ASTM C554-93(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Crazing Resistance of Fired Glazed Ceramic Whitewares by a Thermal Shock Method
Standard Test Method for Crazing Resistance of Fired Glazed Ceramic Whitewares by a Thermal Shock Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Unless there is a proper match between the expansions of the glaze and the body, all glazed whitewares may contain residual stresses from the firing that bonded the glaze to the body. In addition, whitewares are increasingly subjected to thermal stresses in service. Hence, an important use criterion for a glazed whiteware is adequate resistance to repeated abrupt thermal changes. In most cases, the result of inadequate resistance to thermal shock is the appearance of a craze pattern in the glaze. This craze pattern is visible by inspection with oblique lighting and application of a suitable ink or dye.
This test method is applicable to vitreous whitewares that have negligible crazing as a result of moisture expansion. For nonvitreous and semivitreous bodies, refer to Test Method C424.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to crazing of fired, glazed, ceramic whitewares when stresses residual after glost firing may cause a tendency to craze, such stresses being induced by factors other than moisture expansion.
1.2 This test is not intended to induce moisture expansion, which fact should be kept in mind if the materials to be evaluated may exhibit moisture expansion.
Note 1—Test Method C424 covers a method for determining resistance to crazing induced by moisture expansion. Its use is generally confined to testing nonvitreous and semivitreous ceramic whitewares because these products may be subject to such expansion. For whitewares with negligible moisture expansion (such as vitreous and impervious ware), the thermal shock method described herein is generally to be preferred.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Warning in 6.3.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: C554 − 93(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Crazing Resistance of Fired Glazed Ceramic Whitewares by
a Thermal Shock Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C554; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope residual stresses from the firing that bonded the glaze to the
body. In addition, whitewares are increasingly subjected to
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
thermal stresses in service. Hence, an important use criterion
tance to crazing of fired, glazed, ceramic whitewares when
for a glazed whiteware is adequate resistance to repeated
stresses residual after glost firing may cause a tendency to
abrupt thermal changes. In most cases, the result of inadequate
craze, such stresses being induced by factors other than
resistance to thermal shock is the appearance of a craze pattern
moisture expansion.
in the glaze. This craze pattern is visible by inspection with
1.2 This test is not intended to induce moisture expansion,
oblique lighting and application of a suitable ink or dye.
which fact should be kept in mind if the materials to be
3.2 This test method is applicable to vitreous whitewares
evaluated may exhibit moisture expansion.
that have negligible crazing as a result of moisture expansion.
NOTE1—TestMethodC424coversamethodfordeterminingresistance
For nonvitreous and semivitreous bodies, refer to Test Method
to crazing induced by moisture expansion. Its use is generally confined to
C424.
testing nonvitreous and semivitreous ceramic whitewares because these
products may be subject to such expansion. For whitewares with negli-
4. Apparatus
gible moisture expansion (such as vitreous and impervious ware), the
thermal shock method described herein is generally to be preferred.
4.1 Oven—An oven suitable to operate in the range 250 to
450°F (121 to 232°C) while holding the required temperatures
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
within 65°F (63°C) and being capable of recovering tempera-
as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information
ture within 20 min after being loaded with the desired number
only.
of specimen(s).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.2 Water Containers—Containers to hold water at 68 6
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5°F (20 6 3°C) before quenching; the capacity of the contain-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- ers shall be large enough so that the water temperature does not
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For a specific
exceed 85°F (29°C) after quenching a single specimen. Two or
hazard statement, see Warning in 6.3. more specimens may be quenched simultaneously in a single
container provided they do not overlap on the bottom of the
2. Referenced Documents
container and provided that the water temperature does not
2.1 ASTM Standards:
exceed 85°F (29°C) after quenching. As a general rule, it will
C424 Test Method for Crazing Resistance of Fired Glazed
be found that 10 cm of water/g of ware, or 1 gal of water/lb
Whitewares by Autoclave Treatment
of ware will be adequate to keep the temperature within the
required limits. There shall be enough containers to quench all
3. Significance and Use
the specimens loaded in the oven. The containers shall be deep
3.1 Unless there is a proper match between the expansions
enough so that at least ⁄2 in. (13 mm) of water will cover the
of the glaze and the body, all glazed whitewares may contain
quenched specimen(s).
5. Test Specimens
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.1 The specimen(s) shall preferably be whole pieces of
C21.03 on Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns.
ware;cutorbrokenspecimen(s)shallbeusedonlywhenwhole
Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally
pieces are impractical or impossible to test. If the specimen(s)
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C554 – 93 (2006).
DOI: 10.1520/C0554-93R11.
are cut or broken from whole ware, they shall be selected so as
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
to be representative of the item to be tested. In cutting or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
breaking specimen(s), cracks may be induced, therefore, bro-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ken or cut specimens shall be inspected for cracks by oblique
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C554 − 93 (2011)
lighting and application of
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