ASTM E1282-98(2004)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Specifying the Chemical Compositions and Selecting Sampling Practices and Quantitative Analysis Methods for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
Standard Guide for Specifying the Chemical Compositions and Selecting Sampling Practices and Quantitative Analysis Methods for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended to assist those writing or revising compositional specification, sampling practice, and analysis method standards for ferrous and non-ferrous metals, ores, and related materials. It is directed toward those areas which must be addressed to properly coordinate compositional specification, sampling practice, and analytical method standards. Its use will help ensure that compositional requirements are clearly defined and that sampling practices and analytical methods are available to meet product specifications.
This guide does not attempt to define which elements should be controlled, where samples should be taken, or how they should be analyzed. These items are addressed in standards such as Specification A 276, Methods, Practices and Terminology A 751, Test Method E 34, Practice E 255, Test Method E 342, and Test Methods E 350.
A primary purpose for ASTM sampling practices and analytical method standards is to provide widely-accepted and tested methodology for use in meeting ASTM product specifications. Although it is recognized that individual laboratories are free to use other methods, the availability of ASTM approved methodology is essential for referee purposes and to demonstrate that properly equipped laboratories can make the required measurements.
Sampling practices and analysis methods to be recommended for use in testing a given product are most easily selected cooperatively by the specification-writing and the methods-writing committees which have jurisdiction for the product. When existing sampling or analysis standards do not meet the needs of the new product specification standard, the specification-writing committee should request that the methods-writing committee develop the required standards. ASTM Committee E-1 is responsible for methods and practices covering the sampling and analysis of most metals, ores, and related materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for specifying compositional requirements and identifying appropriate sampling and quantitative analysis methodologies to be referenced in product specification standards for metals, ores, and related materials. It is not intended to replace or conflict with either individual product specifications or standards covering broad classifications of products such as Test Methods A 751.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E1282–98(Reapproved 2004)
Standard Guide for
Specifying the Chemical Compositions and Selecting
Sampling Practices and Quantitative Analysis Methods for
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E350 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Carbon Steel,
Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and
1.1 This guide covers procedures for specifying composi-
Wrought Iron
tional requirements and identifying appropriate sampling and
E1061 Specification for Direct-Reading Liquid Crystal
quantitativeanalysismethodologiestobereferencedinproduct
Forehead Thermometers
specification standards for metals, ores, and related materials.
It is not intended to replace or conflict with either individual
3. Significance and Use
product specifications or standards covering broad classifica-
3.1 This guide is intended to assist those writing or revising
tions of products such as Test Methods A751.
compositional specification, sampling practice, and analysis
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
method standards for ferrous and non-ferrous metals, ores, and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
related materials. It is directed toward those areas which must
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
be addressed to properly coordinate compositional specifica-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tion, sampling practice, and analytical method standards. Its
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
use will help ensure that compositional requirements are
2. Referenced Documents clearly defined and that sampling practices and analytical
methods are available to meet product specifications.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2 This guide does not attempt to define which elements
A276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
should be controlled, where samples should be taken, or how
A751 Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology for Chemi-
they should be analyzed. These items are addressed in stan-
cal Analysis of Steel Products
dards such as SpecificationA276, Test Methods, Practices and
E34 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis ofAluminum and
Terminology A751, Test Method E34, Practice E255, Test
Aluminum-Base Alloys
Method E342, and Test Methods E350.
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
3.3 A primary purpose for ASTM sampling practices and
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
analytical method standards is to provide widely-accepted and
E255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for
tested methodology for use in meeting ASTM product speci-
the Determination of Chemical Composition
fications.Although it is recognized that individual laboratories
E342 Test Method for Determination of Chromium Oxide
are free to use other methods, the availability of ASTM
in Chrome Ores by Permanganate Titrimetry
approved methodology is essential for referee purposes and to
demonstrate that properly equipped laboratories can make the
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical required measurements.
Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
3.4 Sampling practices and analysis methods to be recom-
Subcommittee E01.20 on Fundamental Practices.
mended for use in testing a given product are most easily
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
selected cooperatively by the specification-writing and the
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E1282 – 98. DOI:
10.1520/E1282-98R04.
methods-writing committees which have jurisdiction for the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
product. When existing sampling or analysis standards do not
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
meet the needs of the new product specification standard, the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. specification-writing committee should request that the
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E1282–98 (2004)
methods-writing committee develop the required standards. specification requires that both the coating and base metal be
ASTM Committee E01 is responsible for methods and prac- analyzed separately, make sure that it is possible to quantita-
tices covering the sampling and analysis of most metals, ores, tively separate the coating from the base metal prior to
and related materials. analysis.
4.2.3 If compositional requirements differ among various
4. Procedure
applications for a given alloy, it may be necessary to specify
composition by application within a grade, or to create a
4.1 Listthoseelementswhicheitherpositivelyornegatively
separate grade for those applications.
influence the product’s processing, properties, or performance.
4.2.4 RefertoTable1asanexampleofapossibleformatfor
Do not list elements for which no justification exists for
presenting compositional specifications.
exercising compositional control or for which no methods of
4.3 Identify standard sampling practices that can be used at
analysis exist. Nonessential compositional specifications in-
each processing step or for each product form for which
crease testing costs with no benefit to producer or consumer.
compositional requirements are identified as described below
4.2 Establish the compositional requirements for each ele-
(see Note 2).
ment identified in 4.1 as a concentration range, a maximum or
a minimum. Where possible, it is desirable to express concen-
NOTE 2—For additional information on a recommended practice de-
trations in weight percent, however, other concentration units,
signed for the steel industry, consult the literature.
such as parts per million, may also be used. Always list the
4.3.1 Ensure that each selected sampling practice can be
element in the stoichiometric form in which the composition is
carried out without unacceptably interrupting production, in-
to be reported. For example, depending on the material,
terfering with product quality, or risking the health or safety of
calcium might be specified and reported as Ca, CaCO,or
employees.
CaO. Occasionally, it may be necessary to specify that the sum
4.3.2 Ensure that the selected sampling hardware and prac-
of a limited number of specific element concentrations must
tices are reliable. For example, in heat analysis sampling,
not exceed some maximum value or must remain above some
ensure that the ratio of successful (solid, non-porous, com-
minimum value. Make sure that measurement uncertainties,
pletely filled mold) to unsuccessful samplings is acceptable.
particularly at the lower quantitation limits, do not contribute
Also, provision should be made for resampling when needed.
significantly to calculated sums.
4.3.3 Ensure that the concentration of each element to be
4.2.1 Nonspecific phrases such as balance or remainder
determined in the sample is representative of the bulk material.
may be listed for informational purposes only,
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