass available to the analyst, (3) the precision and accuracy desired for the
measurement, and (4) candidate glass properties. The glass properties, for example, glass volatility and estimated T , will dictate
L
the required method for making the most precise measurement. The three different approaches to measuring T described here
L
include the following: (A) Gradient Temperature Furnace Method (GT), (B) Uniform Temperature Furnace Method (UT), and (C)
Crystal Fraction Extrapolation Method (CF). This procedure is intended to provide specific work processes, but may be
supplemented by test instructions as deemed appropriate by the project manager or principle investigator. The methods defined here
are not applicable to glasses that form multiple immiscible liquid phases. Immiscibility may be detected in the initial examination
of glass during sample preparation (see 9.3). However, immiscibility may not become apparent until after testing is underway.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
C829 Practices for Measurement of Liquidus Temperature of Glass by the Gradient Furnace Method
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E2282 Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test Method
2.2 Other Documents:
SRM-773 National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) Liquidus Temperature Standard
SRM-674b NIST X-Ray Powder Diffraction Intensity Set for Quantitative Analysis by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.13 on Spent Fuel and
High Level Waste.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011. Published April 2011. DOI: 10.1520/C1720–11.10.1520/C1720–11E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ---------------------
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.