ASTM D3791/D3791M-11(2018)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluating the Effects of Heat on Asphalts
Standard Practice for Evaluating the Effects of Heat on Asphalts
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When asphalts are maintained at elevated temperatures in the presence of air, their characteristics may change. Certain blown asphalts also soften when maintained near, and particularly above, their final blowing temperatures under virtually air-free conditions. This may happen if the asphalt is overheated for application purposes. This practice provides a uniform heat-treatment procedure and methods for evaluating the effect of this treatment on some of the characteristics of asphalts. Changes observed when asphalts are overheated are not indicative of changes to be expected when asphalts are heated to normal application temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for evaluating some of the effects on asphalts of heating in the presence of little or no air.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Apr-2018
- Technical Committee
- D08 - Roofing and Waterproofing
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2020
- Effective Date
- 15-Dec-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2019
- Effective Date
- 15-Dec-2018
- Effective Date
- 15-Dec-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2016
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2016
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2014
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2014
Overview
ASTM D3791/D3791M-11(2018) is the internationally recognized standard practice for evaluating the effects of heat on asphalts. Developed and maintained by ASTM International, this standard provides a uniform procedure for assessing changes in asphalt properties after exposure to elevated temperatures under conditions with little or no air. The practice is essential for determining how asphalt materials behave when subjected to application or accidental overheating, supporting quality control and specification compliance in roofing, waterproofing, and paving industries.
Key Topics
- Heat Treatment Procedure: Defines the method for exposing asphalt samples to elevated temperatures in a controlled laboratory environment to simulate heating conditions.
- Assessment of Property Changes: Specifies test methods to evaluate changes in key asphalt characteristics-such as softening point, penetration, and viscosity-before and after heat exposure.
- Sample Preparation and Handling: Outlines the use of appropriate containers, sample quantities, and handling procedures to maintain consistency across tests.
- Temperature Control and Measurement: Details equipment requirements, including forced-ventilation ovens and accurate thermometric devices, to ensure precise and repeatable heating conditions.
- Reporting Requirements: Establishes guidelines for recording test conditions, presence of any surface skin after heating, and results of comparison tests.
Applications
The ASTM D3791/D3791M-11(2018) standard is widely used in:
- Product Development and Quality Control: Asphalt manufacturers and users rely on this practice to ensure material stability and performance after heat exposure.
- Specification Compliance: The uniform procedure supports compliance with project requirements by providing reproducible evaluation of asphalts in roofing membranes, built-up roofing, and pavement applications.
- Research and Material Comparison: Enables the assessment and comparison of different asphalt formulations, especially under conditions involving elevated temperatures and minimal oxygen, which can be critical for specific construction and industrial uses.
- Risk Assessment: By simulating accidental overheating, the practice helps in understanding potential changes in asphalt properties, informing safe handling guidelines and improving product reliability.
Related Standards
The standard references and complements several other ASTM methods critical to the analysis of asphalt properties, including:
- ASTM D36/D36M: Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)
- ASTM D5/D5M: Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
- ASTM D2170/D2170M, ASTM D2171/D2171M, ASTM D4402/D4402M: Viscosity determination methods for asphalt at elevated temperatures
- ASTM D140/D140M: Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
- ASTM D1079: Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
- ASTM E1, ASTM E145, ASTM E230/E230M, ASTM E1137/E1137M: Specifications for thermometers, ovens, thermocouples, and industrial thermometric devices
By adhering to these referenced test methods, ASTM D3791/D3791M-11(2018) ensures consistent and reliable measurement of asphalt performance before and after exposure to elevated temperatures. For professionals in the construction, paving, and roofing industries, following this standard is key to optimizing material selection and application under varying temperature conditions.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D3791/D3791M-11(2018) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Practice for Evaluating the Effects of Heat on Asphalts". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 When asphalts are maintained at elevated temperatures in the presence of air, their characteristics may change. Certain blown asphalts also soften when maintained near, and particularly above, their final blowing temperatures under virtually air-free conditions. This may happen if the asphalt is overheated for application purposes. This practice provides a uniform heat-treatment procedure and methods for evaluating the effect of this treatment on some of the characteristics of asphalts. Changes observed when asphalts are overheated are not indicative of changes to be expected when asphalts are heated to normal application temperatures. SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers a procedure for evaluating some of the effects on asphalts of heating in the presence of little or no air. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 When asphalts are maintained at elevated temperatures in the presence of air, their characteristics may change. Certain blown asphalts also soften when maintained near, and particularly above, their final blowing temperatures under virtually air-free conditions. This may happen if the asphalt is overheated for application purposes. This practice provides a uniform heat-treatment procedure and methods for evaluating the effect of this treatment on some of the characteristics of asphalts. Changes observed when asphalts are overheated are not indicative of changes to be expected when asphalts are heated to normal application temperatures. SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers a procedure for evaluating some of the effects on asphalts of heating in the presence of little or no air. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D3791/D3791M-11(2018) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D3791/D3791M-11(2018) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D3791/D3791M-11, ASTM D140/D140M-16(2023), ASTM E230/E230M-23a, ASTM E230/E230M-23, ASTM D1079-20, ASTM D36/D36M-14(2020), ASTM D5/D5M-19a, ASTM E145-19, ASTM D1079-18e1, ASTM D1079-18, ASTM D140/D140M-16, ASTM D1079-16, ASTM D140/D140M-15, ASTM D36/D36M-14, ASTM D140/D140M-14. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D3791/D3791M-11(2018) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3791/D3791M − 11 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Evaluating the Effects of Heat on Asphalts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3791/D3791M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
D4402/D4402MTestMethodforViscosityDeterminationof
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for evaluating some of
Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational
the effects on asphalts of heating in the presence of little or no
Viscometer
air.
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Ventilation Ovens
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
E230/E230MSpecification for Temperature-Electromotive
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
E1137/E1137MSpecification for Industrial Platinum Resis-
with the standard.
tance Thermometers
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms used in this practice
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
can be found in Terminology D1079.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Summary of Practice
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 A sample of asphalt in a loosely covered container is
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
heated to a temperature chosen by the investigator for a period
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of5h 610min.Certaincharacteristicsoftheasphaltafterheat
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
exposureatthetesttemperaturechosenarethencomparedwith
those characteristics before exposure.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE1—Asettemperatureisrequiredwhenthispracticeisusedaspart
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of a specification. Historically, a temperature of 204°C [400°F] has been
D5/D5MTest Method for Penetration of Bituminous Mate-
used.
rials
D36/D36MTest Method for Softening Point of Bitumen 5. Significance and Use
(Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)
5.1 When asphalts are maintained at elevated temperatures
D140/D140MPractice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
inthepresenceofair,theircharacteristicsmaychange.Certain
D1079Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
blown asphalts also soften when maintained near, and particu-
D2170/D2170MTest Method for Kinematic Viscosity of
larly above, their final blowing temperatures under virtually
Asphalts (Bitumens)
air-free conditions. This may happen if the asphalt is over-
D2171/D2171MTest Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by
heated for application purposes. This practice provides a
uniform heat-treatment procedure and methods for evaluating
the effect of this treatment on some of the characteristics of
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD08onRoofingand
asphalts. Changes observed when asphalts are overheated are
WaterproofingandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD08.03onSurfacing
not indicative of changes to be expected when asphalts are
and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Built-up Roofing.
Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally
heated to normal application temperatures.
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D3791/D3791M–11.
DOI: 10.1520/D3791_D3791M–11R18.
2 6. Apparatus
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 Oven—A forced-ventilation oven conforming to the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. requirements forType IIAas prescribed in Specification E145,
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D3791
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