ASTM A340-23a

Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2023
• ICS: 29.030 - Magnetic materials
• Technical Committee: A06 - Magnetic Properties
• Drafting Committee: A06.92 - Terminology and Definitions

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A340-23 - Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM A932/A932M-01(2019) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method with Sheet Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM A1126-23 - Standard Specification for Magnetic Pure Iron
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F2978-20 - Standards Guide to Optimize Scan Sequences for Clinical Diagnostic Evaluation of Metal-on-Metal Hip Arthroplasty Devices using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM A697/A697M-13(2018) - Standard Test Method for Alternating Current Magnetic Properties of Laminated Core Specimen Using Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM A912/A912M-11(2019) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method with Toroidal Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM A889/A889M-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Low Magnetic Flux Density Using the Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter-Varmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Frame
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM A753-21 - Standard Specification for Wrought Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic Alloys (UNS K94490, K94840, N14076, N14080)
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM A345-19 - Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels for Magnetic Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM A848-17 - Standard Specification for Low-Carbon Magnetic Iron
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM A927/A927M-18(2022) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Toroidal Core Specimens Using the Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter Method
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM A1009-18 - Standard Specification for Soft Magnetic MnZn Ferrite Core Materials for Transformer and Inductor Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM A1086-20 - Standard Specification for Thin-Gauge Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM A1070-16(2022) - Standard Specification for Cast and Sintered Alnico Permanent Magnets
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM A348/A348M-05(2021) - Standard Test Method for Alternating Current Magnetic Properties of Materials Using the Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method, 100 to 10 000 Hz and 25-cm Epstein Frame
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A340 − 23a
Standard Terminology of
1
Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In preparing this terminology standard, an attempt has been made to avoid, where possible, vector
analysis and differential equations so as to make the definitions more intelligible to the average worker
in the field of magnetic testing. In some cases, rigorous treatment has been sacrificed to secure
simplicity and clarity, but it is believed that none of the definitions will prove to be misleading.
It is the intent of this terminology standard to be consistent in the use of symbols and units with
those found in IEC 60050-221:1990 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 221: Magnetic
materials and components. Although Committee A06 has chosen to make SI units normative, the
extensive technical and commercial literature using the older Gaussian units requires that many
definitions contain discussion about and use of both unit systems. This is not an endorsement of the
older unit system and users of this terminology are encouraged to use SI units where possible.
1. Referenced Documents A343/A343M Test Method for Alternating-Current Mag-
2
netic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using
1.1 ASTM Standards:
Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Ep-
stein Test Frame
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
A772/A772M Test Method for AC Magnetic Permeability of
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.92 on
Materials Using Sinusoidal Current
Terminology and Definitions.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as A340 – 23. DOI:
2. Terminology
10.1520/A0340-23A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Part 1—Symbols Used in Magnetic Testing
Symbol Term B residual flux density
r
B saturation flux density
s
a cross-sectional area of B coil cf crest factor
A cross-sectional area of specimen CM cyclically magnetized condition
A' solid area d lamination thickness
B df distortion factor
magnetic flux density
D magnetic dissipation factor
m
H
magnetic induction E exciting voltage
E induced primary voltage
1
E induced secondary voltage
∆B excursion range of induction
2
B biased flux density E flux volts
f
b
f cyclic frequency in hertz
B demagnetization flux density
d
B H energy product ^ magnetomotive force
d d
(BH) maximum energy product ff form factor
max
H magnetic field strength
B incremental flux density
∆
B intrinsic flux density ∆H excursion range of magnetic field strength
i
