ASTM D4445-10(2015)

Standard Test Method for Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful as a screening procedure for selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This (laboratory) test method is used for determining the minimum concentration of fungicide, or formulation of fungicides, that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by sapstain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under optimum laboratory conditions.  
Note 1: From the results of this test, commercial treating solution concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests.  
1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures are discussed in the following order:    
Section  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Apparatus  
6  
Reagents  
7  
Wood  
8  
Test Fungi  
9  
Culture Media  
10  
Preparation of Inoculum  
11  
Preparation of Test Chambers  
12  
Treatment of Samples  
13  
Inoculation and Incubation  
14  
Evaluation of the Test  
15  
Report  
16  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2015
• ICS: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.06 - Treatments for Wood Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4445-10 - Standard Test Method for Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Referred By: ASTM E3152-23 - Standard Guide for Standard Test Methods and Practices Available for Determining Antifungal Activity on Natural or Synthetic Substrates Treated with Antimicrobial Agents
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4445 − 10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on
1
Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D9Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-
ucts
1.1 This(laboratory)testmethodisusedfordeterminingthe
D1165Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Soft-
minimum concentration of fungicide, or formulation of
woods
fungicides, that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
sapstain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under
optimum laboratory conditions.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—From the results of this test, commercial treating solution
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests.
method, refer to Terminologies D9 and D1165.
1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures are
discussed in the following order:
4. Summary of Test Method
Section
4.1 Unseasoned sapwood specimens are treated either by
Summary of Test Method 4
spraying with, or by immersing in, solutions or dispersions of
Apparatus 6
Reagents 7 a fungicide formulation prepared at five or more concentration
Wood 8
levels.Thespecimensareexposedtosapstainfungiandmolds.
Test Fungi 9
Options for testing the toxicity of fungicides include testing
Culture Media 10
Preparation of Inoculum 11 against individual fungi or against several fungi by using a
Preparation of Test Chambers 12
mixed spore suspension for the inoculation of the specimens.
Treatment of Samples 13
Inoculation and Incubation 14
4.2 Theintensityofsurfacefungalgrowthisestimatedafter
Evaluation of the Test 15
incubation and the results used to determine the minimum
Report 16
chemical treatment concentration giving zero growth (CGo).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5. Significance and Use
standard.
5.1 This test method is useful as a screening procedure for
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
evaluation.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.1 Incubation Room (or Incubation Cabinet),maintainedat
a temperature of 25 6 1°C, and relative humidity between 70
2. Referenced Documents
and 80%.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.2 Steam Sterilizer.
6.3 Containers:
6.3.1 Sterile Petri Dishes, with minimum size of 140
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D07 on Wood
(diameter) by 20 mm (height) with lid or,
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.06 on Treatments for Wood
Products.
6.3.2 Aluminum Pans,withminimumsizeof240by100by
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally
20 mm (height) with aluminum foil cover.
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4445–10. DOI:
10.1520/D4445-10R15.
6.4 Spacers:
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.4.1 U-Shaped Glass Rod, with 3 mm diameter or,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.4.2 Polyethylene Mesh, cut to cover the bottom of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. selected container(s).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4445 − 10 (2015)
7. Reagents 9.2.2.2 Cephaloascus fragrans Hanawa (ATCC 12091).
9.2.2.3 Gliocladium roseum (Link) Bainier (ATCC 10521).
7.1 Purity of Water—Referencetowatershallbeunderstood
to mean sterile reagent water conforming to Type IV of 9.3 General Consideration—In addition to the above fungi,
Specification D1193. others that are known to cause discoloration on wood species
used in test include, for example, Cytospora sp. (Pine);
8. Wood
Phialophora sp.; Graphium sp.; Ceratocystis sp.; Alternaria
sp.; Penicillium sp.; Aspergillis sp.; Trichoderma sp.
8.1 GeneralProperties—Thewoodspeciestobetestedshall
be selected on the basis of their susceptibility to staining fungi
10. Culture Media
(pine or spruce species are preferred). Sapwood of the selected
10.1 Agar Substrate—For both stock culture tube and petri
wood
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4445 − 10 D4445 − 10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Fungicides for Controlling Sapstain and Mold on
1
Unseasoned Lumber (Laboratory Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This (laboratory) test method is used for determining the minimum concentration of fungicide, or formulation of fungicides,
that is effective in preventing biodeterioration by sapstain fungi and molds in selected species of wood under optimum laboratory
conditions.
NOTE 1—From the results of this test, commercial treating solution concentrations cannot be estimated without further field tests.
1.2 The requirements for test materials and procedures are discussed in the following order:
Section
Summary of Test Method 4
Apparatus 6
Reagents 7
Wood 8
Test Fungi 9
Culture Media 10
Preparation of Inoculum 11
Preparation of Test Chambers 12
Treatment of Samples 13
Inoculation and Incubation 14
Evaluation of the Test 15
Report 16
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Products
D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Softwoods
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminologies D9 and D1165.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Unseasoned sapwood specimens are treated either by spraying with, or by immersing in, solutions or dispersions of a
fungicide formulation prepared at five or more concentration levels. The specimens are exposed to sapstain fungi and molds.
Options for testing the toxicity of fungicides include testing against individual fungi or against several fungi by using a mixed spore
suspension for the inoculation of the specimens.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.06 on Treatments for Wood Products.
Current edition approved March 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2015. Published March 2010December 2015. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20092010
as D4445 – 09a.D4445 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/D4445-10.10.1520/D4445-10R15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4445 − 10 (2015)
4.2 The intensity of surface fungal growth is estimated after incubation and the results used to determine the minimum chemical
treatment concentration giving zero growth (CGo).
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is useful as a screening procedure for selecting fungicides or formulations for more rigorous field
evaluation.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Incubation Room (or Incubation Cabinet), maintained at a temperature of 25 6 1°C, and relative humidity between 70 and
80 %.
6.2 Steam Sterilizer.
6.3 Containers:
6.3.1 Sterile Petri Dishes, with minimum size of 140 (diameter) by 20 mm (height) with lid or,
6.3.2 Aluminum Pans, with minimum size of 240 by 100 by 20 mm (height) with aluminum foil cover.
6.4 Spacers:
6.4.1 U-Shaped Glass Rod, with 3 mm diameter or,
6.4.2 Polyethylene Mesh, cut to cover the bottom of the selected container(s).
7. Reagents
7.1 Purity of Water—Reference to water shall be understood to mean sterile reagent water conforming to Type IV of
Specification D1193.
8. Wood
8.1 General Properties—The wood species to be tested shall be selected on the basis of their susceptibility to staining fungi
(pine or spruce species are preferred). Sapwood of the selected wood species, unseasoned (moisture content higher than 40 %), free
of knots, visible
...