ASTM D1666-22

Standard Test Methods for Conducting Machining Tests of Wood and Wood-Base Panel Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Machining tests are made to determine the working qualities and characteristics of different species of wood and of different wood-based panel materials under a variety of machine operations such as are encountered in commercial manufacturing practice. The tests provide a systematic basis for comparing the behavior of different products with respect to woodworking machine operations and of evaluating their potential suitability for certain uses where these properties are of prime importance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for planing, routing/shaping, turning, mortising, boring, and sanding, all of which are common wood-working operations used in the manufacture of wood products. These tests apply, in different degrees, to two general classes of materials:  
1.1.1 Wood in the form of lumber, and  
1.1.2 Wood-base panel materials such as plywood and wood-base fiber and particle panels.  
1.2 Because of the importance of planing, some of the variables that affect the results of this operation are explored with a view to determining optimum conditions. In most of the other tests, however, it is necessary to limit the work to one set of fairly typical commercial conditions in which all the different woods are treated alike.  
1.3 Several factors enter into any complete appraisal of the machining properties of a given wood or wood-base panel. Quality of finished surface is recommended as the basis for evaluation of machining properties. Rate of dulling of cutting tools and power consumed in cutting are also important considerations but are beyond the scope of these test methods.  
1.4 Although the methods presented include the results of progressive developments in the evaluation of machining properties, further improvements are anticipated. For example, by present procedures, quality of the finished surface is evaluated by visual inspection, but as new mechanical or physical techniques become available that will afford improved precision of evaluation, they should be employed.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2022
• ICS: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
• ICS: 79.060.01 - Wood-based panels in general
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.01 - Fundamental Test Methods and Properties

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D4442-20 - Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1666 − 22
Standard Test Methods for
Conducting Machining Tests of Wood and Wood-Base Panel
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1666; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
One of the significant characteristics of wood and wood-base panels is the facility with which they
can be machined and fabricated. Different species and products, however, vary greatly in their
behavior under cutting tools, so that some systematic method is needed for determining their
suitability for uses where the character of the machined surface is of prime importance. Such uses
include cabinetwork, millwork, and other applications where favorable machining properties are
essential to good finish. For such products as common boards, on the other hand, good machining
properties are secondary, although still an asset.
The machining test procedures presented in these test methods cover such common operations as
planing, routing/shaping, turning, boring, mortising, and sanding. They are the result of many years
of extensive research and development and include practical methods for qualitatively evaluating and
interpreting the results. Because of their satisfactory use with a wide range of materials, it is believed
that the methods are equally applicable to all species of hardwoods and softwoods, and to wood-base
panel materials, such as plywood, particleboard, fiberboard, and hardboard.
1. Scope Quality of finished surface is recommended as the basis for
evaluation of machining properties. Rate of dulling of cutting
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for planing,
tools and power consumed in cutting are also important
routing/shaping, turning, mortising, boring, and sanding, all of
considerations but are beyond the scope of these test methods.
which are common wood-working operations used in the
manufacture of wood products. These tests apply, in different
1.4 Although the methods presented include the results of
degrees, to two general classes of materials:
progressive developments in the evaluation of machining
1.1.1 Wood in the form of lumber, and
properties, further improvements are anticipated. For example,
1.1.2 Wood-base panel materials such as plywood and
by present procedures, quality of the finished surface is
wood-base fiber and particle panels.
evaluated by visual inspection, but as new mechanical or
physicaltechniquesbecomeavailablethatwillaffordimproved
1.2 Because of the importance of planing, some of the
precision of evaluation, they should be employed.
variables that affect the results of this operation are explored
withaviewtodeterminingoptimumconditions.Inmostofthe
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
othertests,however,itisnecessarytolimittheworktooneset
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
of fairly typical commercial conditions in which all the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
different woods are treated alike.
and are not considered standard.
1.3 Several factors enter into any complete appraisal of the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
machining properties of a given wood or wood-base panel.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1 priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Test Methods and Properties.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2022. Published August 2022. Originally
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D1666–17. DOI:
10.1520/D1666-22. ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1666 − 22
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3.2.2 planer knife clearance angle—planer cutterhead knife
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical angle (c) depicted for both knife alternatives in Fig. 1.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.3 planer
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1666 − 17 D1666 − 22
Standard Test Methods for
Conducting Machining Tests of Wood and Wood-Base Panel
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1666; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
One of the significant characteristics of wood and wood-base panels is the facility with which they
can be machined and fabricated. Different species and products, however, vary greatly in their
behavior under cutting tools, so that some systematic method is needed for determining their
suitability for uses where the character of the machined surface is of prime importance. Such uses
include cabinetwork, millwork, and other applications where favorable machining properties are
essential to good finish. For such products as common boards, on the other hand, good machining
properties are secondary, although still an asset.
The machining test procedures presented in these test methods cover such common operations as
planing, routing/shaping, turning, boring, mortising, and sanding. They are the result of many years
of extensive research and development and include practical methods for qualitatively evaluating and
interpreting the results. Because of their satisfactory use with a wide range of materials, it is believed
that the methods are equally applicable to species, all species of hardwoods and softwoods, and to
wood-base panel materials, such as plywood, particleboard, fiberboard, and hardboard.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for planing, routing/shaping, turning, mortising, boring, and sanding, all of which are
common wood-working operations used in the manufacture of wood products. These tests apply, in different degrees, to two
general classes of materials:
1.1.1 Wood in the form of lumber, and
1.1.2 Wood-base panel materials such as plywood and wood-base fiber and particle panels.
1.2 Because of the importance of planing, some of the variables that affect the results of this operation are explored with a view
to determining optimum conditions. In most of the other tests, however, it is necessary to limit the work to one set of fairly typical
commercial conditions in which all the different woods are treated alike.
1.3 Several factors enter into any complete appraisal of the machining properties of a given wood or wood-base panel. Quality
of finished surface is recommended as the basis for evaluation of machining properties. Rate of dulling of cutting tools and power
consumed in cutting are also important considerations but are beyond the scope of these test methods.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental Test Methods
and Properties.
Current edition approved March 1, 2017Aug. 1, 2022. Published June 2017August 2022. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20112017 as
D1666 – 11.D1666 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D1666-17.10.1520/D1666-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1666 − 22
1.4 Although the methods presented include the results of progressive developments in the evaluation of machining properties,
further improvements may be are anticipated. For example, by present procedures, quality of the finished surface is evaluated by
visual inspection, but as new mechanical or physical techniques become available that will afford improved precision of evaluation,
they should be employed.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be
approximate.standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information
only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision
...