H biasing magnetic field strength
B maximum value of magnetic flux density in a
m b
static hysteresis loop H coercive field strength
cB
H intrinsic coercive field strength
B maximum value of magnetic flux density in a
max cJ
dynamic hysteresis loop H demagnetizing field strength
d
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A340 − 23a
H incremental magnetic field strength P winding loss (copper loss)
∆ w
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed P exciting power
L z
peak value of magnetizing current) P specific exciting power
z (B;f)
H maximum magnetic field strength in a hyster- Q magnetic storage factor
m
m
esis loop
5 reluctance
H maximum magnetic field strength in a flux- R core resistance
max
1
current loop
R winding resistance
w
H ac magnetic field strength (from a measured S lamination factor (stacking factor)
p
peak value of exciting current) SCM symmetrically cyclically magnetized condition
H instantaneous magnetic field strength (coinci- T Curie temperature
t c
dent with B ) w lamination width
max
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
W hysteresis energy loss
z h
peak value of exciting current) linear expansion, coefficient (average)
α¯
I ac exciting current (rms value)
∆χ incremental tolerance
I ac core loss current (rms value)
c β hysteretic angle
I constant current
dc γ loss angle
I ac magnetizing current (rms value)
m cos γ magnetic power factor
J magnetic pola
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A340 − 23 A340 − 23a
Standard Terminology of
1
Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In preparing this terminology standard, an attempt has been made to avoid, where possible, vector
analysis and differential equations so as to make the definitions more intelligible to the average worker
in the field of magnetic testing. In some cases, rigorous treatment has been sacrificed to secure
simplicity and clarity, but it is believed that none of the definitions will prove to be misleading.
It is the intent of this terminology standard to be consistent in the use of symbols and units with
those found in IEC 60050-221:1990 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 221: Magnetic
materials and components. Although Committee A06 has chosen to make SI units normative, the
extensive technical and commercial literature using the older Gaussian units requires that many
definitions contain discussion about and use of both unit systems. This is not an endorsement of the
older unit system and users of this terminology are encouraged to use SI units where possible.
1. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 ASTM Standards:
A343/A343M Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-
Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Test Frame
A772/A772M Test Method for AC Magnetic Permeability of Materials Using Sinusoidal Current
2. Terminology
Part 1—Symbols Used in Magnetic Testing
Symbol Term
a cross-sectional area of B coil
A cross-sectional area of specimen
A' solid area
B
magnetic flux density
H
magnetic induction
∆B excursion range of induction
B biased flux density
b
B demagnetization flux density
d
B H energy product
d d
(BH) maximum energy product
max
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.92 on Terminology
and Definitions.
Current edition approved May 1, 2023Dec. 1, 2023. Published May 2023December 2023. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20222023 as
A340 – 22.A340 – 23. DOI: 10.1520/A0340-23.10.1520/A0340-23A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A340 − 23a
B incremental flux density
∆
B intrinsic flux density
i
B maximum value of magnetic flux density in a
m
static hysteresis loop
B maximum value of magnetic flux density in a
max
dynamic hysteresis loop
B residual flux density
r
B saturation flux density
s
cf crest factor
CM cyclically magnetized condition
d lamination thickness
df distortion factor
D magnetic dissipation factor
m
E exciting voltage
E induced primary voltage
1
E induced secondary voltage
2
E flux volts
f
f cyclic frequency in hertz
^ magnetomotive force
ff form factor
H magnetic field strength
∆H excursion range of magnetic field strength
H biasing magnetic field strength
b
H coercive field strength
cB
H intrinsic coercive field strength
cJ
H demagnetizing field strength
d
H incremental magnetic field strength
∆
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
L
peak value of magnetizing current)
H maximum magnetic field strength in a hyster-
m
esis loop
H maximum magnetic field strength in a flux-
max
current loop
H ac magnetic field strength (from a measured
p
peak value of exciting current)
H instantaneous magnetic field strength (coinci-
t
dent with B )
max
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
z
peak value of exciting current)
I ac exciting current (rms value)
I ac core loss current (rms value)
c
I constant current
dc
I ac magnetizing current (rms value)
m
J magnetic polarization
J residual magnetic polarization
r
J saturation magnetic polarization
s
k' coupling coefficient
! flux path length
! effective flux path length
1
! gap length
g
+ (also φ N ) flux linkage
+ mutual flux linkage
m
L self inductance
L core inductance
1
L incremental ind
...